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PubMed1979

Crotamiton cream and lotion in the treatment of infants and young children with scabies.

Fifty hospitalized infants and small children in the age-group of 3 months to 2 years admitted with scabies were treated with 5 applications of either 10% crotamiton cream or lotion on consecutive days. In this trial, the second to be performed exclusively in infants and young children, an improvement in itching was observed in all patients within 3 days of starting the treatment and the examination on Day 7 showed absence of skin lesions in all patients. Crotamiton cream as well as lotion rendered a 100% cure rate. All patients, including those having secondary pyoderma and/or eczematization tolerated the treatment with crotamiton cream and lotion well and no adverse reactions, either due to the topical application or to the transcutaneous systemic absorption of crotamiton, were reported. Post-treatment laboratory investigations did not reveal any unwanted effect due to transcutaneous systemic absorption of crotamiton on the blood, kidneys or liver. Crotamiton is the only scabicide available today which displays not only antiprurtic but also marked antibacterial properties. It is especially indicated in the treatment of scabies in children as they are very prone to secondary bacterial infection following scratching. In view of its good efficacy and excellent tolerability the 5-application treatment schedule, with crotamiton cream applied to the whole body from the chin downward, can therefore be recommended as an optimum form of treatment for scabies in infants and young children.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Outbreak: 10 tips to make scabies scamper.

PROBLEM: Most nursing homes are aware of the pandemonium an outbreak of scabies can cause-the laundry alone occupies staff for days. Debilitated residents and those who have poor selfcare skills require considerable help with the activities associated with the eradication of Sarcoptes scabiei. How can a consultant pharmacist help? SOLUTION: Consultant pharmacists should cultivate a "high index of suspicion" for scabies. Scabies mites live their entire lives on the human host as obligate parasites. They are able to survive elsewhere for only up to 48 hours, making transmission via fomite (blankets, towels, or any object that can transmit infectious agents) possible, but unlikely. Transmission follows close personal contact, and passing contact like handshaking is insufficient to pass the mites. Crowded living conditions, such as those associated with emergency shelters, and close and repeated contact, like that which occurs in classrooms, fuel cluster outbreaks.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Psoroptic scabies in desert bighorn sheep (ovis Canadensis nelsoni) from northwestern Arizona.

Scabies due to infestation by Psoroptes ovis was monitored from 1979 through 1981 in Nelson's desert bighorn sheep in northwestern Arizona. Visual examinations for ear lesions and evaluations of ear scrapings were used to assess the prevalence of mites in sheep that were live-captured or killed during the hunting season. The prevalence of psoroptic scabies in live-captured sheep for the years 1979, 1980, and 1981, was 25%, 25%, and 0%, respectively, and was higher in rams (1979, 65%; 1980, 100%) than in ewes (1979, 11%; 1980, 0%). The severity of ear lesions was also greater in the males. The prevalence in harvested rams was 23%, 44%, and 7%, respectively, for the years 1979-1981. The severity of the ear lesions was highest in 1980. Lesions were confined to the ears. An aerial census of bighorns in the Black Mountains during May of 1981 showed a 38% decrease in total observations from the previous year and a drop in the ewe/lamb ratio from 0.52 in 1980 to 0.29 (P less than or equal to 0.01) in 1981. In the Lake Mead area, there was a population census decline of 33% in 1981 and a non-significant decline in the ewe/lamb ratio from 0.46 to 0.40. The population decline in 1981 and the increased prevalence and severity of psoroptic scabies in the 1980 survey in both areas were believed to be related to the high bighorn population densities in 1980 and the prevailing drought.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Use of ivermectin for the management of scabies in a nursing home.

Ivermectin was used for the treatment of a scabies outbreak in a nursing home. Among the 128 residents, 42 presented pruritus or cutaneous lesions and scabies was parasitologically demonstrated in seven patients. All residents were treated with two 12 mg doses of ivermectin given two weeks apart. Ivermectin treatment associated with procedures for environmental disinfection led to the control of the outbreak. In only one case, was there a failure of the treatment. It is concluded that oral ivermectin is an effective and practical therapy for scabies in nursing homes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Informational support of the scabies control system in Moscow].

