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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of adrenaline on the electrophysiologic profile of isolated visceral sheep peritoneum.

The peritoneal mesothelium is a barrier to ion transport in peritoneal dialysis. In the present study, we investigated, by means of Ussing chamber experiments, the effect of adrenaline on the electrical transepithelial resistance (R(TE)) of isolated visceral sheep peritoneum. Peritoneal samples from the omentum of adult sheep were isolated within 30 minutes of the animal's death and were transferred to the laboratory in a cooled Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (4 degrees C, pH 7.5) bubbled with 95% O2/5% CO2. A visceral peritoneal planar sheet was mounted in an Ussing-type chamber and adrenaline (10(-7) mol/L) was added to the apical and the basolateral side in turn. We measured R(TE) before and serially for 30 minutes after addition of the adrenaline. Because active ion transport is temperature-dependent, all experiments were performed at 37 degrees C. All results are presented as mean and standard error (x +/- SE) of 6 experiments. The control R(TE0 (before adrenaline) was 20.05 +/- 0.61 omega x cm2. Within 1 minute after the addition of adrenaline to the basolateral side of the membrane, R(TE) increased to 21.8 omega x cm2, a rate that thereafter progressively decayed, returning to the control value. Adrenaline action on the apical side of the membrane was similar, with a rapid rise of R(TE) to 22.5 omega x cm2 and a subsequent decrease (p < 0.05). Previous studies provide evidence for a clear association between R(TE) and active ion transport. The results of the present study indicate rapid action of adrenaline on the permeability of the visceral peritoneum.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Closure or nonclosure of the peritoneum at gynecological operations. Effect on postoperative pain.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic requirement and pain scores in the postoperative period between closure and nonclosure of the peritoneum in women undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery. METHODS: We conducted this study as a 2 parallel grouped, double blind, randomized, controlled trial between February 2002 and March 2003. The current study consists of 79 eligible women who were enrolled and completed baseline assessments. We carried out this study at the Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Sivas, Turkey. RESULTS: When the age, gravidity, parity, body mass index, type of surgery, operative time and length of hospital stay were compared, between the 2 groups, no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). The postoperative pain was found higher in the closure group than the nonclosure group (p<0.05) when the pain with visual analogue scale (VAS) scores compared. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in analgesic requirements between the 2 groups in the postoperative period. However, less pain and low VAS scores were evident especially after postoperative 2nd and 48th hours in the nonclosure group. We recommend non-closure of peritoneum at abdominal gynecologic procedure as the method of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Influence of the sodium transport inhibition by amiloride on the transmesothelial resistance of isolated visceral sheep peritoneum.

The peritoneal mesothelium is a barrier to ion transport in peritoneal dialysis. In the present study, we used Ussing chamber experiments to investigate the effect of amiloride on the transmesothelial electrical resistance (R(TM)) of isolated visceral sheep peritoneum. Peritoneal samples from the omentum of adult sheep were isolated directly after the death of the animals and were transferred to the laboratory within 30 minutes in a cooled Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (4 degrees C, pH 7.5) bubbled with 95% O2/5% CO2. A visceral peritoneal planar sheet was mounted in an Ussing-type chamber and amiloride (10(-3) mol/L) was added apically and basolaterally. The R(TM) was measured before and serially for 30 minutes after the addition of amiloride. Because active ion transport is temperature dependent, the Ussing chambers were held at 37 degrees C. The results presented are the means + standard error of 12 experiments. The control R(TM) (before the addition of amiloride) was 21.86 +/- 0.46 omega x cm2. Basolateral addition of amiloride induced, within 1 minute, an increase in R(TM) to 27.26 +/- 0.39 omega x cm2, a level that persisted throughout the experiment. When amiloride was added apically, the results were similar with a rapid rise of R(TM) to 24.18 +/- 0.9 omega x cm2 and subsequent value persistence (p < 0.05). A clear association between R(TM) and active ion transport was shown in previous studies. The results of the present study indicate rapid action of amiloride on the permeability of the visceral peritoneum. The observed increase in the R(TM) indicates the existence of amiloride-sensitive sodium channels in the visceral peritoneal membrane. The clinical implications of these results should be further investigated.

Amiloride↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of bovine preserved peritoneum in rats ventral hernia: a histological evaluation.

