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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Microbial degradation of carbosulfan by carbosulfan--and carbofuran-retreated rice soil suspension.

The role of microorganisms in the degradation of carbosulfan (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl-(di-n-butyl)-aminosulfenyl++ + methyl carbamate), an analogue of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl-N-methyl carbamate) was studied by selective enrichment of microorganisms degrading either or both insecticides by repeated application of the insecticides, individually or in combination to flooded soil. Soil suspension from the pots treated with carbosulfan and carbofuran, individually or in combination collected after two applications, effected distinctly more rapid hydrolysis of carbosulfan than did the suspension from untreated pots or the uninoculated medium. The rate of hydrolysis was further accelerated by soil suspensions collected after six applications of the insecticides in the order carbosulfan treated > carbofuran treated > carbosulfan + carbofuran treated. The ability of treated and untreated suspension to degrade carbofuran was also studied. The rate of degradation of carbofuran by the suspension was in the order carbofuran retreated > carbosulfan + carbofuran retreated > carbosulfan retreated soil. Further involvement of microorganism in the rapid degradation of carbosulfan was confirmed by testing the degradation in sterilized and nonsterilized enrichment culture.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

Radioiodine uptake following iodine-131 therapy for Graves' disease: an early indicator of need for retreatment.

Forty-five patients with Graves' disease were studied prospectively to determine if 24-hour I-131 uptake measurements alone or in combination with serum thyroid hormone levels at six weeks would determine the necessity for retreatment of the thyrotoxicosis. All patients with an I-131 uptake greater than 30% at six weeks required retreatment. No patient with an I-131 uptake of less than 15% required retreatment. Patients with uptakes between 15% and 30% were variable. An elevated free thyroxin index at 6 weeks is not helpful to determine which patients will remain thyrotoxic. Patients with a free thyroxin index within the normal range at six weeks can be predicted to be euthyroid by 12 weeks if their 24-hour I-131 uptake is between 15% and 30% and to be hypothyroid if their 24-hour I-131 uptake is below 15%. There was no difference between patient groups treated initially with antithyroid medication and those who were not.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of ultrasonography and oral cholecystography in lithotripsy. II. Determining retreatment.

Both ultrasonography (US) and oral cholecystography (OCG) are being used to evaluate patients after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for gallstones. Criteria for retreatment after the initial ESWL are usually related to the size of the residual fragments. This study examines the efficacy of ultrasound and OCG for determining both the size and number of stone fragments in the gallbladder in an in vitro model and in patients. Ultrasonography and OCG examinations using an in vitro ESWL phantom with ten groups of stones, and on 39 patients, were reviewed independently by three radiologists to determine both the size and number of stone fragments. For the in vitro study, the three readers estimated the correct number of fragments, or the next closest range, in 87% of observations by OCG and in 43% by US. The size of the largest fragment was measured within 1 mm of its actual size in 87% of observations by OCG and 20% by US. Correlation coefficients for the mean measurements of the three readers versus the actual fragment size and number were greater for OCG than for US. For the in vivo study, the three readers agreed in 47% of the OCG versus 32% of US examinations with respect to the number of fragments, and in 65% of OCG compared to 40% of US studies with respect to size of the largest fragment. Multiple statistical analyses demonstrate that these differences are statistically significant. A discrepancy among the readers concerning whether a patient was eligible for retreatment occurred in 15% of OCG as compared to 45% of US studies. Both the in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that there is more interobserver reproducibility for OCG than for US, and that OCG is more reliable in making the decision concerning patient eligibility for retreatment following lithotripsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Survival and retreatment need of abutment teeth in patients with overdentures: a retrospective study.

The retreatment need was assessed in 148 patients wearing 125 overdentures in the mandible and 56 in the maxilla. The total number of abutment teeth was 512. During the evaluation period 44 abutments were extracted. The endpoints of the survival analysis after 6 yr were 89%, taking the loss of all abutments as the failure criterion for overdentures. During the clinical examination it was found that 31% of the abutments needed treatment while the retrospective part showed a mean yearly restoration need of 17.5%. Caries was the most important reason for retreatment. These data demonstrated that patients with overdentures should be regarded as high risk patients for retreatment of abutments. Therefore a stringent maintenance program, including regular recall appointments and the application of a preventive regimen, is desirable.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Retreatment for relapse following desipramine discontinuation in dysthymia.

