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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Non-invasive diagnosis of carotid artery disease.

Non-invasive carotid evaluation has been developed in an effort to delineate safely the pathological anatomy and hemodynamic effects of carotid atherosclerotic disease. Non-invasive tests can be divided into direct tests which examine the hemodynamics. Following tests are considered as indirect tests: ophthalmodynamometry, doppler examination, oculoplethysmography and as direct tests: phonoangiography, Doppler ultrasound en Duplex scanning. A combination of a direct and indirect test will augment the sensitivity and specificity of the evaluation of carotid artery disease.

Angiography↗
PubMed1989

Effect of topical timolol maleate on the ophthalmic artery blood pressure.

The effects of topical timolol maleate 0.5% on the ophthalmic artery diastolic (OABPd), systolic (OABPs) and mean blood pressure (OABPm) were investigated in 19 healthy subjects using compression ophthalmodynamometry. In a randomized, double-blind study, one eye of each subject received one drop of timolol maleate 0.5% and the fellow eye received a drop of placebo. Measurements of OABPd and OABPs were performed just prior to instillation of the drops, and then 2 hr later. OABPm was calculated as OABPm = OABPd + 1/3 (OABPs - OABPd). No significant changes in OABPd, OABPs or OABPm were observed following the drops in the timolol-treated eyes or in the placebo-treated eyes. A significant difference (P = 0.0198) was found, however, when the changes in OABPm occurring in the timolol-treated eyes were compared with the changes occurring in the placebo-treated eyes, suggesting that the drug may have an effect upon ophthalmic artery pressure and retinal artery pressure that is expressed differently in each eye.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical aspects and functional diagnostic findings of Takayasu disease].

Aetiopathogenesis, clinical picture, laboratorical and functional diagnostic methods of ten patients suffering from Takayasu's arteritis out of 1164 patients suspicious of cerebrovascular insufficiency are described. The combined use of Dopplersonography, ophthalmodynamometry and ophthalmodynamography permit in all cases the assessment of vascular pathology in supraaortic arteries. The specific diagnosis was made in connection which clinical, anamnestical and paraclinical findings. There are some characteristic functional diagnostic results in Takayasu's arteritis. The noninvasive diagnostic methods are useful tools to estimate the progredience of this disease in his chronical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular manifestations of gravity inversion.

To determine the ocular manifestations of inverting the human body into a head-down vertical position, we evaluated normal volunteers with applanation tonometry, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and ophthalmodynamometry. Compared with data obtained in the sitting position, the intraocular pressure more than doubled on inversion (35.6 +/- 4 v 14.1 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, n = 16), increasing to levels well within the glaucomatous range. Pressures in the central retinal artery underwent similar increases, while the caliber of the retinal arterioles decreased substantially. External ocular findings associated with gravity inversion included orbital congestion, conjunctival hyperemia, petechiae of the eyelids, excessive tearing (epiphora), and subconjunctival hemorrhage. We suggest that patients with retinal vascular abnormalities, macular degeneration, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, and similar disorders refrain from inversion altogether. Whether normal individuals will suffer irreversible damage from inversion is uncertain, but it seems prudent to recommend that prolonged periods of inverted posturing be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Improvement in the retinal circulation after superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery bypass.

The retinal circulation of 35 patients (age, 30 to 71 years) with symptomatic internal carotid occlusion (22 cases) or severe inaccessible stenosis (13 cases) was studied both before and after superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery using ophthalmodynamometry (ODM) and intravenous fundus fluorescein angiography (IVFA). Ninety-four per cent of the patients were found preoperatively to have funduscopic findings or symptoms indicative of ocular ischemia. ODM values were abnormal preoperatively in 32 of 35 patients (91%), and improvement in ODM values for the ipsilateral eye was noted postoperatively in 25 patients (71%). ODM values obtained during the early (less than 3 months) and late (greater than 3 months) postoperative periods were significantly improved when compared to the preoperative values. IVFA values were abnormal in 25 of 29 patients (86%) preoperatively, and significant improvement was noted in 22 of 25 patients (88%) postoperatively. Preoperative patients with normal fundus examinations (10 cases) had significantly better values for IVFA and ODM than patients with venous stasis retinopathy. The findings of the study showed that STA-MCA anastomosis is beneficial in treating retinal ischemia secondary to ipsilateral severe inaccessible carotid artery stenosis or occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Temporary blindness as a symptoms of circulatory disorder].

