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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The effect of microdebriders on tissue for histological diagnosis.

Microdebriders are an innovation in endonasal surgery which enable accurate and precise removal of tissue without damaging the surrounding mucosa. Concern has been expressed, however, that the instrument may render excised tissue unsuitable for histological diagnosis. This problem is further compounded by the fact that the Hummer (Stryker UK Ltd) microdebrider does not incorporate a mechanism for collecting specimens at the time of removal. Twenty-one patients with sinonasal polyposis underwent endoscopic sinus surgery using the microdebrider. Specimens were collected at the time of surgery via an in-line specimen trap. Simultaneous conventional biopsies of adjacent tissue were taken for comparison. The tissue was fixed in formalin then routinely processed to paraffin wax prior to staining with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). A histological diagnosis was made in all 21 patients. A single unsuspected transitional cell papilloma was found. The remaining 20 specimens consisted of inflammatory nasal polypi. In two non-caseating granulomas were identified. Traumatic artefact was limited to the respiratory epithelium. The sub-epithelial tissue was unaffected and metaplastic epithelium appeared intact. The use of microdebriders does not preclude the submission of tissue for histological analysis. Tissue obtained has limited artefact and is suitable for pathological diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in treatment of perennial and seasonal rhinitis: a review of five years' experience.

1. Five years' experience in the use of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol (BDA) in the treatment of 315 patients with upper respiratory tract allergy is reviewed. 2. A total of 223 patients with perennial rhinitis was treated. In 23, where the nasal allergy had recurred after oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma was withdrawn, BDA was effective in 69% of cases. A similar success rate (68%) was recorded in 169 patients suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis alone, but a satisfactory response was observed in only 45% of 31 patients with nasal polypi. 3. In 92 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis freedom from symptoms was achieved in 80%. 4. A total of approximately 534 patient-years of treatment has been recorded without any evidence of side-effects either clinically or on nasal biopsy.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1976

Aspirin idiosyncrasy in patients admitted for nasal polypectomy.

Investigation of 100 consecutive patients admitted for nasal polypectomy revealed only 3 patients with aspirin idiosyncrasy and asthma. It is important that this combination be recognized but fortunately this can be done by the history. Incidental findings were that nasal polypi are much commoner in men and that the incidence of atopy was the same as that in the general population.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1986

Unusual polypoidal tumours of the nasal cavity: a clinicopathological review of 18 cases.

A variety of nasal conditions may present as simple polypi. Clinically, these lesions, some very rare, present a diagnostic problem. Eighteen cases of unusual lesions which were thought to be simple polyps on clinical grounds are reviewed with the relevant literature. The series includes 2 olfactory neuroblastomas, a haemangiopericytoma and a basal encephalocoele. Atypical features from the history and examination are highlighted. It is emphasized that every nasal polyp must be submitted for histological examination and the pathology report consulted when the patient is reviewed. Failure to do so delays appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Clinical settings in pseudomembranous colitis.

Renewed interest in pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) has occurred in recent years due to an increased incidence following the introduction of the antibiotics clindamycin and lincomycin. However, the disease was well known before the antibiotic era. In this paper the histopathological features are reemphasised and the similarity to early amoebic colitis is stressed. From a background of 32 patients, some unusual clinical settings are described. These consist of an association with renal transplantation; the demonstration of the lesion on the mucosal surface of rectal polypi and metaplastic bladder mucosa; its occurrence in an area of isolated ileum presenting as a "blind loop syndrome"; and examples suggesting that this disease can exist for quite long periods of time or may recur several times in the same patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Incontinence following transurethral resection of the bladder neck in the female.

Incontinence is an unwelcome complication of transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder neck in the female. A computerised analysis of 238 procedures performed during the period 1940 to 1972 was carried out to assess the morbidity due to this complication and to evaluate possible predisposing factors. Initially 15.2% of patients were incontinent but 70% of these soon became continent without further treatment. The remaining 4.7% were treated by surgical or other measures. The incidence of incontinence was unrelated to the amount of tissue removed or to the number of operations, but was significantly lower when the operation was done for polypi of the bladder neck and significantly higher in patients with a cystocele or urethrocele. It seems possible to reduce the incidence of incontinence by careful selection of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of oxygen depletion on norepinephrine- and carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in rat brain slices.