OBJECTIVE: It is an accepted yet unproven belief that prior favorable response to an antidepressant medication predicts good response to the same antidepressant during a subsequent depressive episode. The authors studied desipramine retreatment for dysthymic patients who had responded to desipramine during acute and continuation treatment and then subsequently relapsed after discontinuation of desipramine. METHOD: The subjects were 12 patients who had pure dysthymia or dysthymia with major depression who relapsed while taking placebo during maintenance treatment. Each patient received open desipramine treatment at a dose equal to or greater than that received during the continuation phase. RESULTS: Eleven (91.7%) of the 12 relapsed patients achieved full remission after an average of 4.7 weeks (range = 2-8 weeks, median = 4 weeks) of desipramine retreatment, a significant response rate. CONCLUSIONS: Positive response to desipramine strongly predicts favorable response to retreatment for depressive relapse following desipramine discontinuation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and patients in retreatment.

Retreatment of tuberculosis involves the management of entities as diverse as relapse, failure, treatment after default, and poor patient adherence to the previous treatment. The emergence of conditions for selection of resistance (failure and partial abandonment) is a matter of great concern. The development of a retreatment regimen for tuberculosis requires consideration of certain basic premises. The importance of a comprehensive and directed history of drugs taken in the past, and the limited reliability of susceptibility tests to many of these drugs, should be kept in mind. Taking this into account, and possessing a thorough knowledge of all anti-tuberculosis medications, it is possible to cure almost all patients with an appropriate retreatment regimen including a minimum of three or four drugs not previously used. Nonetheless, the treatment of these patients is so complex that it should only be carried out by experienced staff. Concern about treating tuberculosis patients with drug resistance varies greatly depending on the available resources. High-income countries should provide individual treatment regimens adapted to each patient; however, in other settings, restricted resources could justify the implementation of standardised therapeutic guidelines with second-line drugs in order to facilitate management and reduce costs.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed1977

Retreatment in periodontal practice.

Periodontal disease has a greater or lesser tendency to recur. The therapist controls rather than cures the condition. Careful maintenance is as important as skillful original treatment if periodontal health is to be maintained. At the time of the original treatment, every patient should be informed that retreatment of some type is occasionally necessary. Patients with recurrence of disease should be treated as conservatively as possible and every effort should be made to find the cause of failure. Surgical retreatment should be done only after a reasonable effort has been made to improve the situation by other means. The deepened crevice that does not bleed when probed and is not accompanied by bone loss does not provide justification for surgical retreatment. This report has reviewed some of the reasons for treatment failures and has presented a philosophy for their management.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1995

Occurrence of Graves' disease during retreatment with interferon-alpha 2a for chronic hepatitis C.

The present report describes a patient who developed Graves' disease 3 months after inception of retreatment with higher doses of interferon-alpha 2a for chronic hepatitis C, although the initial 6-month treatment caused no serious adverse reactions. Severe hyperthyroidism continued despite discontinuation of interferon-alpha 2a, and the patient was subsequently treated with 131I. This case suggests careful evaluation of the safety of retreatment to prevent manifestation of such a complication in the retreatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Retreatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) at relapse following CdA-induced remission: no acquired resistance.

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) initially responds well to treatment with alkylating agents, but subsequently resistance may develop. We recently showed that the nucleoside analogue 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) produce a high remission rate in previously treated patients with symptomatic CLL. We report here the results of retreatment with CdA given to 6 previously CdA-treated patients who had progression off therapy. Two initially had a complete remission and 4 a partial remission. The median time from the start of initial CdA-treatment to retreatment was 19 months (range 8-28 mos). The tumor cell response to CdA was assessed by calculating the elimination rate of circulating leukemia cells. The lymphocyte half-life varied in the different patients, but was similar in all six patients when comparing the first CdA-course with CdA-treatment at relapse, with a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.89. However, the toxicity towards thrombopoiesis was greater at relapse than during the initial treatment in four of the six patients. CLL cells do not seem to acquire resistance to CdA, but retreatment with CdA at relapse following CdA-induced remission is hampered by more severe drug-related cytopenia. Thus, the quality of subsequent reduced, despite continuing sensitivity of the leukemia cells to CdA.

2-Chloroadenosine↗
PubMed2006

Retreatment of LASIK.