PURPOSE: To assess the role of preserved bovine parietal peritoneum as a material for hernia repair in a rat ventral hernia model. METHODS: An abdominal wall defect (15mm x 25mm) was created in Wistar male rats (n=40). Control animals (n=20) had the polypropylene (PP) mesh sutured into the defect, whereas bovine preserved peritoneum (BPP) was used in experimental group (n=20). After 7 and 28 days, the abdominal wall was taken off and histological studies of the amount of collagen by Sirius Red stain and morphometric evaluation consisted in quantitative analysis of the collagen by using specific software (Imagelab). The Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests were applied for statistical analysis (pd"0.05). RESULTS: Histological examination revealed no difference between the BPP and PP groups (p = 0.55 NS). CONCLUSION: BPP is suitable for the closure of ventral hernias in rat model as shown by its morphological properties.

Abdominal Wall↗
PubMed1991

[Endosalpingosis in the pelvic peritoneum and pelvic lymph nodes].

The pelvic peritoneum with macroscopic findings characteristic of endometriosis was biopsied in 18 cases at conservative surgery for endometriosis and examined. Pelvic lymph nodes removed in 76 cases at radical surgery for uterine cervical, corpus cancer or ovarian cancer patients were examined. In 3 of the 18 cases, endosalpingiosis was encountered in the pelvic peritoneum. In 2 of these 3 cases combined lesions of endometriosis and endosalpingiosis were observed. On the other hand, in 4 of the 76 patients with gynecological malignancies, benign glandular inclusions were found in pelvic lymph nodes. In 3 of these 4 patients, there was endosalpingiosis, and another there was endometriosis. Endosalpingiosis is an interesting lesion offering some clues to the histogenesis of endometriosis, and important in the differential diagnosis of malignant tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Small intestine occlusion caused by the silent opening of liver hydatid cysts into the peritoneum. Apropos of an uncommon case].

The authors report one exceptional case of organic small bowel occlusion. The etiological diagnosis was performed by ultrasonographic examination and showed two hydatid cysts of the liver opened into the peritoneum and a peritoneal fluid collection corresponding to the hydatid fluid. The authors emphasize the absence of clinical symptoms during the opening of the hydatid cysts of the liver into the peritoneum and the usefulness of emergency ultrasonographic examination of the entire abdomen in cases of small bowel obstruction without any evident etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Scanning electron microscopy study of the peritoneum as a dialysis membrane--a morphological study on the etiology of sclerosing peritonitis].

Scanning electron microscopy investigations of the surface of rat peritoneum were performed after application of isotonic saline solution and peritoneal dialysis solutions with osmolalities of 375, 528, and 680 mosmol x kg-1 and intraabdominal stay periods of 15, 30, and 45 minutes. Severe morphological changes of the peritoneal surface were shown as clotting and atrophy of microvilli, detachment of surface cells from the basement layer, destruction of the basal lamina and appearance of rough-fibrous submembranous connective tissue, which was observed even after application of isotonic saline solution into the abdominal cavity. In conclusion, sclerosing peritonitis is caused by a fruitless inflammation reaction of the organism against the unphysiological function of the peritoneum as dialysis membrane forced upon peritoneal dialysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Structural changes of the diaphragmatic peritoneum in patients with schistosomal hepatic fibrosis: its relation to ascites.

The histopathologic changes of the peritoneum of the hemidiaphragm were studied in 30 patients with schistosomal liver disease and compared with ten control subjects. The diaphragmatic peritoneum of patients with ascites was markedly thickened with infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen bundles resembling the interstitial changes of peripheral lymphedema. Obliteration of diaphragmatic lymphatic stomata with restricted lymph flow as well as excess lymph formation from portal hypertension are both major factors in the magnitude and intractability of ascites associated with schistosomal hepatic fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Relation between fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in malignant fluids and the fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneum].

The mechanism of production of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in malignant fluid was investigated. Levels of FDP in three malignant fluids were high (1200-3000 mcg/ml), but they declined to about 500 mcg/ml after anti cancer treatment. The average levels of FDP in 12 malignant fluids were almost the same as those in nine benign fluids. In a vitro experiment, the fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneum was found to be much higher than that of the tumor. In conclusion, production of FDP in fluid is more closely related to the fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneum than that of the tumor. Intracavitary administration of antifibrinolytic agents is thought to be effect for malignant effusion.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

[Milk spots on the parietal peritoneum over the pancreas in the mouse (author's transl)].