The paper describes the basic elements of informational provision of the scabies control system in Moscow which are presented as 3 components (sections): statistic, dynamic, and prognostic. Comparing the statistic and dynamic components of informational flows allows one to predict (a prognostic component) the evolution of the scabies epidemiological situation and the most promising trends in the improvement of the scabies control system in Moscow.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Awareness about scabies among general medical practitioners (GPs) of Karachi, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the awareness of general medical practitioners (GPs) about scabies and to evaluate the differences in awareness, if any, between general medical practitioners graduated recently (last 10 years) and more than 10 years practicing in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A pre-tested questionnaire survey was conducted among 200 GPs through a cross-sectional study design and a descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: Present study showed that a substantial number of GPs have inadequate knowledge regarding causative organism of scabies. If responding correctly to 75% of questions asked, is taken as the criterion for satisfactory awareness, only 36% of GPs had a satisfactory level of awareness. There was no effect of increasing age or years of experience on the level of awareness. CONCLUSION: There is a general lack of knowledge regarding various aspects of scabies among GPs. Therefore, active intervention is required to improve their awareness.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pediatric scabies.

Scabies is an intensely pruritic dermatosis that is caused by a mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis. Scabies is highly contagious and may have the pathognomonic sign of burrows in addition to erythematous papules. These lesions are often excoriated. In addition to classic scabies, special forms with distinctive clinical features exist. A variety of topical medications are available to treat the infestation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical and scanning electron microscopic studies on Norwegian scabies infection].

Two typical cases of Norwegian scabies were studied clinically, scanning electron microscopically and histopathologically. Case 1 was a boy with Down's syndrome and case 2 was a man with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. Their clinical pictures showed hyperkeratotic plaques and warty crusts on hands, feet, ears, elbows and buttocks. Direct examination of the KOH preparation revealed many embryonated sarcoptic eggs, postpartum egg-shells, fecal pellets, larvae and male and female adult mites. Histopathologic examination showed several burrows inside the thick horny layer. Many sarcoptic egg-shells, mites and fecal pellets were found in the burrows. Psoriasiform hyperplasia and parakeratosis were noted, too. The size and shape of the sarcoptic eggs and the detailed structure of mites and molt were observed by using a scanning electron microscope. Besides, hook-like structures were noted at the tarsi of both forelegs and hindlegs. We suggest that the larvae crawl out from longitudinal openings in the egg-shell by the use of hook-like structures. The mites also used these hook-like structures to make the burrows. Scanning electron microscopy provides a good method to understand the dynamics of these burrowing parasites. It is helpful in illustrating the behavior of the scabies mites in their burrows in Norwegian scabies patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Scabies.

Scabies is highly contagious and is usually transmitted by direct personal contact. It typically presents as an intensely pruritic eruption. Atypical presentations are common in Norwegian scabies and in childhood scabies. Infestation is documented by visualizing the mite, its eggs or scybala on low-power microscopy. The treatment of choice is 5 percent permethrin cream, used in a single application at bedtime and removed the next morning.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2003

Ivermectin use in scabies.

Oral ivermectin is an effective and cost-comparable alternative to topical agents in the treatment of scabies infection. It may be particularly useful in the treatment of severely crusted scabies lesions in immunocompromised patients or when topical therapy has failed. Oral dosing may be more convenient in institutional outbreaks and in the treatment of mentally impaired patients. Ivermectin has been used extensively and safely in the treatment of other parasitic infections, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved the drug for the treatment of scabies infection. The safety of oral ivermectin in pregnant and lactating women and young children has yet to be established.

Antiparasitic Agents↗
PubMed2003

[Epidemio-clinical profile of human scabies through dermatologic consultation. Retrospective study of 1148 cases].

We report a retrospective study of all scabies cases collected in the department of Dermatology of Charles Nicolle Hospital during a 8 year-period (1993-2000). 148 cases of scabies were collected with a mean incidence of 144 new cases/year (65-204). Diagnosis was made clinically in all cases. Parasitological exam was done in case of doubtful diagnosis. Our purpose is to try to define an epidemio-clinical profile of scabies in Tunisia and to estimate the incidence of this parasitosis through our dermatological consultation with reviewing the literature data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Problems related to control of epidemic and persistent outbreaks of scabies].

