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Gas-mask decreased the ability to work by 20-50%. It was caused by decreasing skin and respiratory evaporation. Ventilation of the under mask interspace (90 1/min) was recommended.
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Distal balloon occlusion was approved as a means of embolic protection during saphenous vein graft intervention based on its ability to decrease major adverse clinical events (MACEs) by 42% in the 801-patient Saphenous Vein Graft Angioplasty Free of Emboli Randomized (SAFER) trial. However, the cost and technical complexity of this device have limited its widespread use and prompted some to avoid its use in cases that appear at "low risk" for complications. If predictors of MACEs and their potential decrease by distal balloon occlusion could be identified, this would have important clinical implications in this challenging population. We therefore used standard demographic and angiographic variables and 2 new angiographic markers (extent of graft degeneration and estimated volume of plaque in the target lesion) to construct multivariable logistic regression models of 30-day of MACEs in the SAFER trial. Independent correlates of increased 30-day MACEs were more extensive vein graft degeneration (p = 0.0001) and bulkier lesions (larger estimated plaque volume, p = 0.0005). Use of a distal balloon occlusion device was independently predictive of lower 30-day rates of MACE (p = 0.01), with uniform benefit across risk strata (no significant interaction between device use and independent angiographic risk factors). Thus, the risk of 30-day MACEs after percutaneous intervention in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts is increased in more diffusely diseased grafts and in bulkier lesions, but a significant benefit of the GuardWire was seen across all levels of MACE risk rather than just those perceived to be at highest risk.
We investigated exposure mechanisms of mucocutaneous (MCE) and percutaneous (PCE) blood exposures and compliance with universal precautions among all formerly and presently employed medical staff from 1987 to 1991 in a Danish Department of Infectious Diseases. All subjects were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire. One hundred and thirty-five out of 168 (80%) subjects responded. Thirty-seven PCE and 15 MCE were described. More than 50% of PCE happened during procedures without specific reasons or were caused by unexpected patient movement, while only one PCE was caused by recapping. Thirty-five percent of PCE happened during drawing of venous blood samples. Compliance with usage of gloves was high (70-100%), depending on the procedure, and 72% of the subjects claimed to have sufficient knowledge of the risk of blood exposures and how to prevent it. Still, 11 (73%) out of 15 MCE might have been prevented by appropriate use of protective barriers. To reduce the frequency of blood exposure further the development of safer instruments and continuous education in safer techniques and usage of protective barriers are of major importance.
The work was aimed to justify application of gas masks and respirators with autonomous air source fo lower bacterial contamination of inhaled air. The studies also covered possible catch of bacteria by cotton and filters FPP-15-1.5, those composed of antimicrobial materials, containing furagin or copper ions. As the studies proved, for lower bacterial contaminations of inhaled air one can apply autonomous air source apparatus with filters made of Petrianov tissue, antimicrobial tissue (containing furagin or copper ions), as they reduce fungal content of the air. Such filters are self-disinfecting, but do not influence total contamination of the air.
During impact or sudden acceleration, the cervical and thoracic region of the spine of operators of Habitable Mobile Vehicles (HMV) may be exposed to extensive trauma since "whiplash"-type motion typically leads to impairment of a cervical joint. Furthermore, the frequent necessity of supporting added mass above the shoulders (e.g., crash helmet, displays, oxygen mask) can magnify the moment of inertia of the head. This additional mass affects the biomechanics of a Helmet-Head-Neck System and determination of the tolerable magnitudes of acceleration which it can undergo. Even if the body of the operator is restrained by seat belts, such acceleration can arise in all three vectors (Gx, Gy, and Gz). The population at risk for injury due to such forces are individuals exposed to forces generated in racing cars, involved in automobile impacts or emergency landing of aircraft, in normal landing on carriers or in piloting of 5th generation fighter planes, and in other aspects of operator activity in HMV. Various methods of fixation of the head to prevent cervical injury are described in the literature: cervical collars, inflated thoracic defensive members, airbags, cervical supports, etc. However, all of these have some deficiencies related either to one-time availability or the restricted range of head motion which they produce. Widely used automatic retaining systems composed of belts with forced pull and airbags, while successful in other regards, do not adequately protect the head and neck of the operators who are chronically exposed to iterated percussion, and other acceleration forces under diverse extreme conditions.
Starting from the shortcomings of the radioprotective devices at present used in routine stomatological radiodiagnosis, the authors describe the advantages of a radioprotective shield which has been produced in the Greifswald University Stomatological Clinic. On the basis of dosimetric studies, the State Board for Nuclear Safety and Radiological Protection of the GDR (Staatliches Amt fur Atomsicherheit und Strahlenschutz der DDR) could demonstrate the suitability of this shield as a radioprotective device for routine stomatological radiodiagnosis.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the deliverability and protection capabilities of an embolism protection filter in angioplasty of peripheral arteries. METHODS: The Angioguard emboli capture guidewire system was applied in 11 patients with femoropopliteal lesions (6 stenoses, 3 occlusions, 2 controls). Data on lesion crossing, flow deceleration and macroembolization were recorded. Filter membranes were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: System delivery was successful in all patients. Primary lesion crossing was feasible in four of six stenoses; predilatation was required in two of six. Marked flow deceleration was recorded in six patients. Emboli next to the filter were detected in each patient with concentric plaques, but could not reliably be removed with the filter. Downstream macroembolization was also present in all patients with concentric stenoses, but in none with chronic occlusion. None of the patients had clinical signs of ischemia. SEM analysis demonstrated only small particles on control group filters and non-obliterating fibrinous conglomerates on filters used in chronic occlusion. Substantial obliteration was seen on several filters used in stenotic lesions. CONCLUSION: Microembolization of fibrin aggregates is a common incident in balloon angioplasty of femoropopliteal stenoses. Macroembolization occurred more frequently than previously reported. The use of embolism protection filters aided in the detection but not in the removal of larger emboli.
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Effect of the hard manual work on humans using the individual protective means in temperature conditions from 17 to 30 degrees C was studied. The investigation revealed the altered thermoregulatory, circulatory, central nervous systems and the acid-base status. The changes were found depending on the environmental temperature. The recovery period (one-hour rest and shower) did not normalize the disordered functions, so further correction of the functional status is necessary.
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Three profoundly retarded adults were observed in an experimental daycare program when they were not wearing self-protective restraints and when they were wearing them to prevent pica and rectal digging. The noncontingently applied devices did eliminate the target behaviors, but they also decreased social interactions between the subjects and their caretakers. A camisole was found to be even more restrictive than a fencing mask.
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