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PubMedDate not supplied

The culturally diverse student: a model for empowerment.

The student who is at a disadvantage due to race, educational background, or cultural background is often unsuccessful in higher education. Specific programs designed to assist the culturally diverse student can make a significant difference in the successful completion of a program of nursing and passing of the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). The authors discuss a model that assists culturally diverse students' success in a program of nursing.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1985

Student heart health knowledge, smoking attitudes, and self-esteem.

The Chicago Heart Health Curriculum Program (CHHCP) is a comprehensive, cardiovascular disease, risk-reduction program designed for a multiracial urban population of sixth-grade students and their families. The study showed strong program impact on student health knowledge, and found that independence of peers significantly influenced smoking attitudes and self-esteem. The latter was associated strongly with humanistic teacher attitudes and behavior as well. Smoking attitudes were found to be related significantly to general health attitudes. The results suggest that future programs conveying heart health knowledge should consider student learning in the affective context of self-esteem, independence of peers, and teacher humanism. Reinforcement through continual intervention over a prolonged period may produce more permanent change over time.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1975

Nutritional status of black preschool children in Mississippi. Influence of income, mother's education, and food programs.

The nutritional status of 247 black preschoolers in two counties of Mississippi was studied by relating caloric and nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements to homemaker's education, family income, and participation in Food Stamp and donated food programs..23AUTHOR Low intakes of calories, iron, calcium, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid were found in many of the children, regardless of the variable considered. These findings--in comparison with similar studies--imply that, as time passes, low education and income are having less impact on child nutrition. This ameliorating effect may be due to programs designed to educate parents and extend purchasing power of food dollars. Thus, it seems advisable to continue these programs.?23AUTHOR

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cost-effective, unit-based approach to computerized care planning education.

This article describes a grassroots approach to developing an educational program on nursing diagnosis and computerized care planning. The process involved staff nurses in program design, implementation, and evaluation. Using this process, staff development educators will be better able to successfully initiate grassroots programs that educate large numbers of nurses at minimal cost.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1991

Parallel computation and FASTA: confronting the problem of parallel database search for a fast sequence comparison algorithm.

We have parallelized the FASTA algorithm for biological sequence comparison using Linda, a machine-independent parallel programming language. The resulting parallel program runs on a variety of different parallel machines. A straight-forward parallelization strategy works well if the amount of computation to be done is relatively large. When the amount of computation is reduced, however, disk I/O becomes a bottleneck which may prevent additional speed-up as the number of processors is increased. The paper describes the parallelization of FASTA, and uses FASTA to illustrate the I/O bottleneck problem that may arise when performing parallel database search with a fast sequence comparison algorithm. The paper also describes several program design strategies that can help with this problem. The paper discusses how this bottleneck is an example of a general problem that may occur when parallelizing, or otherwise speeding up, a time-consuming computation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

A program to find regions of similarity between homologous protein sequences using dot-matrix analysis.

MATRIX is a program designed primarily to enable the user to visualize all regions of similarity between two proteins at a glance. The program helps the user to see where they are similar--at what relative positions in the amino acid sequences of the two proteins in question does the similarity exist; how they are similar--what functional characteristics the two similar sequences have in common; and to what extent they are similar--is the similarity significant, if so how significant relative to other similar sequences in the protein. This is achieved by constructing a diagram in which quantitative parameters of amino acids are used to compare every amino acid residue of the first protein with every amino acid residue of the second. Another function of the program is, given two sets of atomic coordinates--either of different proteins or for the same protein (for self-comparison)--to demonstrate which residues of the two proteins, when the two proteins are superimposed upon each other, appear in the same space (or are close to each other).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of blood utilization by physicians: transfusion of nonoperated anemic patients.

Prior studies have suggested that a high percentage of blood transfusions to hospital patients are unnecessary. If such transfusions can be reduced, more blood would be made available for those patients with legitimate blood requirements. In this study, blood transfusion of 401 nonoperated hospital patients with anemia as the final diagnosis explaining admission and with admission hemoglobin values equal to or greater than 10 gm/dl was analyzed. These patients were drawn from a 300 hospital sample distributed across the United States. Descriptive data showing the extent to which this selected population of patients is transfused with blood must be considered as one measure of unnecessary blood transfusion in this country. Hospital-based programs designed to identify and eliminate unnecessary blood transfusions should be established. The first step in the creation of such programs at the hospital level must be the development of guidelines for blood transfusion derived through the cooperative efforts of hospital physicians who fully understand and accept the rationale for them. Once guidelines for blood transfusion are established in a hospital, transfusion practice need only be measured against them.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Shadowing program to increase student awareness of hospital pharmacy practice.

