Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Proctocolitis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Origin of rectosigmoid cancer from precancerous processes].

Three hundred sixty two patients with rectosigmoid cancer are examined by rectoromanoscopy and biopsy in order to establish those of them with manifestations of a proceeding precancer process. Cancer, originated on the base of single polypus was established in 50,94 per cent and 7,54 per cent in relation with preceeding generalized polyposis, in 30,19 per cent malignant villose tumor is concerned, in 4,71 per cent -- cancer, originated on the base of preceeding ulcerohemorrhagic proctocolitis and in only 1,91 per cent -- malignant chronic fibrosclerosed hemorrohoids. Precancer process is established in 29,29 per cent in all of the examined 362 patients with rectosigmoid cancer and in 70,71 per cent of the cases no manifestations of preceeding precancer disease was established, i.e. the malignancy ratio with established precancerosis towards malignancy without established precancerosis is approximately 1 : 2,5. That fact requires acute attention in all cases with established precancerosis of the terminal segment of large intestine, treatment without delay and dispensary control.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The value of flexible sigmoidoscopy for patients with bright red rectal bleeding.

OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnostic yield of flexible sigmoidoscopy in patients presenting with bright red rectal bleeding. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy between January 1995 and April 1996 for investigation of bright red rectal bleeding were recruited. The extent of the endoscopic examination, complications, and endoscopic findings were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 1052 patients were included in the study. The mean length of endoscopic examination was 55 cm. There were no complications attributed to the procedure. Thirteen (1.2%) patients aged from 41 to 87 years were found to have malignant tumours that were not palpable on digital examination. All the tumours were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Two patients had synchronous liver metastasis at presentation. Adenomatous polyps were detected in 81 (7.7%) patients, of whom 76 were older than 40 years. The majority of polyps were tubular adenomas associated with mild or moderate dysplasia. Other endoscopic findings included hyperplastic and juvenile polyps, proctocolitis, diverticulosis, irradiation colitis, ischaemic colitis, rectal ulcers, and infective colitis. The overall diagnostic yield was 21.1%. No mucosal lesion was detected by flexible sigmoidoscopy in 78.9% of patients in whom the rectal bleeding was due to either haemorrhoids or anal fissure. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer was detected in 1.2% and adenomatous polyps in 7.7% of patients with bright red rectal bleeding using flexible sigmoidoscopy. All cancers and 94% of adenomatous polyps were detected in patients older than 40 years. Flexible sigmoidoscopy appears to be a valuable initial investigation for bright red rectal bleeding in patients older than 40 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Association of human immunodeficiency virus and anal human papillomavirus infection among homosexual men.

BACKGROUND: A previous study of men with proctitis, proctocolitis, or enteritis showed an association of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because anorectal abnormalities may confound an observed association between anal HPV DNA and HIV seropositivity, the present study was undertaken among consecutive homosexual men seeking HIV serologic testing who were unselected for anorectal symptoms. METHODS: Consecutive homosexual men underwent a standardized interview, physical examination, and collection of specimens for HIV serologic testing and detection of anal HPV DNA. RESULTS: Anal HPV DNA was detected in eight (31%) of 26 HIV-seropositive men and in 10 (8%) of 119 HIV-seronegative men (odds ratio, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 30.1, adjusted for history of sexually transmitted disease, current anorectal symptoms, and age). When men with anorectal symptoms were excluded from the analysis, anal HPV DNA was detected in 27% of seropositive men compared with 8% of seronegative men (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 13.4). There was no difference between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men with respect to distribution of type of HPV DNA. Men with group II or III and group IV HIV disease were 4.1 and 10.9 times, respectively, more likely than HIV-seronegative men to have anal HPV DNA detected. CONCLUSIONS: Because HIV-seropositive men appear to be at increased risk for the detection of anal HPV DNA, the natural course of anal HPV infection should be compared among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative homosexual men.

Anus Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Enterosorption in the treatment of ulcerative colitis patients].

Enterodes and splenin were used in the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (idiopathic proctocolitis) in association with routine drug treatment while steroids were not employed. Results indicate increase of the therapeutic effect due to improvement of regeneration of the intestine and improvement of the immunity status.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2005

[The concept, criteria for diagnosis, and disease classification of ulcerative colitis].