Patients with amaurosis fugax (transient monocular blindness) have been studied including an ophthalmodynamometry. In most of the cases there were general circulatory disturbances with marked orthostatic decrease of the ophthalmic pressure, and comparatively seldom carotid stenosis and hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Differentiation of retrobulbar ischaemic optic nerve lesions (author's transl)].

Clinical ophthalmological findings and results of fluorescein angiography, ophthalmodynamometry and ophthalmic artery Doppler sonography allow differentiation of several forms of retrobulbar ischaemic neuropathy: 1. Acute ischaemic laminar to retrolaminar neuropathy. 2. Acute posterior ischaemic neuropathy. 3. Chronic retrobulbar ischaemic neuropathy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Ischemic or non-ischemic central artery occlusion. An explanation for the development or lack of development of neovascularization].

In a retrospective study we analyzed 29 central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO) with reference to the findings of ophthalmodynamometry (ODM) and fluorescein angiograms (FLA). We tried to find explanations for the relatively low rate of neovascularization in CRAO and predictive constellations for CRAO that will develop neovascularization. In 5 eyes the pathologic findings were classed as ischemic ophthalmopathy because of carotid or ophthalmic artery stenosis: 2 of these 5 eyes showed iris neovascularization (rubeosis iridis), while the other 3 "only" showed a CRAO with no clinical signs of ischemic ophthalmopathy. Of the remaining 24 eyes with CRAO there were 2 eyes with rubeosis iridis, which could be attributed to the CRAO itself (8.3%). FLA revealed ischemic perfusion of the retina in these 2 cases. ODM revealed reperfusion of the central artery (CRA) in 17 of 25 eyes with CRAO (71%) within the first 2 weeks. In 2 blind eyes that were re-examined 3 and 5 months after CRAO no iris or retinal neovascularization was found despite persisting malperfusion of CRA. In these 2 cases the minimal retinal perfusion needed because of complete retinal necrosis was sufficient explanation for the nonevolution of neovascularization. If ischemia is the essential condition for neovascularization, we can propose two explanations for non-development of neovascularization after CRAO: either there is adequate recanalization (majority of cases) or the need for perfusion is minimal or zero. Only in cases of persisting malperfusion and partially surviving retinal tissue (function!) will neovascularization perhaps develop. ODM is an adequate method of estimating the perfusion of CRA.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1979

The ocular aspects of bypass surgery of the carotid artery.

A new neurosurgical procedure, anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to the middle cerebral artery, is being performed with increasing frequency. Over a 7-year period (1971 through 1977), 121 patients have undergone this operation in our institution. Ophthalmodynamometry may be of great help in identifying occlusion of an internal carotid artery. Progressing venous stasis retinopathy and ischemic orbital pain are believed to be indications for bypass surgery of the carotid artery.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of ophthalmological investigations in patients with intracranial aneurysms late after ligation of the common carotid artery].

In the Ophthalmology Department, Medical Academy in Białystok control examinations of 17 patients aged 48-65 years were carried out late after ligation of the common carotid artery for intracranial aneurysm. The control group comprised 10 patients with such aneurysms not treated surgically. Using ophthalmodynamometry (Sobański method) reduction was found of the pressure in the central artery of the retina on the side of the ligated artery as compared to the contralateral eye and control group. Besides that, impairment of the visual functions was demonstrated in these cases, related probably to haemodynamic disturbances in the visual system following ligation of the common carotid artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Repetitive syncopale loss of consciousness by properly functioning pacemaker. Ophthalmodynamographic, ophthalmodynamometric, and cerebral-scinitigraphic investigations (author's transl)].

In spite of an intact pacemaker function, 3.8% of 444 patients with an implanted cardiac pacemaker taking part in a regular follow-up program had repetitive syncopes. The investigation thereafter, whether or not these attacks were symptoms of occlusive vascular disease of the carotid arteries, included a thorough physical and angiological examination, ophthalmodynamometry (ODM), ophthalmodynamography (ODG), and radionuclide angiography. The results were compared to those of a group of 46 cardiac pacemaker patients without syncopes after the implantation of the pacemaker: 29% of the patients with syncopes and 15% of the patients without syncopes showed ODM-, ODG-, and radionuclide angiography results compatible with carotid artery insufficiency; statistically, however, the group differences were insignificant. The reasons are discussed why ODM, ODG, and radionuclide angiography appear to be ineffective for the diagnosis of carotid artery occlusion in patients with an implanted cardiac pacemaker.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemodynamics of optic nerve and retina in patients with unstable glaucoma and normal intraocular pressure].

