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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Soul food light: culturally competent diabetes education.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test effects of a culturally competent, dietary self-management intervention on physiological outcomes and dietary behaviors for African Americans with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A longitudinal experimental study was conducted in rural South Carolina with a sample of 97 adult African Americans with type 2 diabetes who were randomly assigned to either usual care or the intervention. The intervention consisted of 4 weekly classes in low-fat dietary strategies, 5 monthly peer-professional group discussions, and weekly telephone follow-up. The culturally competent approach reflected the ethnic beliefs, values, customs, food preferences, language, learning methods, and health care practices of southern African Americans. RESULTS: Body mass index and dietary fat behaviors were significantly lowered in the experimental group. At 6 months, weight decreased 1.8 kg (4 lb) for the experimental group and increased 1.9 kg (4.2 lb) for the control group, a net difference of 3.7 kg (8.2 lb). The experimental group reduced high-fat dietary habits to moderate while high-fat dietary habits of the control group remained essentially unchanged. A trend in reduction of A1C and lipids was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest the effectiveness of a culturally competent dietary self-management intervention in improving health outcomes for southern African Americans, especially those at risk due to high-fat diets and body mass index >or= 35 kg/mm(2). Given the burgeoning problem of obesity in South Carolina and the nation, the time has come to focus on aggressive weight management. Diabetes educators are in pivotal positions to assume leadership in achieving this goal for vulnerable, rural populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The human heart: vault of the soul or pump?

Medical causes that led to the development of artificial hearts are reviewed. Ventricular assist systems are compared with other designs. A discussion of the functioning and surgical implantation of Thermedics Corporation's ventricular assist pump provides a context for an analysis of technical challenges still to be solved.

Assisted Circulation↗
PubMed2004

The sin in the aetiological concept of Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843). Part 1: Between theology and psychiatry. Heinroth's concepts of 'whose being', 'freedom', 'reason' and 'disturbance of the soul'.

Throughout his work Johann Christian August Heinroth regarded sin to be the cause of mental illness. The present two-part paper investigates what exactly Heinroth understood by sin. Based on a thorough analysis of his own texts, this study shows that on the one hand Heinroth referred to sin in a Christian-Protestant sense. On the other, however, a moral-ethical code of conduct was also involved. Thus, Heinroth did not regard sin as a singular event, but rather as a life conducted in a wrong way for years or even decades, by which he meant a steady striving towards earthly, bodily satisfaction.

Germany↗
PubMed2004

The sin in the aetiological concept of Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843): Part 2: Self-guilt as turning away from reason in the framework of Heinroth's concept of the interrelationships between body and soul.

Throughout his work Johann Christian August Heinroth regarded sin to be the cause of mental illness. The present two-part paper investigates what exactly Heinroth understood by sin. Based on a thorough analysis of his own texts, this study shows that on the one hand Heinroth referred to sin in a Christian-Protestant sense. On the other, however, a moral-ethical code of conduct was also involved. Thus, Heinroth did not regard sin as a singular event, but rather as a life conducted in a wrong way for years or even decades, by which he meant a steady striving towards earthly, bodily satisfaction.

Disease Transmission, Infectious↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening the soul: communication regarding spiritual concerns among primary care physicians and seriously ill patients approaching the end of life.

The purpose of this study was to explore the spiritual concerns of seriously ill patients and the spiritual-care practices of primary care physicians (PCPs). Questionnaires were administered to outpatients (n=65, 90 percent response rate) with end-stage illness and to PCPs (n=67, 87 percent response rate) in a diverse general medicine practice. Most patients (62 percent) and PCPs (68 percent) considered it important that physicians attend to patients 'spiritual concerns. However, few patients reported receiving such care, and most (62 percent) did not think it was the PCP's job to talk about spiritual concerns. Although both seriously ill outpatients and PCPs assert the importance of spiritual concerns, PCPs often do not provide spiritual care. Appropriate provision of spiritual care within a diverse population of seriously ill outpatients is complex, necessitating appropriate and attentive screening.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Midwifery to the soul while the body dies: spiritual care among hospice nurses.

