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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Brain activities during maximum voluntary clenching with and without soft splint in patients with hemimasticatory spasms by functional magnetic resonance imaging].

OBJECTIVE: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to detect the cerebral cortical somatotopy during maximum voluntary clenching with and without soft splint in patients with hemimasticatory spasms (HMS) and the central mechanisms of HMS and the rule of the splint therapy. METHODS: Four HMS patients were selected and the spasms sides were right in two cases and left in the other two cases. FMRI images were obtained on Elscint/GE 2.0 Tesla MR system. Block design was used and the movement pattern was the onset of spasms after maximum voluntary clenching with and without soft splint. The fMRI data were analyzed by SPM99 software. RESULTS: With the onset of spasms after maximum voluntary clenching, the activation of motor cortex in 3 HMS patients was found lateral dominance on the left side, and the other one showed bilateral activation. All the 4 patients were found activation in cingulate area. With the onset of spasms after maximum clenching wearing soft splints, the activation of motor cortex showed no lateral dominance on the left side, and 3 patients were not found activation in cingulate area. CONCLUSIONS: The changes of the activation in motor cortex and cingulate area during the onset of spasms after clenching with and without soft splint might be the central mechanisms of the rule of splint therapy, through which the soft splint might function in alleviating muscle pain.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

Surgical prosthetic splints as an adjunct in treating facial fractures.

Surgical splints are a valuable adjunct in managing certain mandible and maxillary fractures. Of the various splint materials, acrylic is the easiest, fastest, and least expensive. Acrylic splints are rigid, strong, easily adjusted and repaired, translucent, lightweight, and tolerated well by the oral mucosa. Splints are beneficial not only in the edentulous adult, but also in the child with deciduous dentition and in the patient with a partial dentition. Splints are helpful in managing fractures of the symphysis, parasymphyseal region, body, and alveolar ridges of the mandible, sagittal fractures of the hard palate, and severely comminuted mandible fractures. Construction of acrylic splints is simple and rapid if the surgeon uses the services of a dentist or a dental laboratory.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1992

Effect of the arthritis health professional on compliance with use of resting hand splints by patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

This study examined the effects of an occupational therapist's approach during the initial splinting session on the subsequent use of resting hand splints by patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Forty subjects were randomly assigned either to a standard treatment (control) group or to a compliance-enhancement (experimental) group, for whom the use of learning principles, sharing of expectations, use of a positive affective tone and behaviors by the therapist, and the assumption of responsibility by the patient were emphasized. During the 28-day period after splinting, patients in the experimental and control groups wore their splints an average of 23.3 and 18.1 days, respectively (p = 0.056). Nine subjects in the experimental group, but only four in the control group used their splints every day (p = 0.035). Knowledge of splint use correlated with actual use, regardless of the group assignment (p = 0.035). Change in the amount of wrist and hand pain was not significant in either group; however, the experimental group experienced a decrease in the duration of morning stiffness (p = 0.013). This intervention provides health professionals with a pragmatic and effective method to enhance compliance.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy of stabilization splints for the management of patients with masticatory muscle pain: a qualitative systematic review.

This study aimed at providing an answer to two clinical questions related to patients with masticatory muscle pain: 1) Does the use of a full-coverage hard acrylic occlusal appliance (stabilization splint) lead to a significant decrease of symptoms? and 2) Is the treatment success achieved with a stabilization splint more pronounced than the success attained with other forms of treatment (including placebo treatment) or no treatment? A systematic search was carried out in different electronic databases, supplemented by handsearch in four selected dental journals and by examination of the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. Thirteen publications, representing nine controlled clinical studies, could be identified. Reporting quality of most studies as assessed with the Jadad score ranged from 1 to 5. Based on the currently best available evidence it appears that most patients with masticatory muscle pain are helped by the incorporation of a stabilization splint. Nevertheless, evidence is equivocal if improvement of pain symptoms after incorporation of the intraoral appliance is caused by a specific effect of the appliance. A stabilization splint does not appear to yield a better clinical outcome than a soft splint, a non-occluding palatal splint, physical therapy, or body acupuncture. The scarcity of current external evidence emphasizes the need for more and better clinical research.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Effect of splinting on the mechanical and histological properties of the healing periodontal ligament in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops).