A shadowing program designed to acquaint second-year pharmacy students with the professional responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist is described. The program developed by the Toledo Area Society of Hospital Pharmacists allowed second-year pharmacy students to "shadow" a staff pharmacist for three to four hours. The program required the cooperation of area hospital pharmacists to develop rotations at each site. Eight hospitals provided shadow rotations for 87 students during the program's first offering. Reactions were positive from both students and pharmacists. Direct pharmacist-student interaction, low cost, and flexibility were important factors in the program's success. The shadowing program has proven to be an effective method of introducing hospital pharmacy career options to prepharmacy students.

Education, Pharmacy↗
PubMed1985

An approach to the collection and manipulation of time-based data using the IBM PC and BASICA.

With the advent of increasingly integrated, powerful and inexpensive digital electronics, relatively powerful computers have become available to the general public. Along with this technological boom there has been a concomitant increase in the availability of over-the-counter software packages which can be used by research scientists for program development. In the past, the development of computer programs for the collection of large amounts of time-based data was expensive and time consuming; however, the introduction of the current generation of 16-bit microcomputers and associated hardware and software packages has enabled investigators with only a rudimentary knowledge of computers and interfacing to begin to design programs. The schemes and algorithms, developed using BASICA on an IBM-Personal Computer, which are described in this article can serve other investigators as models for the assembly of their own programs for the collection, manipulation and plotting of time-based data. The incorporation of inexpensive computer graphics hardware and software, which provided a simple solution to the problem of analysis and presentation of large amounts of data, will also be discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

MRATE: a Pascal program for on-line calculation of metabolic rate using wet gases.

MRATE is a Pascal program designed for on-line calculation of metabolic rate in an open circuit system, when outlet gases are not dried. Voltages from O2 and CO2 analysers, humidity and temperature probes and mass flow meter are digitised and used to calculate outlet flow, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient and metabolic rate. The program may be easily modified to suit a variety of experimental set-ups.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Mass media campaign--A Su Salud.

A mass media health promotion program directed toward reducing future cancer trends among Mexican Americans, the largest subgroup of Hispanics in the United States, by decreasing smoking and encouraging smoking prevention and other health practices is described. Included is an outline of the program design and its significant features and a discussion of social modeling, the theoretical approach which provides a framework for the program. The development of the program, including the role focus groups played in the identification of areas to be targeted by the program, and the production and implementation of the mass media campaign based upon the targeted program areas are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity of helium beam-modulator design to uncertainties in biological data.

The goal in designing beam-modulating devices for heavy charged-particle therapy is to achieve uniform biological effects across the spread-peak region of the beam. To accomplish this, the linear-quadratic model for cell survival has been used to describe the biological response of the target cells to charged-particle radiation. In this paper, the sensitivity of the beam-modulator design in the high-dose region to the values of the linear-quadratic variables alpha and beta has been investigated for a 215-MeV/u helium beam, and implications for higher LET beams are discussed. The major conclusions of this work are that, for helium over the LET range of 2 to 16 keV/mu, uncertainties in measuring alpha and beta for a given cell type which are of the order of 20% or less have a negligible effect on the beam-modulator design (i.e., on the slope of the spread Bragg peak); uncertainties less than or equal to 10% in the dose-averaged LET at each depth are unimportant; and, if the linear-quadratic variables for the tumor differ from those used in the beam-modulator design by a constant factor between about 0.5 and 3, then the resultant nonuniformity in the photon-equivalent dose delivered to the tumor is within +/- 25%. It is also shown that for any ion, if the nominal values of alpha or beta used by the beam-modulator design program differ from their actual values by a constant factor, then the maximum errors possible in the beam-modulator design may be characterized by two limiting depth-dose curves such that the ratio of the dose at the proximal end of the spread Bragg curve to the dose at the distal end of the spread peak is given by alpha distal/alpha prox for the steepest curve, and square root of beta distal/beta prox for the flattest curve.

Cell Survival↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haven Hugs & Bugs. An innovative multiple-family weekend intervention for bereaved children, adolescents and adults.