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, non-specific inflammatory disorder involving primarily the mucosa and submucosa of the colon, especially the rectum. It usually produces a bloody diarrhea and various degrees of systemic involvement. These definitions of idiopathic proctocolitis were established by Council for International Organization of Medical Science (CIOMS) in 1973. In Japan, the first criteria for diagnosis of UC were established by the Research Committee of UC (the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare) in 1974, based on the definitions by CIOMS. Since then, some minor revisions have been made. The newest criteria for diagnosis of UC were published in 1998. The diagnosis of UC is made on the basis of a combination of clinical, endoscopic, radiologic, and histologic findings.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2006

[Surgical management of chronic radiation enteritis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the surgical methods and the clinical results of chronic radiation enteritis. METHODS: Treatments were applied to forty-nine cases of chronic radiation enteritis complicated with intestinal obstruction, enterocutaneous fistula, intestinal stenosis, intestinal bleeding, severe proctocolitis and intestinal perforation, among whom 47 cases received an average of 2.8 +/- 2.1 operations. Twenty-six cases received resection of the injured segment with primary anastomosis, fourteen cases received intestinal resection and proximal enterostomy, among whom 6 ostomies were permanent, and another 8 cases received secondary ostomy closure. The injured intestinal segments were spared in 7 cases. RESULTS: Forty-seven among 49 cases were cured (success rate, 96%) with no anastomotic leakage. Two patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical complications of chronic radiation enteritis should be managed operatively. The operative method should be chosen according to the general condition of the patients and the complexity of the abdomen. Perioperative management and proper selection of intestinal segments for anastomosis are essential for the success.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Pneumopathy due to sulfasalazopyrine. A case with a challenge test].

The complications of treatment with sulfasalazopyrine(SSP) are rare. We report a case of a 68 year old patient who was hospitalised for a hectic fever with weight loss, chest pain and dyspnoea of effort. This patient had been treated for 2 1/2 months for a haemorrhagic proctocolitis with 3 gms. per day of SSP. There was a leucocytosis of 23 700/mm3 of which there were 3,318 eosinophils/mm3. The pulmonary radiograph showed a predominantly interstitial pattern at the apices in the axillary region and in the costo-phrenic angle. The broncho alveolar lavage (LBA) was normal. A thoracic scan confirmed the interstitial syndrome and the existence of pleural thickening in the upper part of the lungs. As drug induced pulmonary disease was suspected SSP was stopped. The patient became apyrexial in 48 hours without any further treatment. Thirty days later the pulmonary radiograph and the laboratory investigations had returned to 'normal and a challenge test using the drug was given whilst the patient was still in hospital. After 24 hours there was a febrile peak of 38.7 degrees C and 36 hours later there was a leucocytosis once more of 19 700/mm3 of which there were 1,100 eosinophils/mm3. The pulmonary radiograph showed diffuse bilateral interstitial opacities. The treatment was stopped and the fever disappeared within 24 hours. After a review of the literature, two points of this case were discussed in particular: the frequency of pulmonary disease occurring as a complication of SSP and the indication for challenge test.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Intestinal microbial pathology in AIDS. A clinical case series].

Microbial isolates from 60 diarrheic AIDS patients hospitalized to the Infectious Disease Division of Careggi hospital (Florence) are described. Clinical, microbiological and diagnostic features of each case are discussed with emphasis to some rare or underestimated entities in Europe: Campylobacter laridis bacteremia, Whipple-like disease by atypical Mycobacteria, Schistosoma mansoni proctocolitis. Results regarding newly AIDS-related microorganisms are also stressed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Ischemic proctitis: case series and literature review.

Ischemic injury to the rectum is rare owing to its rich vascular supply, and is seldom seen in clinical practice. Risk factors include major vascular occlusive disease, disruption of collateral circulation, and low flow state. It is of paramount importance to diagnose this entity early in its course. Although CT scan can suggest the diagnosis and identify other causes of clinical deterioration, colonoscopy remains the key test in diagnosing and determining the extent of ischemic change. Endoscopic findings and the overall clinical picture determine patient management. Treatment is nonoperative for nongangrenous ischemic proctocolitis, whereas surgery is necessary for gangrenous, transmural rectal ischemia. Over a 20-year period, a retrospective review of cases of acute rectal ischemia were analyzed. Aortoiliac occlusive disease accounted for nearly one-half the cases (7/15), and 40 per cent (6/15) was secondary to a low flow state. In our series, two-thirds of the cases involved transmural necrosis of the rectal wall (40% mortality) and the remaining one-third presented with patchy ischemic changes (20% mortality).