Healing of the periodontal ligament (PDL) after extrusive luxation of two upper central incisors was evaluated when one tooth was splinted and the other left untreated. One millimetre thick, transverse sections of tooth, PDL and alveolar bone were examined in a materials testing machine. Load deformation curves were recorded and a number of mechanical properties were assessed. To eliminate the influence of differences in sizes and fibre arrangements, load values were reduced by the area and deformation values by the width of the PDL, and comparisons between splinted and non-splinted teeth were made at identical root levels 2 weeks after injury. Healing was also evaluated histologically at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks after injury. There were no significant differences in mechanical and histological properties between splinted and non-splinted teeth, which suggests that splinting is of doubtful value in treatment of extrusive luxated teeth. The values for the mechanical properties of injured PDL had returned to 50-60% of those of uninjured PDL by 2 weeks after injury, indicating a rapid healing rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Dynamic splint to reduce the passive component of hypertonicity.

A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a newly designed dynamic splint in reducing the passive component of hypertonus. Splinting and P-ROM exercise were compared among eight elderly subjects matched by age and sex with hemiparesis, one year after cerebrovascular accident. Spring-weighted scale measurements of the passive force of the wrist from 0 degrees flexion/extension towards flexion were used as dependent measures. Measurements were taken three days per week for six weeks. Data demonstrated that a significant reduction of hypertonus occurred among the splinted group but not the P-ROM group. A further comparison with previously published data on the effects of static splinting demonstrated that dynamic splinting led to a greater reduction of hypertonus than static splinting and P-ROM exercises.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Effect of occlusal splints on TMJ symptomatology.

The clinical response of TMJ symptomatology to full-coverage occlusal splints, when used as the only means of treatment, was evaluated. The symptomatology recorded during the last postoperative visit was compared to the initial visit. The response of the different symptoms to the use of the occlusal splint was analyzed statistically using a chi-square test. A statistically significant difference (p = .03) was only found when comparing those groups having only pain or dysfunction symptomatology. The response favored the remission of pain. However, every symptom was improved with the use of an occlusal splint. It was concluded that: 1. Both pain and dysfunction symptomatology will benefit from the occlusal splint therapy. 2. The pain response will be significantly better than the dysfunction response when the patient is treated with an occlusal splint. 3. Eighty percent of the patients suffering from a TMJ syndrome will improve or be cured when the only form of treatment is the use of a full-coverage occlusal splint.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1980

Effects of occlusal splint therapy on TMJ dysfunction.

A study was conducted to ascertain what happens to dysfunction symptoms followed only by occlusal splint therapy. Four hundred eighty-six pantograms were made on 15 experimental patients over a period of 5 months to 1 year. Five control patients were monitored over this same period but received no occlusal therapy. The experimental patients with TMJ dysfunction were treated with occlusal splint therapy. The occlusal splints were worn until the dysfunction symptoms were reduced and the pantographic PRI scores were reproducible. The occlusal splints were than removed without occlusal adjustments and the patients were monitored pantographically. A statistical analysis was performed on the PRI scores to determine the relationship between experimental and control patients. Experimental patients had an average drop of 21.7 points during occlusal splint therapy as compared to 3.8 points for control patients. All experimental patients had an increase in the PRI score levels following the removal of the occlusal splints.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Patients with restored occlusions. Part III: The effect of occlusal splint therapy and occlusal adjustments on TMJ dysfunction.

An earlier study of 50 patients with occlusions restored by fixed partial dentures indicated a high percent (68%) of TMJ dysfunction. Occlusal interferences can play a significant role in causing TMJ dysfunction. To determine the significance of occlusal interferences, occlusal splints were placed in 10 of these restored patients who had moderate to severe dysfunction. The PRI was used to detect the presence or absence of TMJ dysfunction. The PRI TMJ dysfunction scores were reduced in all 10 patients after use of the occlusal splint. Five of the patients achieved reproducible tracings (no TMJ dysfunction) during the experiment time of 7 months. The occlusion of two patients was adjusted to eliminate the need for the occlusal splint. Patients who wore the splint 24 hours a day showed a significant (0.0004 level) reduction in TMJ dysfunction. Those patients who did not wear the splint regularly or had high levels of stress had PRI scores that varied. This finding indicates that the occlusal splint is not a treatment, as its removal permits reactivation of the occlusal interference. Resolution of dysfunction did not occur until occlusal interferences were removed. The changes in PRI scores to different dysfunction categories (none, slight, moderate, and severe) for the experimental group were significant at the 0.01 level. A control group of five patients had similar pantographic tracings but no other treatment. Their PRI scores varied, but there was no significant change in PRI scores or dysfunction categories. It was concluded that occlusal interferences were active causes of TMJ dysfunction in 10 of 36 patients in a population with restored occlusions.

