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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Health status of schoolchildren in industrially developed and rural areas of West Siberia].

Medical examinations of the schoolchildren living in West Siberian urban and rural ares have revealed a high prevalence of chronic diseases and functional abnormalities. Children referring to health groups I and II were not found. This makes it necessary to perform such studies as a component of medical and ecological monitoring and as the basis for children's health promotion.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Bite-force variation related to occlusal variation in rural and urban Punjabis (North India).

Occlusal variation from defined norms was much less in traditional rural youths eating a rough unprocessed diet. Bite forces were significantly higher in the rural youths; their habitual harder chewing may help to being about their better occlusal development. Rural youths showed stronger increase with age and sex dimorphism than urban youths in bite force; thus, rurally the development of masticatory and facial structures may depend on functional masticatory demand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nutritional impacts of an increasing fuelwood shortage in rural households in developing countries.

Developing countries face the problem of an increasing fuelwood shortage. For rural households, fuelwood is the main source of energy. As energy is essential to make food suitable for human consumption by means of cooking, the present fuelwood crisis could jeopardize the nutritional situation of rural households. This article reviews and analyses available data and information on the relationship between the availability of fuelwood and the nutritional situation of rural households. Based on analysis of emperical studies, three main strategies evolved by rural households, especially by the women within these households, to cope with a shortage of fuelwood can be distinguished: (i) increase in time and energy spent on fuelwood collection, (ii) substitution of fuelwood by alternative fuels and (iii) economizing on the consumption of fuelwood and alternative fuels. These coping-strategies affect food supply, food preservation, preparation and distribution, income generating activities and food consumption, all of which result in a decrease in quality and quantity of food consumed and in a deterioration of physical condition, especially women and their young children. Available data on fuelwood availability and nutrition are rather diffuse and incomplete. The presence of several confounding variables in the studies analysed make it difficult to establish the nutritional impact of a growing shortage of fuelwood. Nevertheless, it is concluded that a shortage of fuelwood plays at least an important role in changes in nutritional situation of rural households. If current trends continue, this role will become more important and evident. The impact of a growing fuelwood shortage should be a point of concern for rural development.

Cooking↗
PubMed1997

Rural health network development: public policy issues and state initiatives.

Rural health networks are a potential way for rural health care systems to improve access to care, reduce costs, and enhance quality of care. Networks provide a means for rural providers to contract with managed care organizations, develop their own managed care entities, share resources, and structure practice opportunities to support recruitment and retention of rural physicians and other health care professionals. The results of early network development initiatives indicate a need for state officials and others interested in encouraging network development to agree on common rural health network definitions, to identify clearly the goals of network development programs, and to document and analyze program outcomes. Future network development efforts need to be much more comprehensive if they are to have a significant impact on rural health care. This article analyzes public policy issues related to integrated rural health network development, discusses current efforts to encourage network development in rural areas, and suggests actions that states may take if they desire to support rural health network development. These actions include adopting a formal rural health network definition, providing networks with alternatives to certain regulatory requirements, and providing incentives such as matching grants, loans, or technical assistance. Without public sector support for networks, managed care options may continue to be unavailable in many less densely populated rural areas of the country, and locally controlled rural health networks are unlikely to develop as an alternative to the dominant pattern of managed care expansion by large urban entities. Implementation of Medicare reform legislation could provide significant incentives for the development of rural health networks, depending on the reimbursement provisions, financial solvency standards, and antitrust exemptions for provider-sponsored networks in the final legislation and federal regulations.

Antitrust Laws↗
PubMed2005

The Arkansas Southern Rural Access Program: strategies for improving health care in rural areas of the state.

Rural residents often have poorer health than their urban counterparts. Many factors, including the availability of rural health care providers, contribute to their poorer health status. The Arkansas Southern Rural Access Program offers innovative strategies for improving health care in rural areas of the state including assisting with recruitment and retention, developing rural health networks, nurturing rural health leaders, and facilitating the availability of development capital to enhance the rural health care infrastructure. This paper describes the program, its components and successes, as well as how these resources can be accessed by health care providers around the state.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1990

A model for urbanizing rural population and development measures: survey of a large specialized market in Xiliu town, Liaoning province.

The authors present an urbanization model using the example of Xiliu town in Liaoning province, China. Xiliu has developed from a rural commune into a large-scale clothing market during the period since 1979. "The purpose...is to show, by means of a survey conducted in the town, the characteristics and formative factors of the model and to discuss the prospect of and measures for furthering this development."

Asia↗
PubMed1991

Tropical forests: present status and future outlook.

Tropical forests still cover almost 8 million km squared of the humid tropics but they are being destroyed at ever-more rapid rates. In 1989, the area deforested amounted to 142,200 km squared, or nearly 90% more than in 1979. Thus, whereas the 1989 amounted total to 1.8% of the remaining biome, the proportion could well continue to rise for the foreseeable future, until there is little forest in just a few decades. Deforestati on patterns are far from even throughout the biome. In much of the Southeast and Southern Asia, East and West Africa, and Central America, there is likely to be little forest left by the year 2000 or shortly thereafter. But in the Zaire basin, western Brazilian Amazonia, and the Guyana highlands, sizeable expanses of forest could persist a good while longer. The main agent of deforestation in the 'shifted cultivator' or displaced peasant, who, responding to land hunger and general lack of rural development in traditional farming areas of countries concerned, feels there is no alternative but to adopt a slash-and-burn lifestyle in forestlands. This person is now accounting for at least 60% of deforestation, a rapidly expanding proportion. However, he receives far less policy attention than the commercial logger, the cattle rancher, and other agents of deforestation.

Africa↗
PubMed1990

[Village characteristics and population retention: the case of the Senegal River Valley].

This study is concerned with rural depopulation in Africa and the effectiveness of rural development efforts designed to decrease the outflow of population, using the example of the Senegal River Valley. "On the basis of the results of a study on population mobility of a hundred villages in the region, we analyse the relations between the characteristics of the villages and the retention of their populations. As well, a statistical analysis allows us to question certain assumptions about the capacity of development projects to slow down the population drain from the countryside." Data concern Senegal, Mali, and Mauritania. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Africa↗
PubMed1983

The Rural Area Project (RAP) in Thailand: curriculum development.

The Rural Area Project is a collaborative developmental project of Chulalongkorn University and the Ministry of Public Health in Thailand. The main objective of the project is to increase the number of doctors in the country in such a way that they would be posted in rural districts and have appropriate knowledge, skill and attitude for rural practice. Curriculum development for the project has been carried out to serve the project objective as well as to ensure that the project graduates are accepted as qualified doctors. Several principles and assumptions have been used as strategies in the developmental process. They include co-operative participation in curricular planning, systematic formulation of educational objectives, organization of common courses, utilization of existing health services, planning innovative courses in community medicine and general practice, extensive use of self-instructional modules, efficient use of teachers' time and planned gradual delegation of responsibility to students.

Community Medicine↗