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Sellar granulomatous mass in a pregnant woman with active Crohn's disease.

At the end of her third pregnancy, a woman with a history of chronic active proctocolitis which had been diagnosed as Crohn's disease complained of deterioration of visual acuity. The patient was found to have hypopituitarism and progressive bitemporal hemianopia caused by an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension. At transsphenoidal surgery an intrasellar granuloma was found without remnants of pituitary tissue. This sellar granuloma could have been an extra-intestinal granuloma of Crohn's disease. However, the possibility that giant cell granulomatous hypophysitis had been present was considered more likely. The occurrence of this disorder in the postpartum period has not been reported before.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Perineal clamping of the everted rectum in conservative coloproctectomy. Experimental and clinical results].

Technical alternatives in conservative proctocolectomy are presently investigated to improve the safety and the functional results of the operation. Abdominal transection of the rectum is not always satisfactory in this procedure. A new technique of stapled anastomosis is described: after full mobilization and eversion of the rectum, this latter is closed using a linear stapler and cut immediately above the anal canal via a perineal access; a 18 cm long J pouch is constructed and the anastomosis is stapled using the new premier EEA instrument through the staple line of the previously transected anorectal junction. This technique has been evaluated in dogs (N = 10): colo-anal anastomosis was easy, quick, and safe to perform. Clinical, radiological and gross results have confirmed the quality of these circular stapled anastomoses through an inverting linear suture of the anorectal junction. Clinical experience is actually based on 7 patients operated since January 1989 (proctocolitis: 3, polyposis: 4). The value of the technique was confirmed with ileostomy closure at 3 months for the 7 patients and good functional results. This method has several advantages: 1) to retain all of the anal canal, 2) to avoid prolonged anal dilatation, 3) to perform a rapid and safe stapled anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus antibodies in patients with idiopathic ulcerative rectocolitis].

The total and fractioned titres of circulating anticytomegalovirus (CMV) and antiherpesvirus (HSV) antibodies were evaluated in 63 idiopathic ulcerative proctocolitis patients in follow-up. The population was disaggregated applying criteria related to the stage of the disease: duration, extension, number of observed relapses over the follow-up. It was noted that just the anti-HSV antibodies were correlated in a statistically significant way to the extension (p less than 0.025) and duration (p less than 0.025) of the disease. We believe that this behaviour is a manifestation of the disease and that the antiHSV titration may be included in a score of evaluation during the follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical picture of Crohn's disease in children and adolescents].

The authors describe the course of Crohn's disease in two boys and six girls aged 11.1-15.6 years. In three patients with terminal ileitis and affection of the ascendent colon the disease is characterized by prolonged growth retardation, subfebrile temperatures, abdominal pain. For patients with granulomatous colitis, blood-stained diarrhoea is typical abdominal pain and loss of body weight. Three patients were treated first for idiopathic proctocolitis and only in the course of the disease the diagnosis of Crohn's disease was established. In 87.5% of the patients on admission anaemia was found and all patients had a varying elevated red cell sedimentation rate and CRP. The author draws attention to extraintestinal symptoms (dermal, ophthalmological, articular, somatic retardation) which precede in particular somatic retardation) which precede in particular in affections of the small intestine intestinal manifestations. Their erroneous interpretation may delay the establishment of the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The author emphasizes the importance of basic laboratory examinations and examination by ultrasound for early detection of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A clinicopathologic study on patients suffering from "chronic dysentery".

Fifty adult patients with the self diagnosis of "chronic dysentery" were studied. Their faeces were examined microscopically; they were sigmoidoscoped and their rectal mucosa were examined histologically. Most of them had irritable bowel syndrome. Their sigmoidoscopic appearances were normal and the histology showed only mild increase in the numbers of round cells in the lamina propria. This was regarded as normal for the local population. Ten patients showed cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in the faeces. This was thought to be unrelated to the symptoms. Only four patients had sigmoidoscopic as well as histologic evidence of moderate to severe proctocolitis. One of them was proven to be a case of amoebic colitis. These findings have been discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Campylobacter jejuni: clinical and diagnostic value of serum antibody titres.