PURPOSE: To review the indications, techniques, and results of retreatment LASIK. METHODS: Review of the literature and the authors' experience. RESULTS: Patient selection is the key to successful LASIK enhancement. The enhancement procedure should generally be undertaken 3 months after the initial LASIK procedure. Relifting of the flap may be done easily within 1 year of previous LASIK surgery. A new LASIK flap is required in cases with previously complicated LASIK. LASIK retreatment by lifting the flap is an effective and safe procedure. Overall improvement is seen in uncorrected visual acuity (> or = 20/20 and > or = 20/40) and postoperative spherical equivalent refraction within +/- 0.5 D and +/- 1.0 D. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK retreatment is an effective modality to treat regressions and residual refractive errors.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Retreatment of patients who do not respond to initial therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

Despite improvements in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, nearly half of all patients do not respond to initial therapy. Retreatment of these patients with pegylated interferon and ribavirin has been successful in only a limited percentage of cases. Factors associated with sustained virologic response (SVR) following retreatment include prior treatment with interferon monotherapy, HCV genotype 2 or 3, a low serum HCV RNA level, and the absence of cirrhosis. Fewer than 6% of nonresponders who were previously treated with interferon and ribavirin and who have cirrhosis, genotype 1, and a high viral load achieve SVR following retreatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. No therapy has been shown to yield SVR in patients who do not respond to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Long-term maintenance therapy with pegylated interferon is currently being evaluated in nonresponders with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Its use should be considered investigational at this time.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Palliative retreatment of locally-recurrent lung cancer after radical radiotherapy.

Twenty-two patients who had received high-dose radiotherapy (50-60 Gy) for non-small-cell lung cancer were retreated with palliative radiotherapy for symptoms that were due to locally recurrent disease. Twelve of the 23 (one patient was retreated twice) repeat courses produced symptomatic benefit. One patient developed spinal-cord injury after retreatment, but this was probably not related to the second course. There were no other serious complications, even though total tumour doses as high as 120 Gy were achieved. This experience demonstrates that repeated courses of radiotherapy can be given successfully and safely in spite of previous radical dosage.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Retreatment after PRK for low and medium myopia. Results and study of contrast sensitivity].

PURPOSE: To examine the results of retreatment with eximer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on refraction, visual acuity, haze, and contrast sensitivity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy was performed in 18 patients, once for one eye and twice for the other eye due to undercorrection or regression. Outcome was compared between the two eyes. RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity was above 20/40 in 94.4% of the retreated eyes. There was no statistical difference between the two eyes for haze and contrast sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Retreatment with laser photorefractive keratectomy is a safe procedure and should be performed when regression or undercorrection occurs after the first laser excimer treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[The role of tetracycline in the retreatment after Helicobacter pylori eradication failure].

BACKGROUND: To study the effect of second-line treatment with tetracycline (T) combination therapy in patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection after failure of triple one-week therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole (O) with amoxycillin (A) and claritromycin (C) or metronidazole (M). METHODS: Three hundred twenty-five naive patients (146 males, 179 females, mean age 50, range 18-76), with H. pylori infection, were randomised to receive one-week triple therapy b.i.d. with O 20 mg; A 1 g; C 500 mg (OAC7 163 pts) or O 20 mg; A 1 g; M 500 mg (OAM7 162 pts). H. pylori status was determined before therapy by histology and 3 months after the end of treatment by C-13 urea breath test (UBT). When eradication did not occur, the patients were retreated with OTA7: O 20 mg b.i.d.; T 500 mg t.i.d. and A1 g b.i.d. for another week. H. pylori was assessed by C-13 UBT 3 months after the end of retreatment. Statistical analysis was done by c2 and Student t test. RESULTS: Three hundred and ten patients have completed the study with compliance >95%: 15 patients complained of side effects (diarrhea, nausea, urticaria, abdominal pain): 9 group OAC7, 6 group OAM7. After the first treatment h. pylori eradication were obtained in 124/154 (80.5%) (PP) OAC7 group and 123/156 (78.8%) (PP) OAM7 group (ns). 49/63 patients (77.7%) were negative after second-line treatment with OTA7 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: In personal experience the drug compliance was excellent. The rate of eradication after one-week therapy-omeprazole combined with A+C or with A+M-was satisfactory. The retreatment with tetracycline combination regimen cured 77.7% of patients: that seems to be a promising options, in clinical practice, after an eradication failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Canadian survey to determine the rate of drug resistance to isoniazid, PAS and streptomycin in newly detected untreated tuberculosis patients and retreatment cases.

In 1975, a survey was carried out in Canada to determine the primary and acquired drug resistance of M. tuberculosis isolates to isoniazid (INH), para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and streptomycin. The results of this investigation were compared with those of the primary drug resistant study of Armstrong, undertaken in 1963-64. It revealed that primary drug resistance has increased from 4.9% to 6.3%. The increase is mainly due to immigrants having arrived in this country during the last 12 years. In these newcomers the primary resistance rate was 11.5%. Moreover, 57.8% of the immigrants examined in the survey were of Asian origin, with a drug resistance rate of 11.7%, while 15.6% had arrived from South Europe with a resistant ratio of 16.7%. In retreatment cases, the national average of drug resistance was 26.4%. Among the Canadian provinces, the highest drug resistance rate in retreatment patients (40%) was found in Quebec. While in primary resistance Streptomycin exhibited the highest incidence, in retreatment cases isoniazid resistance proved to be more frequent. In natives, the rates and patterns of primary and acquired resistance were very similar to those observed in other Canadian born patients.

