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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Growth conditions influence expression of cell surface hydrophobicity of staphylococci and other wound infection pathogens.

The initial adhesion of microbes to tissue and solid surfaces can be mediated by hydrophobic interaction. Expression of microbial cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) is influenced by growth conditions, and often best expressed after growth under nutrient-poor conditions, or "starvation". In the present study, the CSH of 133 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, group A streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, Peptococcus magnus, and of 8 Candida albicans strains was measured by the salt aggregation test after growth on hematin agar in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, or under anaerobiosis. Cells of all but 8 strains expressed pronounced or moderate CSH, i.e., they aggregated in 0.01-2 M ammonium sulfate. When the agar surface was covered by human serum (diluted 1:5) to mimic growth conditions in a wound, 94 strains expressed higher CSH, and 44 strains the same CSH as after growth without serum. The CSH of 12 strains of different species was measured after growth on blood, hematin and PDM agar, with or without serum, and in an aerobic or a 5% CO2 atmosphere. The highest CSH was expressed after growth in 5% CO2 with serum, and the lowest growth after on blood agar in aerobic atmosphere. Identical results were obtained with native and heat-inactivated (56 C, 20 min) serum. The reduced surface tension obtained in 5% CO2, as well as yet unidentified serum factors, promotes expression of CSH.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1984

Anaerobic ureolytic bacteria from caecal content and soft faeces of rabbit.

Forty strains of ureolytic bacteria were isolated from the caecal content and soft faeces of seven rabbits by the anaerobic roll tube method and were characterized. The isolates were identified with Clostridium coccoides, Cl. innocuum, Peptostreptococcus productus, P. micros, Peptococcus magnus, Fusobacterium russii and Fusobacterium sp. Urease activity of representative strains of the various species was also determined. The study indicated that strongly-ureolytic anaerobic bacteria are present in the caecum of the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Summer mastitis experimentally induced by Hydrotaea irritans exposed to bacteria.

Summer mastitis is an acute suppurative bacterial infection of the udder in heifers and dry cows. To ascertain the possible role of flies in the transmission of the disease, experimental exposures of recipient heifers to Hydrotaea irritans previously exposed to bacteria were carried out. Flies were allowed to feed on secretions from clinical cases of summer mastitis. The pathogens present were the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Actinomyces pyogenes, Stuart-Schwan cocci, Peptococcus indolicus, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacterioides species. The teats of eight heifers were exposed to flies with verified pathogen content. Two teats of each animal were deliberately damaged before fly exposure. One teat was cut, another pricked with insect needles to mimic insect bites. Two of the heifers developed summer mastitis in the quarters where teats had been cut. The bacterial species isolated from these quarters corresponded to those that had previously been fed to the flies. For the first time, it is now demonstrated that H.irritans is capable of transmitting summer mastitis pathogens and so causing summer mastitis in recipient heifers. Lesions on the teat orifice may be a predisposing factor in the development of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Purification, characterisation and reconstitution of glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase, a biotin-dependent sodium pump from anaerobic bacteria.

Glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans is a biotin enzyme, which is integrated into membranes. It is activated by Triton X-100 and inhibited by avidin. The results obtained by a combination of both agents indicate that biotin and the substrate-binding site are located on the same side of the membrane. The decarboxylase was solubilized with Triton X-100 and purified by affinity chromatography on monomeric avidin-Sepharose. The enzyme is composed of three types of polypeptides: the group of alpha chains (Mr 120000-140000) containing the biotin, the beta chain (60000) and an apparently hydrophobic gamma chain (35000). Sodium ions specifically protected the latter chain from tryptic digestion. It was supposed, therefore, that this chain might function as the Na+ channel. The beta and gamma chains but not the alpha chain could be labelled by N-ethyl-[14C]maleimide. Similar decarboxylases but with much smaller biotin peptides (Mr 15000-20000) were isolated from Peptococcus aerogenes and Clostridium symbiosum. The decarboxylases from all three organisms could be reconstituted to active sodium pumps by incubation with phospholipid vesicles and octylglucoside followed by dilution. The Na+ uptake catalysed by the enzyme from A. fermentans was completely inhibited by monensin and activated twofold by valinomycin/K+ indicating an electrogenic Na+ pump. The coupling between Na+ transport and decarboxylation was not tight. During the reaction the ratio decreased from initially 1 to 0.2. The three organisms mentioned above and Clostridium tetanomorphum without glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase are able to ferment glutamate and require 10 mM Na+ for rapid growth. There is no correlation between the concentration of monensin necessary to inhibit growth and the presence of decarboxylase in these organisms.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1996

Purification and further characterization of a haemolysin of Actinomyces pyogenes.