In adult dd-mice of both sexes, milk spots on the parietal peritoneum over the pancreas were studied by light and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The milk spots appeared like a leaf with a slender stalk adhering to the peritoneum or like a flat or disc-shaped mass on the pancreas. They varied in number from case to case, but they were, on the average, 2.1 +/- 0.6 in males and 4.0 +/- 0.7 in females. They were supplied with capillary vessels which had fenestrated endothelium. The milk spots were the same in structural details as the omental type I spots preveiously described.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cytology of the liver, spleen and peritoneum obtained by sheathed brush during laparoscopy.

A sheathed cytology brush, fashioned to be used during laparoscopy, is described for brushing the surface of the liver, spleen and peritoneum. The method has had no morbidity or complication in 100 consecutive patients. and has been highly successful in obtaining diagnostic cytological material from malignant neoplasms involving the liver (94%) and peritoneum (100%). In two cases, biopsies of tumor nodules were nondiagnostic, while brush cytology definitively documented malignancy. Because the brushing induces minimal trauma and is quick and simple to perform, it is suggested that brush cytology be considered a supplement to needle and forceps biopsies during laparoscopy. The stainless steel sheath on the brush eliminates concern over loss of cytologic material during brush withdrawal.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Peritoneum as dialysis membrane--a morphologic study].

Different histological staining methods allow a deeper insight into the light microscopic structures of the biomembrane peritoneum. To the wellknown model of the peritoneal resistances according to existing results two other resistances shall be added, namely capillary pericytes and the submesothelial basal membrane. The peritoneal interstice, consisting of muscle and collagenic fibres as well as elastica fibres is penetrated by a well-formed network of reticulum fibres. In these cases is to be recognized a primary structure, characterized by compact, moniliform, doubled, screw-like and fenestrated structures, and a secondary structure, which is characterized by a cylindrical arrangement of these structures. This texture of fibres allows according to morphological points of view an intrainterstitial liquid transport in horizontal and vertical direction, which in irregular position of the anyhow scantily existing capillaries of the peritoneum is prerequisite for a regularly appearing transperitoneal liquid and substance transport in direction of the free abdominal cavity as well as vice versa.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Morphology of the parietal peritoneum and peritoneal exudate in peritonitis].

Biopsies of the peritoneum and cells of peritoneal exudate were examined in 36 patients with various phases and extension of acute purulent peritonitis. In 34 of them biopsy was taken before and after therapeutic treatment with low-frequency ultrasound. In all the cases the material was examined by light microscope, in 9 by means of transmission electron microscopy, in 2 by means of scanning electron microscopy. The peritoneum of 3 patients undergoing planned operation was studied as the control. It was shown that on the first day of peritonitis development there occurred active contraction of endotheliocytes of peritoneal microvessels with divergence of intercellular contacts resulting in sharp extravasation of the liquid, condensation of the blood formed elements, and formation of stases and microthrombi. The latter prevented marginal stay and emigration of leukocytes. Ultrasonic treatment facilitated the destruction of microthrombi and was accompanied by intensive leukocyte migration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Benign glandular inclusions of the peritoneum and periaortic lymph nodes.

A rare case of benign glandular inclusions is described involving the peritoneum and periaortic lymph node simultaneously. Some of the inclusions appeared as solid cell nests or cribriform glands, which let to the initial misinterpretation of metastatic adenocarcinoma in an appendectomy specimen. The concomitant involvement of the peritoneum and periaortic nodes indicates that the process in these two sites has a similar histogenesis. The absence of mesothelial surface involvement, the lack of report of mesothelial inclusions within the periaortic lymph nodes, and the known metaplastic potential of the subcoelomic mesenchyme suggest that glandular metaplasia from totipotential subcoelomic mesenchyme is the most likely histogenetic mechanism. The female hormonal milieu is essential for this process to develop since the lesions have exclusively been described in females. Chronic inflammation is a frequent associated finding and it may represent one of the metaplastic stimuli.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

[Changes of transport functions in peritoneum caused by glucose and its penetration in vitro].

The changes of the transperitoneal molecules transport caused by glucose and dynamics of its transport have been determined in the case of undamaged tissue and the membrane with injured mesothelium in the in vitro studies. In the intact glucose induced increase of peritoneal uric acid absorption (40%) and lowering of urea and gentamicin excretion (25-40%). Glucose in the dialysis fluid lowered uric acid absorption and urea excretion (20-40%) in denuded animal peritoneum. The transperitoneal glucose transport remained constant at 2.61 x 10(-4) x cm x s-1. The mesothelium destruction caused an increase (32%) of mean values of absorption and excretion of this compound. The obtained results suggest that modifications of transport functions of the peritoneum caused by glucose depend rather on direct action of hypertonicity and metabolic effects of glucose than of the osmotic gradient. Furthermore, these changes may contribute to the rapid transperitoneal transport of glucose which increase after the destruction of the mesothelium.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short phase efficacy of autologous peritoneum as a pericardial substitute.