We examined the effects of in vitro anoxia and in vivo hypoxia (8% O2/92% N2) on norepinephrine (NE)- and carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) turnover in rat brain slices. The formation of 3H-labeled polyPI in cortical slices was impaired by in vitro anoxia and fully restored by reoxygenation. Accumulation of 3H-labeled myo-inositol phosphates (3H-IPs) stimulated by 10(-5) M NE was significantly reduced by anoxia (control at 60 min, 1,217 +/- 86 cpm/mg of protein; anoxia for 60 min, 651 +/- 82 cpm/mg; mean +/- SEM; n = 5; p less than 0.01), and reoxygenation following anoxia resulted in overshooting of the accumulation (control at 120 min, 1,302 +/- 70 cpm/mg; anoxia for 50 min plus oxygenation for 70 min, 1,790 +/- 126 cpm/mg; n = 5; p less than 0.01). The underlying mechanisms for the two phenomena--the decrease caused by anoxia and the overshooting caused by reoxygenation following anoxia--seemed to be completely different because of the following observations. (a) Although the suppression of NE-stimulated accumulation at low O2 tensions was also observed in Ca2+-free medium, the overshooting in response to reoxygenation was not. (b) Carbachol-stimulated accumulation was significantly reduced by anoxia and was restored by reoxygenation only to control levels. Thus, the postanoxic overshooting in accumulation of 3H-IPs seems to be a specific response to NE. (c) The decrease observed at low O2 tensions was due to a decrease in Emax value, whereas the postanoxic overshooting was due to a decrease in EC50 value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Possible existence of two subsets of platelet-activating factor receptor to mediate polyphosphoinositide breakdown and calcium influx in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG 108-15 cells.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) initiated polyphosphoinositide (polyPI) breakdown and a rise of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG 108-15 cells. The accumulation of [3H]inositol trisphosphate and [3H]inositol bisphosphate was evident within 15 s after PAF stimulation, peaked at 1 min, and then gradually decayed. The increase in [3H]inositol monophosphate level was observed at 30 s, plateaued in 5 min, and was sustained up to 10 min in the presence of 10 mM LiCl. On the other hand, the rise of [Ca2+]i evoked by PAF reached a peak within 8-12 s and returned to basal levels within 1 min as measured in fura 2-loaded cells. When cells were suspended in Ca(2+)-depleted medium, the PAF-induced [Ca2+]i rise was reduced by 80%, indicating that the increase of [Ca2+]i was predominantly due to the Ca2+ influx from an extracellular source. Both PAF-induced accumulation of 3H-labeled inositol phosphates and [Ca2+]i elevation were concentration dependent with EC50 values of approximately 1 x 10(-10) and 5 x 10(-8) M, respectively. The PAF analogs 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerol-3-phosphocholine were much poorer agonists at eliciting the same responses in these cells. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin caused a substantial inhibition of PAF-induced accumulation of 3H-inositol phosphates. In contrast, the rise in [Ca2+]i was not significantly affected by toxin treatment at the same concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Operative colonoscopy.

In 12 patients with radiologically-proved lesions of the colon total retrograde fibreoptic colonoscopy was performed on the unopened bowel at laparotomy. Additional polyps were found in five patients, and in four of these the polyp was not readily palpable through the bowel wall. This procedure is indicated whenever there are reasonable grounds for suspecting the presence of multiple polypi.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A histological study of the effect of chronic gastritis on gastrin cell distribution in the human stomach.

To determine the effect of varying degrees of gastritis on the distribution of immuno-reactive gastrin cells 38 partial gastrectomy specimens have been studied. Routinely stained histological sections of mucosa were compared with serial and adjacent sections stained by specific immunohistochemistry using peroxidase and fluorescent techniques. While chronic superficial gastritis had no obvious effect, mild atrophic gastritis was associated with an uneven distribution of gastrin cells which became more marked with increasing severity of gastritis. In the region of intestinal metaplasia gastrin cells were almost totally absent. Small numbers of gastrin cells were found within areas of pseudopyloric metaplasia in the fundus, a region where those cells are not normally seen. Similarly, gastrin cells were detected within regenerative gastric polypi in both antrum and fundus.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

Childhood cancers: hepatoblastoma.

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor in children, accounting for just over 1% of pediatric cancers. The etiology is unknown, but it has been associated with Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome, familial adenomatosis polypi, and low birth weight. The primary treatment is surgical resection, however, chemotherapy plays an important role by increasing the number of tumors that are resectable. The prognosis for patients with resectable tumors is fairly good, however, the outcome for those with nonresectable or recurrent disease is poor.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective randomized blinded cross-over trial using nasal drops in patients with nasal polyposis: an evaluation of effectiveness and comfort level of two head positions.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and the degree of discomfort caused by the Mygind's (supine and head extended) position and the lying on the side head down (LSHD) position used for instilling nasal drops. We performed a prospective randomized blinded cross-over trial. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with nasal polyps were recruited and were given Betnesol nasal drops for 6 weeks after assessing their peak nasal inspiratory flow rate and grading the polyps. The assessor was blinded to the position used by the patient that was selected randomly. The patients were reviewed after 6 weeks when both their flow rates and their polyp grades were reassessed. They were given a visual analog chart to record the ease by which drops could be instilled and any discomfort caused by the position. After a 2-week washout period the patients were treated for another 6 weeks with the same drops using the other head position. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients completed the study. The LSHD and Mygind's positions were equally effective in controlling the nasal polypi. Mygind's position was easier to instill drops in the nose although LSHD position caused less discomfort for the patient. The nasal peak inspiratory flow increased linearly as the polyp size decreased. In 86 and 90% of the patients the nasal obstruction and nasal discharge, respectively, were well controlled. CONCLUSION: The drops were efficacious in both head positions. The LSHD position caused the least discomfort, although patients found Mygind's position easier to instill drops. Steroid nasal drops are an effective way to manage patients with nasal polyposis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate/calcium polyphosphate complexes in eukaryotic membranes.

Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate/calcium polyphosphate (PHB-CaPolyPi) complexes exist as labile quasi-crystalline structures in bacterial plasma membranes. The composition, structure, and distribution of the complex suggest it may play a role in the regulation of intracellular calcium and in calcium signaling. The importance of these functions led to this investigation of the occurrence of PHB-CaPolyPi complexes in eukaryotes. A variety of plant and animal systems were analyzed and all were found to contain PHB associated with CaPolyPi. The intracellular location of the complex in bovine liver was primarily the mitochondria and microsomes, with smaller amounts in the plasma membranes. Eukaryotic PHB had the same narrow range of chain lengths (120-200 subunits) as PHB in bacterial membranes, and was associated with PolyPi of somewhat greater length (170-220) than the bacterial counterpart (130-170).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Carbohydrate antigens CA 19-9, CA 242, CA 50 in liver diseases].

UNLABELLED: Serum concentrations of CA 19-9, CA 242, and CA 50 were determined in patients with hepatitis and liver cirrhosis without cholestasis. The study included 63 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (group A), chronic active hepatitis (group B), and liver cirrhosis (group C). The control group (K) consisted of 82 patients with: peptic ulcer, colorectal polypi or diverticulosis of the colon. CA 19-9 level normal in the majority of patients with liver diseases, however, it was found to be increased in 4 (23%) of patients with liver cirrhosis. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of increased level of CA 19-9 between liver diseases and the control group. The rate of elevated serum level of CA 242 in patients with liver diseases and in control group was similar respectively 12%; 8.5%). The elevated CA 50 levels were most frequently found in patients with liver pathology (50% in liver cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis; 36% in chronic persistent hepatitis). CONCLUSION: The elevation of CA 50 serum level occurs very often in liver diseases, even when they are going without cholestasis. Thus, the antigen is not useful for differentiating between benign and cancer diseases of gastrointestinal tract. Antigen CA 50 is to be taken into account only after exclusion of the pathology of liver, especially cirrhosis. Other investigated antigens: CA 19-9 and CA 242 are influenced by liver diseases to a minor and neglectable extent. Antigen CA 19-9 is the marker of choice in gastrointestinal cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Different treatments of the middle turbinate and maxillary sinus in endoscopic sinus surgery and the curative effect].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the long-term therapeutic efficacy endoscopic sinus surgery with different treatments of the middle turbinate and maxillary sinus. METHODS: Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in 391 patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polypi, who were followed up for 0.5 to 2.5 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Of the patients receiving the operation, 328 were cured, 53 showed improvement, and 10 failed to respond to the treatment, with a total efficacy rate of 97.5%. The major complication of this surgery was nasal cavity adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate treatment of the middle turbinate and maxillary sinus in endoscopic sinus surgery with postoperative comprehensive therapy may enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce postoperative complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of the treatment of unexpected gallbladder cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the secondary operation methods and the effects on the prognosis of unexpected gallbladder cancer (UGC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis on the clinical data was made for 41 patients who underwent extended radical excision from June 1995 to December 2002. Among the patients, 12 were male, 29 were female. The average age was 51 years old. The 41 patients had undergone gallbladder excision because of cholecystitis complicated lithiasis of gallbladder (32 cases), polypi of gallbladder or adenoma (9 cases). Postoperative pathology showed that 32 cases were adenocarcinoma of gallbladder, 6 cases were squamous carcinoma, 3 cases were squamous adenocarcinoma. Six cases were on the stage of Nevin I, 16 on Nevin II, 17 on Nevin III, 2 on Nevin IV. The second operation was performed after 6-30 d of the first operation. The second operation chose the improved method of Glenn excision of carcinoma of gallbladder. RESULTS: On the second operation, 14 cases were with lymphatic metastasis, 14 with gallbladder metastasis, 6 with bile duct metastasis, 2 with pancreas metastasis. Fourteen cases were on the stage of Nevin IV, 9 on Nevin V, none on Nevin I, II and III. After the second operation, 1 year survival rate was 100% (41 cases); The three-year survival rate was 53.8% (22 cases); The five-year survival rate was 17.5% (7 cases). CONCLUSION: Extended radical excision is one of the most important methods for the treatment of UGC.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Gastric carcinoid polyp and type A atrophic gastritis].

Three cases of gastric carcinoid polypi associated to atrophic gastritis and high levels of seric gastrin, are presented. One of the cases was a multiple micropolyposis the literature regarding this association is reviewed and the therapy discussed. Tumors of greater than 2 cm have to be considered potentially malignant and be treated likewise. The treatment of the micropolyposis is not well established.

Achlorhydria↗