This article describes the development and implementation of a unique, two-day therapeutic program for bereaved families. Issues relevant to program design are presented along with evaluation results. The family focus, the therapeutic value of nature, and the relationship of this program to Multiple Family Therapy, time-limited psychotherapy, and wilderness, camping, or recreation therapy approaches are discussed. Questions and suggestions for future evaluation research are noted. The high potential therapeutic and cost-effectiveness of such innovative approaches to bereavement counseling should motivate further program development and outcome research. Information on other weekend bereavement programs is appended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Evaluating A Patient-Led Health Literacy Program for People Living With Metastatic Breast Cancer.

IntroductionLow cancer health literacy undermines patients' ability to interpret complex information and participate in shared decision making, and is associated with worse outcomes. Evidence for effective health literacy interventions in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains limited. We evaluated a patient-led, virtual health literacy program designed to strengthen MBC-specific knowledge and self-efficacy.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-methods, pre-post evaluation across two program iterations (Fall 2023; Spring 2024) delivered by a national, patient-led-MBC organization, Project Life. The five-week synchronous course called Spinning Science covered breast cancer subtyping, genetic/genomic testing, clinical trials, circulating tumor DNA, and information literacy, with small-group activities and polling. Program participants were adults living with MBC. De-identified pre/post surveys assessed (1) self-efficacy for engaging in health decisions, and (2) knowledge using items adapted from the Cancer Health Literacy Test aligned to course content. Paired two-sample t-tests examined pre-post changes (&#x3b1;=0.05). Open-ended responses were analyzed thematically.ResultsFifty-four people with MBC were enrolled (cohort 1, n=17; cohort 2, n=37); 46 provided matched pre- and post-surveys (14 and 32, respectively). Agreement with "I don't know enough to make my own medical decisions" declined from 43% pre to 13% post (p<0.05), indicating improved self-efficacy. Baseline knowledge scores were high, and knowledge item gains were not statistically significant, consistent with ceiling effects. Post-program items showed >80% agreement for increased confidence in self-advocacy, improved health literacy, and sense of community. Qualitative feedback highlighted strengths like digestible content, approachable patient facilitators and flexible scheduling, as well as priorities for refinement such as continued access to materials, and more MBC-specific and numeracy content.ConclusionsA patient-developed, virtual health literacy program for people living with MBC showed meaningful improvements in self-efficacy, with actionable, participant-driven refinements between cohorts. This model offers a practical, scalable pathway for advancing self-efficacy within and beyond MBC.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Life style and nutrient intake in the elderly.

The life styles of the elderly population under study indicate that they had positive attitudes toward health in general and toward food and eating, Their food habits and beliefs were free from faddism, they were willing to try new foods and to change at least some of their food habits, and they had a good appetite for meals. Meal patterns and choice of foods, snacks, and food likes were toward foods of high nutritive value. They had comparatively few food dislikes, and the majority ate three meals a day. Many of the participants in this study had nutrient intakes of less than two-thirds the 1974 RDA'S. Food choices, meal patterns, and beliefs about food suggest that economic factors strongly influenced dietary adequacy and limited the food choices and size of servings. Black females appear to be the most disadvantaged group. All of these findings are a strong indicator of the need for group feeding programs for the elderly. Such meal programs should provide at least one-third of the daily nutrient needs, and should be pleasurable experiences using foods appropriate to the food habits and beliefs of the specific groups, their locale, and their cultural-economic backgrounds. These programs should also be accompanied by realistic nutrition education programs designed to provide guidance in buying and using foods of highest nutritive value within their resources. The need for such programs becomes increasingly urgent because of today's rapidly increasing food prices.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of critical care nursing internship programs.

Development of programs to prepare new graduate nurses to work in critical care units has been a priority for nurse educators for many years. Despite the presence of many such internship programs, little data are available about the characteristics of such programs. Results of this study suggest that the development of internship programs designed to prepare new graduate nurses in critical care nursing continues to be a priority. The standards used by these programs are individualized and are often reflective of the unique needs of the institution. Costs of these programs are quite high. Recommendations for future directions based upon the results of the study are offered.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1989

The nurse's role in cancer rehabilitation. Review of the literature.

Rehabilitative nursing is an integral part of all phases of patient-centered care. The role of the nurse in addressing rehabilitation issues for cancer patients is one of teaching, counseling, and coordination. Nurses have made significant contributions to educational programs available to cancer patients and their families. The program structure, content, and setting are as varied as the potential patient. Site-specific support programs, as well as programs that identify and support positive coping behaviors, have been developed by nurses. In their efforts to maximize resource allocation in a variety of settings, nurses have developed roles and programs that promote the process of rehabilitation. This review of nursing literature provides a source for nurses wishing to continue designing programs that enhance rehabilitation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