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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Reproduction, endocrine disorders and celiac disease: risk factors of osteoporosis].

In genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD) is permanent intolerance to gluten. Besides the overt enteropathy, there are clinical and subclinical forms which appear later in life; target organs include liver, thyroid, skin and reproductive systems. CD interference is related to the different concurrent genetic-environmental factors, showing multifactorial nature. CD induces malabsorption with consequent deficiencies of micronutrients essential for organogenesis, spermatogenesis and bone structure, such as vitamin D and calcium. In fact, among extraintestinal manifestations of CD, osteoporosis deserves attention because it can be a sign of silent CD. In celiac patients' serum, cytochinic imbalance related to bone loss is present; in vitro these sera act on the osteoblastic activity. The IL-1b is also present in celiac patients' relatives, confirming the genetic predisposition to its etiopathogenesis which is also regulated by endocrine-environmental factors. In females, CD acts indirectly on the bone, determining early menopause and amenorrhea. Even frequent pregnancies and long periods of lactation can bring to bone loss; in such periods, silent CD can appear, suggesting the presence of endocrine-immunology factors. In celiac males, osteoporosis presence, besides calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, is associated to growth hormone deficit and hypogonadism, which is related to hyperprolactinemia, endocrine factors which affect the reproduction. Osteoporosis is relevant among the elderly and vitamin D and calcium supplementations are important to people diagnosed with CD later in life. Thus, to prevent damages such as osteoporosis, early CD screening among people with reproductive problems is necessary.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1996

[ELISA in the determination of antiphosphatidylserine antibodies].

Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) are a group of antibodies against various phospholipid antigens. In order to extend the spectrum of examined specificities of antiphospholipid antibodies the authors elaborated an ELISA method for assessment of antiphosphatidyl serine antibodies (APSA). As antigen they used phosphatidyl serine isolated from the white matter of cattle brain. The ELISA method was tested by examining APSA in 12 patients with rheumatic diseases, 24 women with reproductive disorders and 50 patients with testicular tumours and the results were compared with examinations of anticardiolipin antibodies. The concurrent presence of both types of antibodies was recorded in 20.8% women with reproductive disorders and in 14% of the patients with testicular tumours. In these groups antiphosphatidyl serine antibodies were found more frequently.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Prevalence and presentation of hyperprolactinaemia in patients with "functionless" pituitary tumours.

Serum-prolactin concentrations were measured in 111 patients who had radiological abnormalities of the pituitary but no evidence of acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, or Nelson's syndrome. Raised prolactin levels were found in 45 of 64 (70%) patients studied before treatment and in 15 of 47 patients studied after pituitary surgery. The majority of hyperprolactinaemic patients presented with amenorrhoea or impotence; galactorrhoea was uncommon. By contrast, reproductive disorders were rare in patients with normal prolactin levels. It is concluded that pituitary tumours previously described as "functionless" are frequently associated with hypersecretion of prolactin and that such tumours usually present as reproductive disorders. In the investigation of patients with amenorrhoea or impotence serum-prolactin should be measured and skull radiology performed if the prolactin level is raised. Prolactin should be measured in all patients with abnormal pituitary X-rays both before and after pituitary surgery.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2004

Energy balance and body composition in sports and exercise.

Many athletes, especially female athletes and participants in endurance and aesthetic sports and sports with weight classes, are chronically energy deficient. This energy deficiency impairs performance, growth and health. Reproductive disorders in female athletes are caused by low energy availability (defined as dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure), perhaps specifically by low carbohydrate availability, and not by the stress of exercise. These reproductive disorders can be prevented or reversed by dietary supplementation in compensation for exercise energy expenditure without any moderation of the exercise regimen. Energy balance is not the objective of athletic training. To maximize performance, athletes strive to achieve an optimum sport-specific body size, body composition and mix of energy stores. To pursue these objectives, athletes need to manage fat, protein and carbohydrate balances separately, but it is impractical for athletes to monitor these balances directly, and appetite is not a reliable indicator of their energy and macronutrient needs. To guide their progress, athletes need to eat by discipline and to monitor specific, reliable and practical biomarkers of their objectives. Skinfolds and urinary ketones may be the best biomarkers of fat stores and carbohydrate deficiency, respectively. Research is needed to identify and validate these and other markers.

Body Composition↗
PubMed2002

Reproductive diseases of pet bird species.

Avian reproductive disorders are reviewed in this article. They are a result of a complex combination of hormonal, physiologic and behavioral actions reacting to photoperiods, food availability and availability of nest sites. Some of the common reproductive disorders seen in companion birds, and methods applicable to their diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Electromagnetic poles and reproduction].

The authors review epidemiological data concerning the relationship between reproduction disorders and the exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by power lines, industrial power-charged devices, diagnostic and therapeutical appliances, video display terminals (VDTs) and electric household devices. The studies involved the analysis of the EMF effect on female and male reproduction, including the risk of spontaneous abortion, still birth and premature birth, low birth weight and congenital malformations as well as on the progeny gender proportion, among persons employed under the condition of EMF exposure. It was observed that the findings were frequently inconsistent, i.e. under the same conditions of EMF exposure some date indicated its negative effect on the reproduction process and some did not. No data confirming an acute effect of occupational exposure to EMF on the risk of spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, congenital malformations or other reproduction disorders were obtained, however, the negative effect of EMF cannot be explicitly excluded.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2002

Characterisation of the repeat breeding syndrome in Swedish dairy cattle.

