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PubMed1990

Cervical osteophytes: their significance in ENT practice (ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis--Forestier's disease).

The condition known as ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis or Forestier's disease is described. Eight cases are reviewed where the radiological findings warranted this diagnosis. Their presenting symptoms are summarized as are their responses to treatment. The relevance of this diagnosis is discussed with emphasis being placed on the importance of thorough investigation of these patients. In those for whom no other cause has been found for their symptoms, the various therapeutic options are outlined with the possible complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Differential effects of local application of BMP-2 or TGF-beta 1 on both articular cartilage composition and osteophyte formation.

OBJECTIVE: The related molecules bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) have both been shown to stimulate chondrocyte proteoglycan (PG) synthesis in vitro. We investigated the in-vivo effects of these factors on articular cartilage PG metabolism. DESIGN: Several doses of BMP-2 or TGF-beta 1 were injected into the murine knee joint, once or repeatedly. Patellar cartilage PG synthesis was measured by [35S]-sulfate incorporation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PG content was analyzed by measuring safranin O staining intensity on histologic sections. RESULTS: A single injection of 200 ng BMP-2 induced a much earlier and more impressive stimulation of articular cartilage PG synthesis, than 200 ng TGF-beta 1. RT-PCR revealed that both factors upregulated mRNA of aggrecan more than that of biglycan and decorin. However, 21 days after a single injection of 200 ng TGF-beta 1 PG synthesis still was significantly increased, while stimulation by BMP-2 only lasted for 3 to 4 days. Stimulation by BMP-2 could be prolonged to at least 2 weeks by triple injections of 200 ng each, at alternate days. Remarkably, even after this intense exposure to BMP-2, stimulation of PG synthesis was not reflected in long-lasting enhancement of PG content of articular cartilage. In contrast, even a single injection with 200 ng of TGF-beta 1 induced prolonged enhancement of PG content. After repeated injections, both BMP-2 and TGF-beta 1 induced chondrogenesis at specific sites. 'Chondrophytes' induced by BMP-2 were found predominantly in the region where the growth plates meet the joint space, while those triggered by TGF-beta 1 originated from the periosteum also at sites remote from the growth plates. CONCLUSIONS: BMP-2 and TGF-beta stimulate PG synthesis and PG content with different kinetics, and these factors have different chondro-inductive properties.

Animals↗