A haemolysin produced by Actinomyces pyogenes ATCC 8164 was purified from culture supernatant by ammonium sulphate and polyethylene glycol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and fast-protein-liquid-chromatography on Superose 12 prep grade. The purified haemolysin, designated as pyolysin, displayed a single band on poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating a molecular weight of 55000. Additionally, using gel filtration, the same molecular weight was estimated. Further studies of the eluate of ion-exchange chromatography using isoelectric focusing also revealed a single protein band at pH 9.38 with haemolytic activity. A specific antiserum produced against pyolysin inhibited the haemolytic activity. The purity of the isolated protein was also determined by Western Blot analysis with antiserum obtained from a cow inoculated with culture supernatant from A. pyogenes and Peptococcus indolicus. The isolated pyolysin appeared to be heat-labile and displayed cytotoxic effects on poly-morphonuclear leucocytes and on pTK2 kidney cells.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1998

Measurement of Actinomyces pyogenes specific antibodies in bovine blood samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

In the present investigation Actinomyces pyogenes specific antigens caused an antibody response in the host. This could be determined by two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using cell extracts and a haemolysin preparation as antigens. An increased antibody titre was detectable in the sera of cows vaccinated with culture supernatants of A. pyogenes and Peptococcus indolicus, in the sera of cows infected with live cells of A. pyogenes and P. indolicus, in the sera of cows suffering from 'summer mastitis', and in part of the sera of nonvaccinated, apparently healthy cows. However, the titre of the cows that were vaccinated with culture supernatants decreased 8-9 months after inoculation. Because of the wide variation in antibody titre the determination of A. pyogenes specific antibodies seems to be only of limited use for the control of this infection.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of intestinal flora of a patient with congenital absence of the portal vein.

A 14-year-old female patient, admitted for a closer examination of liver tumour (hepatocellular adenoma), was diagnosed as having a congenital absence of the portal vein. The blood ammonia level (approximately 120 micrograms dl-1) in the superior mesenteric vein was markedly low compared to the normal value of 300-350 micrograms dl-1 in the portal vein. The decreased ammonia concentration and urease activity of the patient's faeces were demonstrated. The dominant intestinal flora in the faeces of the patient, before operation, was Bifidobacterium sp., Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium lonqum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and after the operation Bacteroides vulgatus, Veillonella parvula, Peptococcus magnus Bifidobacterium longum. In contrast, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacteroides ureolyticus, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides distasonis, B. ovatus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis were dominant flora in the faeces of two healthy volunteers, respectively. Among microorganisms isolated from the patient, Morganella morganii, Candida sp., Eubacterium aerofacience and Eubacterium rectale were strongly positive in urease activity in vitro; Streptococcus mitior, Staphylococcus intermedius, Micrococcus kristinae, Selenomonas ruminantum, Bacteroides ureolyticus and Lactobacillus casei ss. pseudoplantarum from the healthy volunteers. These results imply the homeostatic regulation system of faecal ammonia concentration by urease-producing microorganisms in the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of peritonsillar abscess in children.

Aspiration of peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) was aseptically performed in 16 children. Patients' median age was 10 years (range 6 to 17 years), and 12 were males. Unilateral abscess was present in all but one child. All aspirates were cultured for aerobes and anaerobes and yielded bacterial growth in all patients. Anaerobes were isolated in all patients; in 3 patients (19%), they were the only organism isolated, and in 13 (81%), they were mixed with aerobes. There were 91 anaerobic isolates (5.7 per specimen): 42 Bacteroides sp. (including 23 B. melaninogenicus, 5 B. oralis and 4 B. ruminicola ss. brevis); 18 anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (including 10 Peptostreptococcus sp., 4 Peptococcus sp. and 4 microaerophilic streptococci); 15 Fusobacterium sp.; and 3 Clostridium sp. There were 32 aerobic isolates (2.0 per specimen): 11 gamma-hemolytic streptococci, 8 alpha-hemolytic streptococci, 4 Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, 4 Haemophilus sp. and 3 S. aureus. Beta-lactamase production was noted in 13 isolates recovered from 11 patients (68%). These were all isolates of S. aureus (3), 8 of 23 B. melaninogenicus (35%), and 2 of 5 B. oralis (40%). Our findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in the polymicrobial etiology of peritonsillar abscesses in children, and demonstrate the presence of many beta-lactamase-producing organisms in two thirds of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Experimental studies of survival of anaerobic bacteria at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C in two different transport systems.