Repeat breeding (RB), defined as cows failure to conceive from 3 or more regularly spaced services in the absence of detectable abnormalities, is a costly problem for the dairy producer. To elucidate the occurrence of RB in Swedish dairy herds and to identify risk factors of the syndrome totally 57,616 dairy cows in 1,541 herds were investigated based on data from the official Swedish production-, AI- and disease-recording schemes. The characteristics of the RB syndrome were studied on both herd and individual cow level. The effects of risk factors on the herd frequency of RB were studied by logistic regression. A generalised linear mixed model with logit link, and accounting for herd-level variation by including a random effect of herd, was used to study the individual animal risk for RB. The total percentage of RB animals was 10.1% and the median proportion of RB animals in the herds studied was 7.5%. The proportion of RB cows in herds increased with decreased herd sizes with decreased average days from calving to first AI, with increased herd incidence of clinical mastitis, with decreased reproductive disorders, and increased other diseases treated by a veterinarian. On animal level, the risk factors were milk yield, lactation number, difficult calving or dystocia, season at first service, days in milk at first service and veterinary treatment for reproductive disorders before the first service. Cows being an RB animal in the previous lactation had a higher risk of becoming an RB animal also in the present lactation. In conclusion our results show that the repeat breeding syndrome is a multifactorial problem involving a number of extrinsic factors as well as intrinsic factors coupled to the individual animal.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Serum haptoglobin concentration in cattle.

To obtain a basal concentration of serum Haptoglobin (Hp) in cattle in Taiwan, Hp concentrations were measured from serum samples collected from 10 healthy heifers, every week for one year. The values were also compared with those collected from 15 cows diagnosed with postpartum metritis. The heifers were successfully impregnated by artificial insemination six months after the tests. Hp concentrations were also measured in the serum collected from 11 other cows within 3 weeks after parturition. The Hp assay developed in this study gave a good correlation (r=0.893)with Western blotting. The Hp concentration of 454 serum samples from the 10 heifers had a mean value of 83.6 +/- 34.1 mg/l, and there was no significant difference among individual heifers. The basal value of Hp in heifers was calculated as less than 73.6 mg/l. No significant difference in Hp concentration was observed among the 10 heifers during cold and warm seasons (19.8 +/- 2.2 degrees C vs 27.3 +/- 1.4 degrees C), or before and after pregnancy. The mean serum Hp concentration from cows suffering from postpartum reproductive disorders was 1133.5 +/- 627.1 mg/l, which was significantly greater than the serum of healthy heifers and postpartum cows (104.6 +/- 61.0 mg/l) (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that Hp concentration may be a useful indicator for cows with postpartum reproductive disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of estrogens on the development of the testis during fetal and neonatal life].

Estrogens are classically known to play a major role in female reproduction but there is now compelling evidence that they may also be involved in the regulation of male reproductive function. In humans, a decrease in sperm count and an increase in the incidences of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and hypospadia have been observed in many countries over the last 50 years. Male reproductive alterations were also observed in wildlife. Such male reproductive disorders have been attributed to the increase in concentration of xenobiotics, and of xenoestrogens in particular, in the environment and in food. Epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies have suggested that excessive exposure to estrogens during fetal/neonatal life can lead to reproductive disorders in adulthood. Using an in vitro model we showed that estrogens directly affected the development of the fetal testis and we evidenced the existence of periods of sensitivity throughout development. Lastly, we clearly demonstrated that the fetal and neonatal testis is very sensitive to estrogens since the invalidation of estrogen receptor alpha leads to an increase of steroidogenesis and the invalidation of estrogen receptor beta enhances the development of the germ cell lineage in the male.

Cryptorchidism↗
PubMed2005

[Is fetal testis in danger?].

Estrogens are classically known to play a major role in female reproduction, but there is now compelling evidence that they may also be involved in the regulation of male reproductive function. In humans, a decrease in sperm count and an increase in the incidences of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and hypospadia have been observed in many countries over the last 50 years. Male reproductive alterations were also observed in wildlife. Such male reproductive disorders have been attributed to the increase in concentration of xenobiotics, and of xenoestrogens in particular, in the environment and in food. Epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies have suggested that excessive exposure to estrogens during fetal/neonatal life can lead to reproductive disorders in adulthood. Using an in vitro model, we showed that estrogens directly affected the development of the fetal testis. Lastly, we clearly demonstrated that the fetal and neonatal testis is very sensitive to estrogens since the invalidation of estrogen receptor alpha leads to an increase of steroidogenesis and the invalidation of estrogen receptor beta enhances the development of the germ cell lineage in the male.

Estrogens↗
PubMed2005

Proportion of abortions due to neosporosis among dairy cattle in Japan.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to clarify the association between seropositive reactions to Neospora caninum and subsequent reproductive disorders among dairy cattle in Japan. A statistically significant association between Neospora seropositive reactions and abortions was observed (P=0.016), and seropositive cattle were 6.1 times more likely to abort compared to seronegative cows. No significant differences were observed between seropositive reactions and other reproductive disorders such as conception failure, perinatal death and calf mortality. As indicated by estimation of the attributable fraction, 83.6% of abortions in Neospora seropositive animals may be attributed to N. caninum. Considering seroprevalence of N. caninum in the cattle which aborted in Japan, 21.8% of abortions were estimated to be caused by neosporosis in Japan.

Abortion, Veterinary↗