Eighty patients with either bacteriologically confirmed Campylobacter jejuni infection and/or an antibody titre value of at least 1:80, determined by ELISA, were studied. A significant correlation was found between titre value and severity of symptoms (P = 0.015). Although a correlation was noted between symptoms score and endoscopic abnormalities, this was not quite statistically significant (P = 0.053). Comparison of patients with a titre of at least 1:1280 and those with lower titre values revealed a significantly higher symptom score (P = 0.019) and endoscopic score (P = 0.015) in patients with a higher antibody level. By using the previously recommended titre of 1:640 as a cut-off point for active infection, all significant differences were lost. Of 12 patients with positive stool culture, 7 had a titre value of at least 1:1280, suggesting a sensitivity of 58%. However, of 20 patients with negative culture, 4 showed this titre value, three of whom were studied several weeks after the onset of their illness. In those patients with clinically proven Campylobacter infection, the antibody response was characterized by a rapid initial rise and a slow four-fold drop in antibody titre after 3 to 5 months. Colonic involvement of the infection was seen in 63% of our patients with positive cultures. Our results support the conclusion that ELISA is a valuable method of diagnosing C. jejuni infections when stool cultures are likely to become negative, as is the case in prolonged complaints or complications after gastro-enteritis or in proctocolitis or after the use of antibiotics. Serial serum samples have no advantage over a single sample for antibody detection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A case report of sacral chordoma].

Sacrococcygeal chordoma is one of the retrorectal tumors. Relative rarity and anatomical location of this may lead to difficulty in diagnosis and surgical treatment. We report a case of sacrococcygeal chordoma successfully treated by high sacral resection by a posterior approach, in which the co-operative efforts of gastroenterological surgeons and an orthopedic surgeon were employed. A 64-year-old man with a long term continued vague anal pain was referred to our hospital. Digital rectal examination revealed an elastic hard mass presacrally. Plain sagittal radiograph, CT, barium enema showed a retrorectal mass and sacral destruction. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically by the specimen taken by open biopsy. Surgical resection was carried out in prone position with the buttocks elevated. The skin incision was upward arched transverse. The lower sacral vertebrae, including S3, were removed en block with the tumor. Bilateral S3 sacral nerve roots were preserved. Postoperative disturbances of the urination and defecation were not seen. High dose radiation therapy, 80 Gray, was done after surgery. Radiation ulcer of the skin was treated by free skin graft, but radiation proctocolitis was not seen. Now he is free from the disease.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of corticoids, 5-aminosalycilic acid and sucralfate on the potential difference of the rectum in inflammatory colitis in man].

Glucocorticoids are able to increase ionic transport across the rectal mucosa and improve the potential difference (PD) which is known to be decreased in inflammatory bowel diseases in man. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of therapeutic enemas or parenteral drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory colitis, by means of rectal PD variations. Seventeen patients (10 women, 7 men, mean age 47 +/- 16 years) with chronic colitis and rectal involvement were studied (ulcerative colitis: n = 12, Crohn's disease n = 4, radiation proctocolitis : n = 1). In each patient, mean PD basal value was measured before treatment for 30 min; a few days later PD measurements were performed 5 h after either intravenous administration of hydrocortisone (HC i.v.: 100 mg) or local administration of therapeutic enemas: 5-aminosalicylate acid (5-ASA: 4 g), hydrocortisone (HC L: 100 mg) or sucralfate (S: 1 g). Statistical analysis used Student's T test for paired or unpaired data, the Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon test. PD increased from: - 30.7 mV to - 45.6 mV after HC i.v. (p less than 0.001), - 31.8 mV to - 48.7 mV after HC L (p = 0.01), - 29.8 mV to - 39.8 mV after 5-ASA (p less than 0.01) and - 20.6 mV to - 24.9 mV after sucralfate (NS) respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

The malignant potential of colorectal Crohn's disease.

Six patients developed colorectal carcinoma in association with Crohn's disease. The cancer was diagnosed at a mean age of 46 years and a mean 19 years after the onset of Crohn's disease. Five carcinomas arose in the chronically inflamed segment of bowel, while a sixth arose in caecum previously bypassed for Crohn's ileitis. Four carcinomas were mucinous, four presented with fistula and four were treated by complete removal of the large intestine. Three patients have died of residual or recurrent cancer. The data support an aetiological link between Crohn's proctocolitis and carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