Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Paternal Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Parental behavior in Dermaptera].

Parent-young relations are far from being unvarying and simple, even within a group as homogeneous and modest in number (1000 actual species) as Dermaptera. Care of the eggs by a female and the contacts she maintains with her larvae are neither established nor developed in an automatic way, but are amenable to important regulations in which behaviour itself is implied. The presence of larvae also has an important effect on the later development of the female's behaviour. Relationships can be established between known inter and intraspecific differences and between. -- the ovarian organization and activity of each species or population, on the one hand and -- the living conditions adopted by each species or population (Labidura riparia, Anechura bipunctata, Forficula auricularia) on the other. Collecting all the eco-etho and physiological data can be useful for understanding the development of Dermapteran maternal behaviour.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Parental relationships in social Hymenoptera].

The societies of Hymenoptera are family groups where several generations live together. Parental relationships are particularly developed and are usually integrated into the division of labor. Parental behaviors include mainly licking, feeding the larvae, thermoregulation and transport of the brood, aiding in pupation and hatching. The parental relationships in social Hymenoptera are developed according to phylogenesis, in the same way as other behavioral types. These relations involve the use of specific signals, some emitted by the young and others by the adults. Some of the signals are learned during an early experience. In these insects, the progeny (or brood) constitute a basic class which is necessary to the physiological and behavioral regulations of the society.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Sex differences in responsiveness to infants: a developmental study of psychophysiological and behavioral responses.

Sex differences in responsiveness to infants were investigated by comparing physiological responses to infants with overt behavioral reactions. The former were assumed to be more biologically determined than the latter whereas overt behavioral responsiveness was presumed to be more affected by societal norms than were psychophysiological indices. The subjects were boys and girls in middle childhood and early adolescence. Psychophysiological indices showed that children, like parents, responded differentially to infant smiles and cries. As predicted, there were no sex differences on psychophysiological measures of responsiveness to babies. When permitted to interact with a baby, however, girls interacted more and ignored less than boys did. The results suggest that sex differences in overt responsiveness to babies are attributable to societal pressures rather than innate factors. Sex differences appear to wax and wane depending on the salience of sex stereotypy in differing developmental phases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Patterns of brain vasopressin receptor distribution associated with social organization in microtine rodents.

Central vasopressin pathways have been implicated in the mediation of paternal behavior, selective aggression, and affiliation in monogamous prairie voles. Here we demonstrate markedly different patterns of brain vasopressin receptor binding in the monogamous prairie vole and the congeneric nonmonogamous (promiscuous) montane vole. Vasopressin binding was assessed with both 3H-vasopressin and 125I-sarc-AVP using receptor autoradiography. The specificity of binding was consistent with a V1a receptor, the saturation kinetics were similar in the two species, and neither species showed evidence of sexual dimorphisms. In the prairie vole, highest specific binding was observed in the accessory olfactory bulb, diagonal band, laterodorsal thalamus, and superior colliculus. In the montane vole, specific binding was observed in the accessory olfactory bulb and superior colliculus as well, but in several other regions with high levels of binding in the prairie vole, binding was low or undetectable in the montane vole. In this nonmonogamous species, specific binding was high in lateral septum. Functional studies demonstrated the induction of phosphoinositol by AVP in the septum of the montane vole but not in the prairie vole. The pattern of 125I-sarc-AVP binding to lateral septum may reflect the social organization of these two species, as similar differences in AVP receptor distribution in the lateral septum were also observed in two related species, pine voles and meadow voles, which are monogamous and nonmonogamous, respectively. These results, along with earlier studies of AVP's effects on pair bonding, suggest the importance of this neuropeptide for the mediation of behaviors related to social organization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Father-newborn interaction: effects of social competence and infant state.

Indicators of both father and infant social competence were explored as predictors of four types of paternal interaction behavior: touch-affection/comfort, talk-affection/comfort, touch-stimulate, and talk-stimulate. Data collected from 114 father-newborn pairs 2 to 4 days after birth included perceived competence as a father, the infant's orientation and range of state scores on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, and the infant's behavioral state during a structured paternal-infant interaction. Infant state at the time of interaction was the best predictor, particularly of affection/comforting behavior. Infant orientation scores helped predict touch-stimulating behavior and range of state scores helped predict touch-affectional behavior. Paternal competence was a predictor of stimulating behavior. Results emphasized the importance of considering state behavior when observing fathers interacting with their newborns.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An exploration of paternal-fetal attachment behavior.

A 63-item questionnaire utilizing the modified Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (PFA) (Cranley, 1981), the Marital Relationship Scale (Wapner, 1976), and the Physical History Scale (Wapner, 1976) was tested on 100 expectant fathers who had wives in their third trimester of pregnancy. Scores on the PFA were positively correlated with the strength of the marital relationship as perceived by the expectant father during pregnancy. A positive but weak association was shown between paternal-fetal attachment and the incidence of physical symptoms resembling pregnancy in the expectant father. Further testing of the PFA and related variables is indicated.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Associations of maternal and paternal direct and differential behavior with sibling relationships: contemporaneous and longitudinal analyses.