Aminosalicylic Acid↗
PubMed2004

[Root canal retreatment or surgical apicoectomy?].

Failure of root canal therapy is usually due to re-infection of the root canal system. In most of these cases, an endodontic retreatment is indicated. Patients with persisting apical periodontitis frequently are referred to an oral surgeon for apical surgery, although endodontic retreatment would have been possible in a majority of these cases. When endodontic retreatment is not possible or does not resolve the patient's problems, surgical apicoectomy or extraction might be the only possibilities left. Apical surgery is usually performed by an oral sugeon or by a specially trained dentist. In most surgical clinics beveled resection, followed by an preparation and restoration is performed. New developments, such as microscopic sugery, ultrasonic preparation and newly developed restorative materials are described in this article. Since there is a lack of well-designed comparative clinical studies, no definite conclusions can be drawn with regard to the clinical value of these modern techniques.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed2005

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) retreatment in patients on CD4-guided therapy achieved similar virologic suppression compared with patients on continuous HAART: the HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration 001.4 study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of 2 intermittent treatment strategies compared with continuous therapy for patients with virologic suppression on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at baseline. DESIGN: Seventy-four nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) pretreated patients with an HIV RNA level <50 copies at screening were randomized to continuous treatment, CD4-guided treatment, or week-on-week-off treatment with 2 NRTIs plus 1600 mg/100 mg of saquinavir/ritonavir once daily. At week 96 (end of the randomized phase of the study), all patients were given continuous HAART for 12 weeks to week 108. Primary outcomes were the proportion of patients with a CD4 count >350 cells/microL and HIV RNA level <400 copies/mL at week 108. METHODS: Patients were followed up every 12 weeks for CD4 count, HIV RNA level, and clinical and laboratory toxicities. In the CD4-guided arm, treatment was stopped and restarted using a CD4 count threshold (above or below 350 cells/microL or reduction of 30%). RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were enrolled with a median CD4 count of 644 cells/microL before the structured treatment interruption (STI). The week-on-week-off arm (n=26) was discontinued at week 72 because of high rates (46%) of HIV RNA rebound above 50 copies/mL. In the continuous arm, 25 (100%) of 25 patients and 24 (96%) of 25 patients had an HIV RNA level <400 copies/mL and <50 copies/mL, respectively, at week 108, and 96% had a CD4 count above 350 cells/microL, with a median CD4 count of 661 cells/microL. Patients in the CD4-guided arm had a significantly lower median CD4 count (489 cells/microL) than the patients in the continuous arm (P=0.03), but all had a CD4 count above 350 cells/microL and 1 had a new HIV-related illness. At week 108, 21 (91%) of 23 patients and 13 (57%) of 23 patients had an HIV RNA level <400 copies/mL and <50 copies/mL, respectively. Those who did not achieve an HIV RNA level <50 copies/mL had a higher HIV RNA load before retreatment, and 4 of 5 patients subsequently achieved viral suppression after an additional 12 weeks of HAART (week 120). Therefore, 17 (94%) of 18 evaluable CD4-guided arm patients achieved viral suppression after retreatment. Antiretroviral (ARV) side effects were similar in all arms. CD4-guided treatment had a 54% ARV cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that CD4-guided HAART is a well-tolerated and cost-saving treatment strategy for patients with high pre-ARV and pre-STI CD4 counts. Week-on-week-off treatment had a high virologic failure rate and was discontinued. The HIV RNA suppression rate was similar in patients treated with continuous HAART and in those retreated with 12 to 24 weeks of HAART after CD4-guided therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Laser trabeculoplasty retreatment.

Thirty-seven eyes of 30 patients classified as late treatment failures following 360 degrees of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) underwent retreatment of the trabecular meshwork. Retreatment was considered successful if the intraocular pressure was maintained at 21 mm Hg or below and if the visual fields and optic nerve remained stable. By the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis the rates of success were: 100% at 3 months, 91% at 6 months, 77% at 9 months; 70% at 1 year, and 47% at 16 and 20 months. The mean decrease in intraocular pressure 1 month after retreatment was 6.5 +/- 4.9 mm Hg (from 23.9 to 17.5). Three patients followed for 3 years or longer had a mean decrease of -5.67 mm Hg. Repeat argon laser trabeculoplasty appears to be a reasonable treatment option for selected patients who are late failures after initial treatment.

Aged↗