The seasonality of infant deaths due to diarrheal and respiratory diseases in southern Brazil, 1974-1978.
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This paper discusses the phenomenon of spurious or secondary association between factors in heterogeneous study populations. The mathematical basis of this phenomenon is set out and some numerical examples are given. The relevance of the findings to the interpretation of epidemiological studies is examined.
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In cooperation with the Austrian National Institute for Statistics the incidence-rates of breast cancer in Austria in the period of 1971-1975 were investigated. The incidence-rate of breast cancer (50 new cases/year/100,000 women) is higher than the incidence-rate of cervical or endometrium carcinoma. The increasing risk of the higher age-groups, which is especially expressed by the incidence-rate of 145 in the age-group of 70 or more years, is pointed out. This findings are of great consequence to the system of preventive medical care. In urban areas the incidence of breast cancer seems to be higher than in rural district.