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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Seasonal patterns of rodents, fleas and plague status in the Western Usambara Mountains, Tanzania.

Field and commensal rodents were live-trapped at three villages in an active focus of plague (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis pestis) in Lushoto District, Western Usambara Mountains, Tanga Region, Tanzania, from December 1983 to November 1984. Their flea ectoparasites were collected, identified and counted. The rodent carcasses were serologically examined for specific plague antibodies and antigens, and bacteriologically examined for bipolar staining bacilli. A total of 1758 traps were set during the 12-month period and 924 animals were caught. From these, 1037 fleas were collected. Rattus rattus (L.), Praomys natalensis (Smith) and Lophuromys flavopunctatus Thomas comprised the largest proportions of the rodent population, while Dinopsyllus lypusus Jordan & Rothschild, Ctenophthalmus calceatus Waterston and Xenopsylla brasiliensis (Baker) were the dominant flea species. Rodents were most abundantly trapped during December and January. Flea indices were highest from December to May. Human plague was most active from November to March. Rodents contained plague antibodies every month except May and July, with a peak in September. Plague antigens and bipolar bacilli were detected in rodent organs during January-April. From the product of abundance and infection rate, the most prevalent rodent hosts of plague appeared to be R. rattus, Otomys angoniensis Wroughton, P. natalensis and Pelomys fallax (Peters). Continuous integrated control of rodents and fleas was recommended, reinforced by quarantine and maintenance of a surveillance service for clinical detection, diagnosis and treatment of patients in the plague endemic area.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Trials of the rodenticide pyriminil against wild house mice (Mus musculus L.).

Pen field trials were conducted to assess the performance of the acute rodenticide pyriminil against the house mouse (Mus musculus L.). Four types of poison treatment were carried out using penned family groups of warfarin-resistant mice supplied with alternative plain foods. In each treatment pyriminil was included at 2% in a wholemeal flour/pinhead oatmeal/corn oil bait. Mortality was highest (46/54; 85.2%) when poison bait was offered for 4 days following 3 days of pre-baiting. The same pre-baiting and poisoning technique was adopted in five field trials carried out against mice infesting farm buildings. The efficacy of each poison treatment was estimated from the results of pre- and post-treatment census baitings; treatment success ranged between 53.7% and 96.7%, mean 80.5%. It is concluded that pyriminil treatments are best carried out after a period of pre-baiting and that when pyriminil is used in this manner it is about as effective as zinc phosphide for the control of mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Activity of various enzymes, BSP tests and blood serum protein fractions of workers of disinfection, de-insectization and deratization plants].

Serous activity of AspAT, A1AT, LDH, GLDH, AP, ChE was checked, and BSP retention and protein level as well as its electrophoretic division were determined in 42 DDD Plant workers. The subject group was divided into subgroups depending on the degree of exposure to various chemicals and length of occupational exposure. In a considerable percentage of subjects, changes in serous activity of the enzymes concerned and defective BSP retention were found. The biochemical parameters were analysed and a possibility was enhanced of the occurrence of subacute poisonings changing into chronic ones, including liver parenchyma lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Functions of the frontal cortex of the rat: a comparative review.

This review summarizes the anatomical and functional organization of the frontal cortex of the rat in comparison to primates. Lesions of the primary motor or of the prefrontal cortex of both primates and rodents produce a consistent constellation of symptoms that are strikingly similar across species as diverse as rats and humans. Thus, in spite of the tremendous difference in the relative volume of the frontal cortex of mammals, as well as the obvious diversity of behavioral repertoires across mammalian phylogeny, there appears to be a remarkable unity in frontal cortex function across the class mammalia. Hence, motor and prefrontal lesions produce analogous alterations in motor control in rodents and primates even though humans walk upright and have fine control of digit movement and rats walk on all fours and have less dextrous control of distal movements. Similarly, there are analogous changes in behaviors that can be labeled response inhibition, temporal ordering, spatial orientation, social or affective behavior, behavioral spontaneity, olfaction and habituation following prefrontal cortex lesions in both primates and rodents. Finally, it is proposed that the principal function of the prefrontal cortex of mammals is the temporal organization of behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Field trials of flocoumafen against warfarin-resistant infestations of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk.).

The anticoagulant rodenticide flocoumafen was tested against warfarin-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) infesting farm buildings. Complete control was obtained in 10-21 days (mean 14.2 days) in six treatments in which baits poisoned with 0.005% flocoumafen were maintained, in surplus, until rats ceased to feed from them. A further six treatments, in which the application of poisoned bait was restricted to periodic placements of 50 g, were also completely successful in 15-30 days (mean 21.0 days). Less poisoned bait was used in the restricted flocoumafen treatments than in the unrestricted treatments but the time taken to control the rat infestations was significantly longer.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed1981

Field trials of bromadiolone against infestations of warfarin-resistant Rattus norvegicus.

Baiting with 0.005% bromadiolone in medium oatmeal or soaked wheat completely controlled infestations of warfarin-resistant rats on farms when surplus amounts of the poisoned baits were maintained until rats ceased to feed on them. The speed with which control was achieved was the same as with other anticoagulants that have been tested in this way.Poison baiting with 0.005% bromadiolone for only 1, 4 or 7 days achieved respectively about 49, 77 and 81% control of similar farm rat infestations.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