The survival of anaerobic bacteria on swabs in two different transport systems at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C was evaluated. The transport systems were a charcoal-impregnated cotton swab in modified Stuart transport medium (MST), and a viscose swab in modified SIFF transport medium (BTM) (Bionor). The following eight clinical strains of anaerobic bacteria were tested for quantitative recovery at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h; Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides intermedius, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptococcus magnus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, and Actinomyces israelii. Additionally, a mixture of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was tested together with Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Clostridium perfringens. Both transport systems preserved the bacteria, but the BTM medium gave a better quantitative recovery of the bacteria than the MST in 29/64 (45%) of the experiments, whereas the opposite was the case in 15/64 (23%) of the experiments (p < 0.05). There was no significant strain-related difference between the recovery of 10 different B. fragilis strains. There was no major difference in the recovery of the anaerobes in the two systems at 4 degrees C compared to 22 degrees C, except for Fusobacterium necrophorum, which survived best at 4 degrees C in the Bionor transport system.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1994

Anaerobic flora of the conjunctival sac in patients with AIDS and with anophthalmia compared with normal eyes.

Relatively few investigations of anaerobic bacteria as ocular flora have been conducted, and their results have been contradictory. The conjunctival sacs of 22 normal subjects and of 14 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and 22 anophthalmic sockets were cultured for anaerobic bacteria Thirty-four (77.3%) of the 44 eyes of normal subjects harbored anaerobic bacteria; Propionibacterium acnes was present in 28 eyes (63.6%), Lactobacillus species in 6 eyes (13.6%), and Veillonella species in 7 eyes (15.9%). The finding were very similar for anophthalmic sockets (p = 0.01), with 17 (77.3%) of the 22 sockets harboring anaerobes; Propionibacterium acnes was the organism identified in 16 (72.7%) of these sockets; Veillonella was identified in 4 (18.1%), Peptococcus niger in 3 (13.6%) and P. granulosum in 2 (9.0%) of these sockets. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients had the highest incidence of anaerobic organisms, with positive cultures obtained from 24 (85.7%) of the 28 eyes. Propionibacterium species were isolated from 16 (57.1%) of these eyes. Clostridium species from 10 (35.7%) eyes and Actinomyces species from 8 (28.6%) eyes. It thus appears that anaerobic organisms are common flora in normal conjunctival sacs and in anophthalmic sockets, as well as in the sacs of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, but the latter group had a higher incidence (x2 = 0.87) and a spectrum of organisms that was different from that of the other two groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

Comparative susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole, ornidazole, and SC-28538.

The susceptibilities of 284 anaerobic bacteria, including 55 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, were determined by an agar dilution technique to metronidazole and two newer nitroimidazoles, ornidazole and SC-28538. All three agents showed marked in vitro activity against virtually all anaerobic bacteria tested. At concentrations </=1 mug/ml, SC-28538 was significantly more active than either metronidazole or ornidazole. At concentrations of >1 mug/ml, the activities of all three agents were comparable. Propionibacterium and Actinomyces showed significant resistance to all three agents. Anaerobic and microaerophilic members of the genus Streptococcus were also often resistant, in contrast to Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus strains. In addition, the bactericidal activities of ornidazole and SC-28538 were determined against 27 strains of the B. fragilis group by a broth dilution technique. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of each agent were very close. At concentrations of </=0.5 mug/ml, SC-28538 showed greater bactericidal activity; at concentrations of >/=2 mug/ml, the activies of both agents were similar.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787): in vitro activity against anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) was tested against 239 anaerobic bacteria clinical isolates: 70 of Bacteroides fragilis, 18 of B. distasonis, 16 of B. thetaiotaomicron, 10 of B. vulgatus, 24 of Bacteroides spp., 22 of B. melaninogenicus (all three subspecies), 26 of Fusobacterium spp., 10 of Peptococcus spp., 15 of Peptostreptococcus spp., 15 of Clostridium perfringens, and 13 of Clostridium spp. Ninety-five percent of the isolates were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml, and all were inhibited by less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1984

In vitro susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867).

