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Results for “Reality Testing”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Developmental differences in eyewitness suggestibility and memory for source.

To what extent do children who report suggested information believe they actually remember seeing the suggested details they report? Asking whether children misremember seeing suggested items is in essence a question about children's ability to monitor the source of their memories. The current study reports the results of two experiments designed to assess potential age-related changes in subjects' ability to accurately monitor the source of suggested information either immediately or following a 1-week delay. The results of both experiments revealed that although all subjects claimed to remember seeing suggested items, the magnitude of this effect varied with age such that first-graders made more source confusions than third- and fifth-graders, who in turn made more confusions than college subjects. Our findings suggest that these age differences are not simply a function of more general age-related memory or performance deficits, but instead reflect developmental differences in the tendency to confuse suggested information for actually witnessed events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The observing subject and psychophysiological research: an epistemological discourse.

Realizing that scientific knowledge was not based on a simple disclosure of reality, but was rather invented and developed in accordance with our own conceptions and prejudices, it should no longer be possible to consider matters as if they existed independently of us 'out there'. Taking as examples the notions of 'memory' and 'information' we try to elucidate the relevance this perspective has with respect to neuro- and psychophysiological research.

Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Perspectival appearing and Gibson's theory of visual perception.

Although Gibson (1979) did not explicitly discuss the perspectival appearing of the ecological environment, his important ecological approach to visual perception can accommodate both (a) the stream of visual-perceptual experience that flows at the heart of the visual system's total activity of ordinary visual preceiving (ordinary seeing), and (b) the dimension of the visual experiential stream that is the ecological environment's perspectival appearing to the visual perceiver. In the present article, perspectival appearing is located at the level of brain centers of the visual system, where processes are determined by the spatiotemporally structured visual stimulus flux. And the stream of visual experience is interpreted as itself possessing a kind of perspective structure (as does the visual stimulus flux), including variant and invariant features that the visual system isolates and extracts from experience, producing the perceiver's cognitive visual "awareness-of" (Gibson, 1979) the environment and self in the environment.

Attention↗
PubMed1984

Indications for hospitalization in the treatment of borderline patients.

Hospitalization is an important component in the treatment of some borderline patients, yet features of the borderline syndrome make the decision to hospitalize a complex one. This paper considers alternatives to hospitalization as well as indications for use of the hospital in the treatment of borderline patients. The roles of brief hospitalization and of extended inpatient treatment are considered separately.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Existential dialectics in therapeutic groups.

The paper proposes that existential dialectics is one way of reaching clinically inaccessible material in group psychotherapy. Existential dialectics aims at fusing intra-personal, subjective reality with transubjective, social one, with the aid of face to face encounters with others. Its "techniques" include antithetical and synthetical questioning and attentive listening. The specific psycho-social dialectics outlined include participant-observation and the play of norms and counternorms. These dialectics are especially designed to help patients find meaning, reality, approval and feelings.

Emotions↗
PubMed1989

Transformations of identity: referent location, agency, and levels of integration in the progress from potential self to existential identity.

The study traces the genesis of existential despair and empty depression in personality disordered individuals to the impact of a premature definition of the self in terms of an other-centered referent. Three aspects of identity are discussed: self identity, role identity, and existential identity. Their respective potential contribution to self-integration is examined.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1985

The borderline diagnosis and integration of self.

To try to encompass what is meant by borderline with parameters that are too delineating can lead to conceptual difficulties and confusion for several reasons: The human psyche is too complex and probably has too much of the quality of a gestalt to be understood adequately by dichotomizing thinking; an individual does not experience himself as operating in discrete units, but as a unified whole; and the most characteristic manifest quality of the borderline picture is its tendency toward a chaotic functioning that somehow always spills over any defining boundaries which are set up to attain conceptual containment. If we then accept our limitations on the precision and order with which we can comprehend it, the understanding of borderline might be supplemented by seeing it in terms of the subjective experience of an integrated self. This offers a more holistic approach that tends not to be so subject to objectifying compartmentalization. It is more in tune with the subjective experiencing a person has of that which defines and moves him in the world. And it offers a referent axis along which the distance one has traveled in the borderline direction might be gleaned. Finally, the relationship of the borderline diagnosis to character disorder might be looked this way: The diagnosis does not refer to a particular character disorder or to a group of disorders. It emerges in all character pathology to the degree that the experiencing of an integrated and whole sense of self, which is at the heart of character structure, is diminished.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1980

Psychotherapy of the affective psychoses.

Too few research studies that identify effective therapeutic methods for treatment of psychotic depressions are available. A few studies indicate that cognitive therapy reduces symptoms and may provide prophylaxis in outpatients with moderately severe depressions. Cognitive theory provides a conceptual framework for developing techniques to treat more severely depressed patients. Specific obstacles in the psychotherapy of this group include negatively biased recall of current and past events; difficulties in forming a therapeutic alliance; memory and concentration deficits; hallucinations; delusions; and somatic complaints. This paper presents preliminary attempts to develop and apply cognitive change techniques to some of these difficulties. The role of medication in combination with psychotherapy, the identification of depressions requiring psychotheeapy, and the development of methods specific to psychotherapy with psychotic depressions and promising areas in need of further investigation.

Adolescent↗