Because attitudes and beliefs about spiritual care have been linked with spiritual caregiving practices in previous research among non-hospice nurses, and because little is known about hospice nurses' attitudes and beliefs about spiritual care, this study explored such attitudes and beliefs among hospice nurses. Data were obtained from 641 Hospice Nurses Association members who completed the Spiritual Care Perspectives Survey and a demographic form. While respondents rather uniformly agreed that patients had spiritual needs and that it was appropriate for nurses to attend to such needs, attitudes about how a nurse should relate to patients' spirituality were variable. Education and indicators reflecting personal religiosity were associated with these hospice nurses' attitudes and beliefs about spiritual care.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The struggle for the soul of hospice: stress, coping, and change among hospice workers.

This article reports preliminary findings from an ongoing study of occupational stress, coping, and change among employees at a hospice in New York state. The study sought to identify those aspects of hospice work that direct-service and middle-management staff considered unique and rewarding, and also to examine those conditions that created problematic levels of stress. A qualitative methodology was employed, based on heuristic principles of grounded theory and action research. Techniques included field observation and participation, 38 semi-structured interviews, and group discussion and review of data by research participants. The authors elaborate upon established models of occupational stress and coping, and identify hospice-specific stressors and resources for coping. The research highlights "support" as a critically important, multidimensional element for successful coping. A re-examination and reinterpretation of "coping" as it applies to stress in hospice work is suggested.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2007

The soul of sorrow work: grief and therapeutic interventions with families.

The courage and willingness to walk alongside families in grief calls forth particular beliefs and practices in nurses and other health care professionals. In this second phase of a study on grief and grief interventions, the researchers examine experiences of bereaved family members who received care in a grief support program and explore program clinicians'explanations of the work that they do with the bereaved. Findings of this interpretive study suggest that it is not so much models of grief intervention but maps that most guide the clinicians--maps that are drawn out of experience and with awareness of their limitations. The family members and the clinicians bring us to an understanding that, often, it is the willingness to step off of the map that makes for the best traveling companion in the spiritual walk of grief.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Exploring heart and soul: effects of religiosity/spirituality and gender on blood pressure and cortisol stress responses.

The current study investigated gender effects on the influence of self-reported religiosity and spirituality on cardiovascular and cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor among young adults. Participants with higher composite religiosity/spirituality scores, religiosity, levels of forgiveness and frequency of prayer showed lower cortisol responses. Greater composite religiosity/spirituality, religiosity, frequency of prayer and attendance at services were associated with lower blood pressure in males and elevated blood pressure in females. Findings suggest that spiritual and/or religious individuals may experience a protective effect against the neuroendocrine consequences of stress, though cardiovascular benefits may vary by gender. This work represents an important step in the convergence of multiple realms of research by linking physiological measures with indicators of individual belief systems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Renovating the house of being: genomes, souls, and selves.

In recent years, the views of the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk about humanism and the biological self-engineering of mankind caused much turmoil in European intellectual circles. However, this is just one episode in a more general current controversy about the ethics of self-manipulation, a debate that often centers around the recent progress in genomics and the possibility of shaping human genetic structure. The complete sequencing of the human genome has reinforced this focus. Making the human genome the object of a highly visible world-wide research effort has reinforced popular notions stressing the centrality of the genome in defining individuality and humanity. As a result, proponents and opponents of the self-engineering of human nature have often concentrated on technologies related to the genome. However, if one compares "genome-based" and "brain-based" explanations of Self and behavior, it turns out that neural aspects of human nature are more directly relevant. Many philosophical and ethical questions traditionally raised about genetics and genomics acquire more relevance and urgency when re-examined in the context of neuroscience.

Bioethics↗