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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary type IV collagenase: elevated levels are associated with bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Accumulating experimental evidence has linked the overproduction of extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases with tumor cell invasion. In the present study one member of the metalloproteinase family, type IV collagenase (M(r) 72,000 gelatinase), is shown to be elevated in the urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The form of the enzyme in the urine was studied by three independent methods: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western immunoblotting; and gelatin zymography. Immunoblotting revealed that the enzyme was present as a series of fragments, each retaining the amino terminus of the mature proenzyme. A prominent M(r) 43,000 fragment was associated with the transitional cell carcinoma cases. Zymography demonstrated that multiple enzyme species with gelatinase activity were present in urine and that high-molecular-weight bands of substrate lysis corresponded to complexes between type IV collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2. The total amount of type IV collagenase antigen was significantly elevated in the urine of 37 transitional cell carcinoma patients (range, 0-1081 ng/ml; mean, 318.4 +/- 147.3) compared to 19 normal controls (P < or = 0.004) and 17 inflammatory disease controls (P < or = 0.011). Immunohistochemical staining of bladder tumor biopsies verified that the transitional cell carcinoma cells were producing the M(r) 72,000 enzyme. Thus, M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase, which is present in the urine in many forms including fragments and complexes with inhibitors, may be a useful marker for bladder cancer diagnosis or prognosis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2003

[Scrotal ultrasonography. Part I: common non-cancerous pathologies].

Pathological processes of the scrotum are very numerous. They are composed by few common well known diseases and a large spectrum of rare lesions. The testis may be involved by some systemic diseases. Ultrasound is the main modality for scrotal imaging and complementary to clinical evaluation. When a tumoral process is suspected, surgery is required to confirm the diagnosis and provide histology. The role of MR remains under evaluation.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrovesical rare tumor: the schistosomial spermatocyst.

A case of large retrovesical tumor in a 50 year-old man is reported here. The diagnosis of schistosomial spermatocyst was made by histopathology. The authors underline the difficulty of the topographic diagnosis in large retrovesical masses.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Scrotal ultrasound.

Ultrasound has been shown to be a reliable and valuable tool in the diagnosis of scrotal abnormalities. In this article, a comprehensive discussion of scrotal abnormalities and their ultrasonographic appearance is presented, oriented toward common clinical presentations, and the present uses and indications of scrotal ultrasound are enumerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasonic evaluation of scrotal swellings.

The diagnostic value of ultrasonography for 101 scrotal swellings of 94 patients was assessed. The 101 swellings showed sonographically 87 extratesticular, 11 testicular and 3 combined lesions. This sonography was concluded to be a satisfactory diagnostic aid for scrotal cystic lesions, testicular tumors and the localization of scrotal lesions.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) of the scrotum--initial results and comparison with sonography. I: Normal anatomy and extratesticular pathology].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for precise assessment of all important anatomic structures of the scrotum. Because the differences in signal intensity on T2-weighted images are adequate and there is high detail and contrast resolution in surface coil technique, the delineation of normal and pathologic structures greater than 1 mm is possible. Imaging in the coronal plane is preferable to that in the axial and sagittal plane. Other advantages of MRI include the possibility of comparing both hemiscrota in one imaging plane and the assessment of the inguinal region. In addition, MRI is less dependent on the expertise of the investigator. For the assessment of extratesticular pathology, MRI has advantages over other imaging techniques - including sonography - since the delineation of pathologic changes is much clearer.

Epididymitis↗
PubMed1987

Surgery of scrotal contents.

Almost every scrotal operation may be done with local anesthesia. Occasionally general anesthesia may be elected, but the basic orientation to scrotal surgery should be with local anesthesia as long as the operation can be completed within 3 hours. The only scrotal operation for which I routinely elect general anesthesia is bilateral vasoepididymostomy because this is the only scrotal procedure that takes over 3 hours. Very rarely a scrotal hernia or a huge hydrocele obscures the cord, preventing administration of local anesthesia. Aside from these rare exceptions, I perform all scrotal surgery with local anesthesia. The use of preoperative sedation makes it possible for all patients to tolerate the small amount of discomfort associated with injection of a local anesthesic. Once the anesthetic is injected, scrotal surgery is painless. Regardless of the choice of local or general anesthesia, virtually all patients are discharged to home on the day of surgery. All scrotal surgery should be considered to be ambulatory surgery.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