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Runaways were randomly matched to a group of adolescent nonrunaways for age, sex, ethnicity and family structure. Empathy and positive regard were measured between adolescents and their parents. Runaways and their parents reported far less empathy and positive regard from each other as compared to the nonrunaways and their parents.
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An ethnographic study of boys in residential treatment reports on a small subsample of older adolescents diagnosed with conduct disorder. Attachment theory and research inform the basis for analysis of the study's observations. Findings indicate that conduct-disordered out-of-home care drifters display exceptionally clear patterns of alienation in relation to transitions from placement to placement. Implications of the findings for care and discharge planning are discussed.
It has been estimated that several million youngsters run away from home every year in the USA. The present research was conducted to determine the extent to which the escapist and throwaway runaways perceived their self-image. It focused on variables the runaways perceived as the most significant for them regarding perception of self. Results indicated that escapists tend to perceive themselves with greater self-worth, self-confidence, and self-motivation than did the throwaways. The latter Ss tend to perceive themselves with greater self-acceptance and self-depression compared to the former group, while both S groups had no significant difference in their perceptions of self-reliance.
One hundred and fifty-six homeless adolescents and 319 homeless adults interviewed directly on the streets and in shelters were compared for backgrounds of abuse, adaptations to life on the streets, and rates of criminal victimization when on the streets. Homeless adolescents were more likely to be from abusive family backgrounds, more likely to rely on deviant survival strategies, and more likely to be criminally victimized. A social learning model of adaptation and victimization on the streets was hypothesized. Although the model was supported for both homeless adults and adolescents, it was more strongly supported for adolescents than adults, and for males than females regardless of age.
This paper explores the individual developmental and family system factors associated with running away. In the model presented, the ability of youth to successfully individuate is tied to the overarching tolerances for autonomy and intimacy that exist within the family system. Running away, in this perspective, is viewed as a conflict-induced effort on the part of youth to evolve a differentiated self when embedded within an individuation-inhibiting family system.
In the present study findings from interviews on the background of street children in Pretoria, South Africa are presented, discussed, and compared with research done in the past on South African street children. Findings from the investigation indicate that the average age of South African street children is approximately 13 years, predominantly of male African origin. Most have been on the streets for three years or longer, and they cited family violence, parental alcoholism, abuse, and poverty as the main motivating factors for leaving home. Most of these findings are common among street children all over the world.
Data from a nationally representative sample of shelters for runaway and homeless youths (N = 160) were analyzed to determine shelter capacity, occupancy, and occupancy ratios. Analysis focused in particular on occupancy ratios by funding status, shelter size, metropolitan statistical area (MSA), season, and day of the week.
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