Dental Occlusion, Balanced↗
PubMed1985

Construction of a ceramometal mandibular repositioning splint.

This article described laboratory and chairside techniques for making a porcelain-bonded-to-metal occlusal overlay repositioning splint and suggests how both dental laboratory technician and dentist can anticipate and overcome some problems commonly encountered during fabrication and seating. A ceramometal occlusal overlay and repositioning splint is often the splint of choice for patients who must wear one at all times during prolonged occlusal splint therapy. Unlike the commonly used acrylic resin splints, the ceramometal splint is durable, provides good esthetics and anatomic functional tooth form, and can be worn at all times including meals.

Dental Occlusion↗
PubMed1982

The effects of different splinting times on replantation of teeth in monkeys.

The purpose of the study was to examine histologically the tissue changes affecting the teeth and surrounding structures after using both 7- and 30-day fixation periods on replanted teeth in monkeys. Eight adult male rhesus monkeys were used. The maxillary central and lateral incisors were extracted, treated endodontically, reimplanted, and temporarily immobilized with an interproximal acid-etch splint. The splints were removed at 1 week in half of the teeth and at 30 days in the other half. The monkeys were killed at 7 and 14 days, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months postoperatively. The results showed that replanted teeth that were splinted for 7 days recovered uneventfully, whereas the teeth that were splinted for 30 days demonstrated increased areas of root resorption and ankylosis. Thus, it is suggested that after tooth replantation the periodontium will repair rapidly with a shorter time of splinting (7 days). Extended splinting periods (30 days) seem to induce further root resorption and dentoalveolar ankylosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Trigger fingers and thumb: when to splint, inject, or operate.

Fifty trigger fingers were treated by splinting of the metacarpophalangeal joint at 10 to 15 degrees of flexion for an average of 6 weeks (range, 3 to 9 weeks). Another 50 trigger fingers were injected with 0.5 ml of betamethasone sodium phosphate and acetate suspension (Celestone) and 0.5 ml of lidocaine. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year (range, 1 to 4 years). Treatment was successful in 33 (66%) of the splinted digits and 42 (84%) of the injected digits. Fifty percent of the 10 splinted thumbs and 70% of the 40 splinted fingers had a successful outcome. Of the 17 unsuccessfully treated digits in the splinted group, 15 were later cured with injections and 2 required surgery. All of the 7 unsuccessfully treated digits in the injected group were cured with surgery. Patients with marked triggering, symptoms of more than 6 months' duration, and multiple involved digits had a higher rate of failure in both groups. Splinting offers an alternative for patients who have a strong objection to cortisone injection.

Cortisone↗
PubMed2004

Salivary flow rates during relaxing, clenching, and chewing-like movement with maxillary occlusal splints.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the application of occlusal splints increases the diurnal salivary flow rate both in bruxism patients and in normal subjects. Salivary flow rates in 16 adult volunteers (8 bruxism patients and 8 sex- and age-matched control subjects) were measured with the spitting method. There was no significant difference in the salivary flow rate with or without splints between the control and bruxism groups. In all subjects, the salivary flow rates with splints were significantly higher than those without splints during relaxing, clenching, and chewing-like movement. The salivary flow rate during the chewing-like movement was significantly higher than that during relaxing and clenching, irrespective of splint application. The results suggest that maxillary occlusal splints might stimulate salivary secretion, particularly during chewing-like movement, in both bruxism patients and normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Adjustable aesthetic aeroplane splint for axillary burn contractures.

Managing axillary burns with an Aeroplane Splint has been known for its effectiveness for years. However, poor compliance in using the various models of currently available aeroplane splints leads to an inadequate outcome, because of the discomfort produced not only in wearing but also while ambulating within the community. In developing countries like India the biggest barrier to environmental accessibility is the presence of multiple permanent structures like narrow thoroughfares, entry/exit sites of public transport, and narrow aisles. These pose a challenge to rehabilitation professionals while prescribing large splints. An attempt to target these problems was made by Manigandan et al, but aeroplane splints, even the one described by them does not deal with the major problem of aesthetic appeal as identified by many of our patients. Accordingly this article presents a new model of the aeroplane splint with innovative changes, focussing on aesthetic appeal while maintaining all the benefits of the splint described by Manigandan et al.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Rehabilitation of digital nerve repair: is splinting necessary?