About 80% of 70 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis were inhibited by 4 micrograms of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) per ml. The 90% MIC of ciprofloxacin was 8 micrograms/ml for other Bacteroides species, 2 micrograms/ml for Peptococcus species, 8 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus species, and 16 micrograms/ml for Clostridium and Eubacterium species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

In vitro activity of cefbuperazone, a new cephamycin, against anaerobic bacteria.

The 90% MIC of cefbuperazone (BMY 25182) was 32 micrograms/ml for Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides spp., 128 micrograms/ml for Fusobacterium and Clostridium spp., 64 micrograms/ml for Eubacterium and Peptococcus spp., 8 micrograms/ml for Actinomyces spp., and 32 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus spp. The level of activity of cefbuperazone was higher against B. fragilis and lower against anaerobic cocci than those of related cephalosporins, i.e., cefoxitin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, and cefmenoxime. However, the activity of cefbuperazone was comparable to that of moxalactam against all groups tested. Size of inoculum and type of media used did not alter the MICs of cefbuperazone for B. fragilis. Cefbuperazone showed synergistic activity when combined with cefoxitin against resistant strains of B. fragilis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

In vitro activity of Sch 34343 and cefbuperazone against anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activities of Sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic, and cefbuperazone, a new cephamycin antibiotic, were determined against 459 clinical anaerobic bacterial isolates and compared with the activities of imipenem and cefoxitin, respectively, by an agar dilution method. Both penems showed potent and similar activity against all anaerobic bacteria tested, particularly Peptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium perfringens. All organisms except a single strain of Fusobacterium necrogenes were inhibited by an 8 micrograms/ml concentration of either Sch 34343 or imipenem. Overall, gram-positive bacilli, particularly Lactobacillus species, Clostridium difficile, and Bifidobacterium and Actinomyces species, were relatively more resistant to either penem than other genera of anaerobic bacteria tested. Cefbuperazone demonstrated only modest activity against a wide spectrum of anaerobic bacteria. It had excellent and selective activity against B. fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus but was highly inactive against Bacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron within the B. fragilis group. Both cephamycins showed virtually no activity against C. difficile and Lactobacillus spp. Although cefbuperazone was more active against Bifidobacterium spp., it had less activity against Fusobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., and all Bacteroides spp. other than B. fragilis and B. vulgatus.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

In vitro activity of DR-3355, an optically active ofloxacin.

DR-3355, the S-(-)-isomer of ofloxacin, was generally twice as potent as ofloxacin against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, and its action was bactericidal. The compound was characterized by having the highest level of activity against staphylococci, Bacteroides fragilis, and Peptococcus spp. of the fluorinated quinolones tested, including ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, and NY-198. The activity of DR-3355 was not affected by different media, inoculum size, or human serum, but decreased under acidic conditions at pH 5.0 or in human urine.

Gram-Negative Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

In vitro activity of CP-65,207, a new penem antimicrobial agent, in comparison with those of other agents.

CP-65,207 is a new parenteral penem antibiotic with a broad spectrum that includes gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic microorganisms, with MICs for 90% (MIC90s) of the majority of 1,101 clinical pathogens tested being less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. The compound was from 10- to 100-fold more active than cefoxitin and broad-spectrum cephalosporins against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes. CP-65,207 was less active than imipenem for staphylococci, group A streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. Against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, CP-65,207 was in general 100-fold more active than cefoxitin, 5- to 10-fold more active than broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and 2-fold more active than imipenem. Fresh clinical isolates that were resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins were highly susceptible to CP-65,207 and imipenem (MIC90, 1 microgram/ml). Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia marcescens, and anaerobic Peptococcus spp. had MIC90s of 8, 2, and 3.12 micrograms/ml, respectively. CP-65,207 was not very active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Killing kinetics showed that against some strains CP-65,207 is rapidly bactericidal at concentrations well below those required to achieve a similar degree of killing with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. CP-65,207 was only slightly susceptible to hydrolysis by type I cephalosporinases and TEM-1, SHV-1, and PSE-2 plasmid-encoded enzymes. It had the highest affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 2, 1A, 1B, and 3 in cell-free preparations of Escherichia coli W-7.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