In this study we examined associations of 4 paternal direct and differential behaviors with concurrent and longitudinal assessments of sibling relationships, as well as the unique contributions of mothers' and fathers' behavior to the sibling relationship variables. Observational assessments of maternal and paternal direct and differential behavior, as well as observational and self-report assessments of sibling relationship quality, were obtained. Only one difference emerged between rates of maternal and paternal behavior toward the children; however, paternal behavior accounted for unique variance in sibling relationship quality more often than did maternal behavior. The results are discussed in terms of relative parental availability.

Birth Order↗
PubMed2000

Mouthbrooding in the black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Pisces: Cichlidae): the presence of eggs reduces androgen and estradiol levels during paternal and maternal parental behavior.

The black-chinned tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) is considered a paternal mouthbrooder in which the male churns the eggs in his mouth for 14-18 days after they are fertilized. We previously showed that plasma androgen and estradiol concentrations increased significantly between the beginning and end of mouthbrooding. Here we provide evidence that androgen and estradiol are relatively high in prespawning male tilapia, decrease significantly with the initiation of mouthbrooding, and return to and slightly surpass prespawning levels by the end of mouthbrooding. We then test the hypothesis that the initiation of mouthbrooding causes a decrease in androgen and estradiol. We raised single pairs of tilapia in seawater aquaria and conducted two experiments. In the first, we removed eggs from males on the morning of Day 1 of mouthbrooding, followed changes in plasma androgen and estradiol in the afternoon of Day 1 and on Days 6, 11, and 16, and compared them to levels in control males who kept their eggs. Removing eggs from mouthbrooding males on the morning of Day 1 eliminated the decrease in plasma androgen and estradiol observed in the afternoon of Day 1 of mouthbrooding. This demonstrates that the eggs are necessary for the decrease. We observed that, infrequently, the female of the pair would pick up the eggs to brood them in her mouth. In a second experiment, in the afternoon of Day 1, we sampled both the male and female of pairs in which the female brooded eggs. In female-brooding pairs, the females had significantly lower androgen and estradiol levels than prespawning females. The black-chinned tilapia in captivity exhibits both paternal and maternal parental behavior. In both sexes the initiation of mouthbrooding triggers a decrease in androgen and estradiol concentrations. We conclude that the presence of eggs inhibits the pituitary-gonadal axis in both males and females and hypothesize that a chemical signal from the eggs is delaying the initiation of the next brood.

Androgens↗
PubMed2004

Rearing behavior and rearing stress of fathers with children of preschool and school age.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the paternal rearing behavior and rearing stress level between fathers with a preschooler and fathers with school children so that it can be utilized as a basic source for developing parental rearing education programs. METHODS: A descriptive comparative method was conducted to identify the paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress. Respondents were 361 fathers who had either preschoolers (n=189) or children of elementary age (n=172). RESULTS: Comparing the two group's means, the rearing activity score and rearing stress there were significant differences. In the school children's group's father, 'outdoor activity' and 'guidance on discipline activity' were significantly higher than the other group. In the preschool children's fathers group, 'play interaction activity' was statistically significant higher than the other, and the child-part mean score of paternal rearing stress was significantly higher than the other group. The correlation between paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress, indicates that more paternal rearing behavior means less paternal rearing stress. CONCLUSION: These results of this study will help design more effective rearing programs for fathers that have either preschool children or school children by providing the basic data for paternal rearing behaviors and paternal rearing stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

How well do mating frequency and duration predict paternity success in the polygynandrous water strider Aquarius remigis?

The relationship between mating success and paternity success is a key component of sexual selection but has seldom been estimated for species in which both sexes mate with many partners (polygynandry). We used a modification of Parker's sterile male technique to measure this relationship for the water strider Aquarius remigis in 47 laboratory populations simulating natural conditions of polygynandry. We also tested the hypothesis that prolonged copulation, a characteristic of this species, enhances paternity success. Mating behavior and paternity success were assayed for four days while males and females freely interacted. Paternity success was also assayed for an additional 7 days when females were isolated from males. Mating success significantly predicted paternity success and accounted for < or = 36% of the variance. Copulation duration was negatively related to both mating success and paternity success and did not explain any of the residual variance in paternity success. Thus, we found no evidence that prolonged copulation functions as a paternity assurance strategy in this species. Comparisons of sterile and fertile males suggested that paternity success is directly influenced by the quantity of sperm transferred. Our results support previous studies that have used mating success to estimate sexual selection, but also highlight the potential importance of sperm competition and other postinsemination processes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The influence of autonomy and paternalism on communicative behaviors in mother-daughter relationships prior to dependency.