Forty isolated, sharp digital nerve divisions, which had been repaired by microsurgical techniques, were reviewed between 12 and 36 months postoperatively (mean, 20 months). Half of the repairs had been splinted beyond the immediate postoperative period and half had not. Non-splinted patients returned to work significantly quicker than those who were splinted. Splinted patients reported more stiffness and cold intolerance but splinting made no difference to either the measured sensibility or movement of the digit. We would conclude that, after repair of sharp, uncomplicated digital nerve divisions, splinting beyond the immediate postoperative period is at least unnecessary and may be deleterious.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Bilateral effect of a unilateral occlusal splint on the expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms in rat deep masseter muscle.

Many studies have shown that various myosin isoforms are involved in muscle contraction. A search for specific antibodies directed against the myosin heavy chain (MHC) resulted in the identification of at least two main classes, referred to as MHC type I and type II. In this study, immunohistology and gel electrophoresis were used to determine the proportion of MHC isoforms in rat deep masseter muscle at different times after the insertion of an unilateral occlusal splint. An increasing proportion of MHC type I isoforms was found in both deep masseters soon after splinting, and this trend continued until 7 days after splint insertion. The type I fibres were clearly distributed on either side of the central axis of the muscle. At 15 days, a significant decrease in the percentage of the type IIb MHC isoform was observed on the occlusal splint side compared to the contralateral side. After 30 days of unilateral splinting, the proportion of type IIb fibres on the splint side returned to baseline whereas on the contralateral side there was an increase in the proportion of this type. The results suggest an initial adaptation after the unilateral occlusal disturbance in which muscles of both sides react in the same way; later, the muscles of each side adapt their expression of MHC isoforms according to altered functional demand.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Splinting and local steroid injection for the treatment of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: clinical and electrophysiological evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of splinting alone in the treatment of ulnar nerve lesion at the elbow with the effects of applying a local steroid injection in addition to splinting. DESIGN: Twelve nerves of 10 patients were randomly assigned into two groups: 5 nerves in Group A were treated with elbow splinting only; 7 nerves in Group B were treated with local steroid injection in addition to splinting. Therapeutic effects were assessed 1 and 6 months after treatment. SETTING: Patients were selected from an outpatient clinic of a VA Medical Center. PATIENTS: Ten patients (12 nerves) with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow confirmed by electrodiagnostic tests. INTERVENTIONS: Elbow splint was given to patients of both Groups A and B. A single dose of 40 mg triamcinolone plus 1 mL of 1% lidocaine was injected around the ulnar nerve at the elbow of Group A patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical evaluation of symptoms and signs, and ulnar motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were performed before, 1 month after, and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in symptoms in both groups at 1 and 6 months after treatment. Ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity across the elbow improved at 1 month in Group A only, but showed improvement at 6 months in both groups. There was no significant change in the other parameters either at 1 or 6 months in both groups. In comparing the differences between Groups A and B regarding the changes at 1 or 6 months after treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in all parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Splint application alone is adequate to improve the symptoms and ulnar nerve conduction across the elbow. The addition of a steroid injection did not provide further benefit in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of splinting on load distribution of extracoronal attachment with distal extension prosthesis in vitro.

Previous reports have suggested that the restoration of distal extension edentulous areas with an extracoronal precision attachment partial denture necessitates splinting of abutments. However, the number of splinted teeth remains controversial. In this study, strain gauge technology was used to monitor stresses induced around the abutment and in the distal extension area under different loads as a function of the number of splinted abutments. Three strain gauges were installed in the outer buccal, lingual, and distal surfaces of the abutment to record stresses in the three planes of motion, and another gauge was placed under the distal extension base. The reduction of the number of splinted units from three to two resulted in an insignificant increase of stresses recorded, whereas reduction of the number from two to one resulted in a significant increase of stresses nine times greater than the three-unit splint values. On the basis of this in vitro model, at least two teeth on each side should be splinted when extracoronal distal extension attachment prostheses are used.

Bite Force↗