The risks associated with resternotomy are largely related to loss of pericardial integrity. No satisfactory substitute for pericardium has been identified. The structural similarity between pericardium and peritoneum prompted an assessment of the latter as a biologic substitute. Two peritoneal patches were harvested from four juvenile swine, which then underwent left thoracotomies. In each pig, two pericardial defects were created and repaired with fresh and glutaraldehyde treated autologous peritoneal patches. Three weeks post operatively, the chest and abdomen were re-explored and the patches evaluated. In all cases, extrapericardial adhesions were insignificant. On gross examination of the intrapericardial surfaces, the fresh patches appeared smooth and glistening, with neither degenerative changes nor adherence to the epicardium. The treated patches were easily separated from the epicardium in two cases, but the other two patches were moderately to severely adherent. Histologic examination demonstrated well preserved morphology in all patches. C proline uptake and autoradiography revealed preserved fibroblast viability in the fresh patches. Intra abdominally, in all cases, there was complete reperitonealization without adhesion formation. In conclusion, fresh autologous peritoneum performed well as a pericardial substitute after heart surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery ruptured into the peritoneum. Treatment by embolization].

Aneurysms rarely occur in the gastroduodenal artery. We encountered such an aneurysm which bled into the peritoneum leading to a difficult diagnostic situation. A 58-year-old man was hospitalized for acute abdominal pain. Past history included alcohol intake (wine, 3/4 litre per day) and moderate increase in serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (100 IU/L). At admission there was abdominal contracture, vomiting and shock (blood pressure 70 mmHg). Based on the clinical picture and laboratory tests the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was entertained, but after the haemodynamic situation was reestablished by intravenous fluids, echography and computed tomography of the abdomen failed to give confirmation. An effusion however was seen in the peritoneum together with a large mass in the head of the pancreas compatible with a haematoma. Arteriography rapidly demonstrated an aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery. Embolization was preferred over surgery due to the precarious haemodynamic situation. Outcome was quite favourable and no complications have been observed with a follow-up of 6 months. Reports of true aneurysms of the gastroduodenal artery are rare but clinical manifestations are usually latent or absent. Reported complications include massive digestive haemorrhage and rarely jaundice, haemobilia or wirsungorrhagia due to compression. Excepting recognized trauma, few aetiological factors have been determined. Fragile arterial walls due to atheroma, isolated dysplasia or connective tissue disease appear to be damaged by successive systolic distension leading to rupture of certain elements of the arterial wall and finally aneurysm. Embolization carries less risk than surgical repair but must be indicated only after precise characterization including localization, size and local involvement.

Aneurysm, Ruptured↗
PubMed1993

The morphology of parietal peritoneum: a scanning electron micrograph study.

From 1988 to 1992, 114 patients with end-stage renal failure were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In 30 patients (18 men, 12 women, age 31-80 years), 40 scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of parietal peritoneal tissue, obtained with biopsy, were performed: in 20 patients at the time of the first catheter implantation, in 14 patients after catheter removal (because of peritonitis in 12 patients and drainage problems in 2 patients), and in 6 patients during catheter reinsertion. In uremic patients two types of mesothelial cells were observed: hexagonal and elongated. In some patients microvilli were abundant and covered the whole surface of mesothelial cells; in other patients microvilli were lacking. Wide openings (stomata) between mesothelial cells were found in some cases, which were wider in patients with peritonitis. During peritonitis, microvilli disappeared, and mesothelial cells were covered with fibrin, leukocytes, and erythrocytes instead. In the majority of patients with peritonitis, mesothelial cells were totally peeled away, or removed, leaving a denuded surface of fibrous tissue. A recovery of the parietal peritoneum was observed in one patient at the time of peritoneal catheter reinsertion: a complete mesothelial regeneration with abundant microvilli appeared. In other patients the surface was denuded, without microvilli or mesothelial cells, covered with fibrin and fibrous tissue. Despite observed changes of the parietal peritoneum with SEM during the course of CAPD and peritonitis, changes may be reversible due to regeneration of mesothelial cells. Prolonged changes after discontinuation of peritoneal dialysis may persist in patients without mesothelial cell regeneration or with a defective process of fibrinolysis.

Adult↗