Parents and their adult children rarely have discussions regarding caregiving preferences, especially before the onset of dependency. Families develop decision-making practices during caregiving, ideally, ones that maintain the care recipient's autonomy. Maintaining autonomy is essential because limiting autonomy leads to potentially negative health consequences. This study examined the attitudes of older, independent mothers and their adult daughters (n = 36 dyads) as well as their communication behaviors during decision making. All the mothers and daughters (100%) held strong beliefs in shared autonomy. Mothers (55.6%) and daughters (58.3%) were about evenly split in their strength of belief in independent autonomy. More mothers (63.9%) held strong beliefs in paternalism than did daughters (36.1%). In their conversations, daughters talked more when the mother and daughter held stronger beliefs in paternalism. These findings suggest that an individual's attitudes toward paternalism influence who controls conversations between parents and their adult children regarding caregiving, even before the parent has begun to show any signs of dependency. Once caregiving begins, it can be too late to change already ingrained patterns of decision making. Although this study takes a step toward establishing an understanding of how families develop decision-making processes utilized during caregiving, the sample size and composition limit generalizability. Future studies should follow families, as the parents make the transition from independence to dependence, to develop a better understanding of the factors involved in successfully making such a critical transition in the family's life.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Marital behavior, parenting behavior, and multiple reports of preschoolers' behavior problems: mediation or moderation?

Associations among positive and conflictual marital behavior and multiple reports of child behavior problems were examined in a community sample of 78 families with 3-year-old children. Maternal and paternal parenting behaviors were tested as potential mediators and moderators. Parents reported on child behavior problems and were observed during parent-child interaction and couple discussion in the presence of the child. Observers and preschool teachers also reported on child behavior problems. Less positive marital engagement and greater conflict were associated with observers' reports, but not with parents' or teachers' reports, of more behavior problems. Associations between marital behavior and child behavior problems were not explained by maternal or paternal behavior; stronger support was found for moderating effects of parenting. Also, positive marital engagement was a slightly better predictor of child behavior problems than was marital conflict.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paternal exposure of rabbits to lead: behavioral deficits in offspring.

Paternal exposures to exogenous agents have been reported to produce a variety of developmental defects in the offspring. In experimental animals, these effects include decreased litter size and weight, increased stillbirth and neonatal death, birth defects, tumors, and functional/behavioral abnormalities-some of these effects being transmitted to the second and third generations. The majority of experimental studies assessing nervous system function of offspring following paternal exposures have utilized rats as the experimental animal, but other species can be used. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has initiated studies to validate the rabbit as an animal model for human reproductive toxicity, because rabbits are the smallest laboratory animal from which ejaculates can be collected repeatedly. An important part of reproductive toxicology is assessment of the reproductive ability of males following exposure, as well as developmental and functional assessment of their offspring. This article describes a pilot study and a main study to investigate the feasibility of using rabbits to assess the functional effects of paternal exposure to lead. The pilot study included seven male rabbits per group exposed for 15 weeks to lead acetate sufficient to produce 0, 50, or 110 micrograms/dl blood lead. The main study included 15 male rabbits per group exposed for 15 weeks to lead acetate to produce 0, 20, 40, and 80 micrograms/dl blood lead. At the conclusion of the exposure, male rabbits were mated with unexposed females. These females carried their litters to term, delivered, and reared their own offspring. The offspring were weighed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and some at 35 days of age. They were also tested for exploratory activity in a standard figure-eight "maze" for 30 min/day on days 15, 20, 25, and 30. A second assessment of exploratory behavior, along with a simple test of aversive conditioning, was attempted in the pilot study, but was judged not to be suitable for the main study. Of the 21 male rabbits that were mated in the pilot study, 16 produced viable litters (6/7, 6/7, and 4/7 in control, low- and high-lead groups, respectively), with a mean number of 6 live births/litter in each treatment group (range 2-8). Of the 60 rabbits mated in the main study, 57 produced litters, and two rabbits died giving birth. Significant postnatal deaths were observed in all groups, with about one half of the offspring dying before testing was initiated at day 15. There were no treatment-related effects on offspring weight gain through wearing. The data suggest that paternal lead exposure of rabbits may reduce figure-eight activity on day 25, the time of peak activity in the offspring.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Imprinting of PEG3, the human homologue of a mouse gene involved in nurturing behavior.

The paternally expressed Peg3 gene in mice encodes an unusual Krüppel-type zinc finger protein implicated in critical cellular and behavioral functions including growth, apoptosis, and maternal nurturing behavior. Methylation and expression analyses were used to determine whether PEG3 on chromosome 19q13.4 is imprinted in humans. The PEG3 promoter is encompassed within a large CpG-rich region that is differentially methylated in fetal tissues. Furthermore, expression studies demonstrate that PEG3 is ubiquitously imprinted throughout development and postnatally. Multiple isoforms of the PEG3 gene, including a novel transcript, are paternally expressed. These results are the first to show that human chromosome 19q13.4 contains an imprinted region. The imprinted status of PEG3 throughout life coupled with its neural expression and putative roles in regulating cell growth suggests that PEG3 may be a susceptibility locus for cancer as well as neurobehavioral deficits.

Amino Acid Sequence↗