Experience with control of epidemic and persistent outbreaks of scabies in collectives is presented. Both diagnosis and patient's compliance may pose problems. When diagnosing scabies, not only clinical symptoms but also the dynamics of the spread among persons in collective facilities such as social care and psychiatric in-patient centres should be taken into account and efficacy of the antiscabies medication should be followed up. If diagnosis of scabies is confirmed, it is crucial to prescribe an effective antiscabies medication and to ensure the patient's compliance with treatment, including thorough washing of the body each time before application of the medication, throughout the whole treatment period instead of treating only the symptoms of secondary eczema.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed2006

Crusted scabies: a clinical review.

Crusted scabies, a rare variant of classical scabies, is a highly contagious condition in which the skin is infected with thousands to millions of mites. It can be defined as a generalized severe scabies infestation usually affecting immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis is becoming more relevant with the increasing use of immunosuppressive medications and the HIV epidemic. To date, more than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. We present a review of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic considerations, and therapeutic options.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Crusted scabies in acquired selective IgA deficiency.

Crusted scabies, an unusual clinical variant of human scabies mite infestation, is usually reported in cases of gross debility, mental deficiency, or immunosuppression. We report here the occurrence of crusted scabies in a 40-year-old man with acquired selective IgA deficiency suspected to be caused by long-term medication with phenytoin for epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study of 5% permethrin cream and 1% lindane lotion for the treatment of scabies.

A multicenter, randomized, investigator-blind controlled trial was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of a single, whole-body application of 5% permethrin cream with that of 1% lindane lotion for the treatment of scabies in 467 patients. At 14 +/- 3 days after treatment, the mean active lesion count decreased from pretreatment levels of 85 (range, 4 to 600) in both treatment groups to 14 (range, 0 to 133) in the permethrin group and to 15 lesions (range, 0 to 500) in the lindane group. At 28 +/- 7 days after treatment, complete resolution had occurred in 181 (91%) of 199 patients treated with permethrin and in 176 (86%) of 205 patients given lindane. Pruritus due to scabies persisted at 28 +/- 7 days in 14% of the permethrin group and in 25% of the lindane group. The most frequent adverse effects were new or increased pruritus and mild, transient burning or stinging; the latter was slightly more frequent following permethrin treatment and appeared to be related to severity of infestation. Because of a lower potential for neurologic toxicity, permethrin may be preferable to lindane for the treatment of scabies particularly in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Office dermatologic testing: the scabies preparation.

Patients with scabies may present with urticarial, eczematous or excoriated papules, eczematous patches or, occasionally, nodules. It is often difficult to differentiate scabies from eczema, folliculitis, drug eruption or lichen planus. The classically described burrows are often not seen. The scabies preparation, as described in this article, will aid in making the proper diagnosis.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Norwegian scabies in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 6-month-old infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and typical scabies subsequently developed Norwegian scabies, with deterioration of clinical status. The infestation spread to several health care workers who were in close contact with the patient, despite standard isolation precautions. In the rapidly growing hospitalized pediatric AIDS population, Norwegian scabies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eczematous or seborrheic dermatitis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1982

Immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the skin and circulating immune complexes in scabies.

Sixteen patients with papulovesicular, 6 with nodular and one with a Norwegian scabies were studied. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) examination revealed C3 deposits in the skin lesions of 13 of the 18 patients. Among them were all 6 cases with nodular scabies. C3 was found mostly in dermal vessel walls and 3 of the patients also showed IgM and 2 IgA deposits at the same site. No circulating immune complexes were found, with a solid-phase C1q radioimmunoassay (RIA), but HSV- and RSV-RIA methods detected IgM antibodies of rheumatoid factor type in 5 of the 15 sera examined. These results suggest that local complement activation and perhaps also immune complex deposition may by important in the pathogenesis of the papular and nodular skin lesions of human scabies.

Adult↗