The authors analyze the causes of the progress of glaucomatous atrophy of the optic nerve in normal ophthalmic tone. Ninety-four patients (105 eyes) with different stages of glaucoma were examined; intraocular pressure in them was normalized by drug therapy or surgery. In additional to functional studies, hemodynamics was assessed in all the patients by fluorescent angiography of the optic disk, vacuum ophthalmodynamometry, and ultrasonic dopplerography of the carotid artery, orbital artery, and central retinal artery. Perfusion pressure in the orbital and central retinal arteries depends on the total-systems arterial pressure, and disorders of systemic circulation are hypothesized as one cause of decreased perfusion of the optic nerve and retina. Therapy for glaucomatous atrophy of the optic nerve and retina should include, along with normalization of intraocular pressure, measures aimed at maintaining a high level of perfusion pressure and volumic bloodflow.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

History of occlusive cerebrovascular disease. II. After Moniz, with special reference to surgical treatment.

Angiography and related procedures are discussed. Ophthalmodynamometry, recording of bruits and temporal pulse, and thermography have been mentioned. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and some causes are described: embolic obstruction, followed by absorption of the clot or its removal in the blood, with symtomatic recovery; hemodynamic crisis resulting from lowering of systemic blood pressure by hemorrhage due to trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, and other causes with recovery following blood replacement. Special types of occlusive disease include fibromuscular hyperplasia of the carotid, dissecting aneurysm of the aortic arch and branches, causing carotid and vertebral occlusions, moyamoya disease, and low profusion syndrome, generalized or unilateral. Surgical management includes reconstructive surgery and endarterectomy of extracranial vessels supplying the brain and extracranial-intracranial vascular anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Unilateral blindness as a complication of carotid angiography (author's transl)].

In a patient with stenosis of the left internal carotid artery acute amaurosis of the left eye was observed after carotid arteriography. The macular branches of the central retinal artery and of the cilioretinal artery were obliterated by embolic material. Two further patients with carotid occlusion and stenosis, in whom spontaneous loss of vision occured, are presented. In such cases the diagnosis may be made with comparable accuracy by other methods, such as ophthalmodynamometry or angioscintigraphy, which entail risk to the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effects of altered retinal vascular perfusion pressure on the white flash scotopic ERG and oscillatory potentials in man.

The oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the flash-elicited electroretinogram b-wave have been identified as sensitive indices of abnormalities within the retinal circulation. A recent study by Lovasik and Kothe has identified the rod system as being more vulnerable than the cone system to transient alterations of the retinal vascular perfusion pressure (RVPP). In view of these previous findings, we investigated the susceptibility of the scotopic OPs to altered retinal perfusion, in 10 normotensive paid volunteers between 21 and 31 years of age. A transient increase in RVPP was effected by body inversion, while a transient decrease in RVPP was obtained by suction ophthalmodynamometry. Group averaged data showed that OP-1 to OP-4 decreased in amplitude with either an increase or a decrease in RVPP. In contrast to all other OPs, OP-5 was reduced to a greater degree when RVPP was decreased and showed a pronounced gain in amplitude as RVPP was increased. Our study has isolated a component-specific vulnerability to altered retinal perfusion. This finding may be interpreted as indicating a different retinal site of origin for the generators of OP-5. The heightened sensitivity of OP-5 to alteration of the RVPP may offer diagnostic advantage for investigating chronic diseases causing retinal ischemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Serial development of 'de novo' aneurysms after carotid ligation: case report.

A case demonstrating the serial development of "de novo" aneurysms following common carotid ligation is presented. Persistence of the hemodynamic changes caused by carotid ligation, proven by ophthalmodynamometry performed twenty-five years later, might be the underlying basis for the serial formation of de novo aneurysms. The need for a program of routine neuroradiological follow-up in patients undergoing carotid ligation is discussed.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1998

The effects of carotid endarterectomy on ocular haemodynamics.

PURPOSE: To determine the profile of blood flow velocities and resistive indices in the ocular vessels of patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease and characterise the effect of endarterectomy on these parameters. METHODS: Following a preliminary study on healthy volunteers, ophthalmic colour Doppler ultrasound examinations were performed on 27 male and 11 female patients with carotid disease. These measurements were compared with central retinal artery perfusion pressures and intraoperative internal carotid artery stump pressures. RESULTS: Significant changes were seen on the endarterectomised side. The peak systolic velocity in the ophthalmic artery, and resistive indices in the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery and nasal posterior ciliary artery, rose from pre-operative values. No correlation between colour Doppler ultrasound measurements and intraoperative internal carotid artery stump pressures was present. When compared with ophthalmodynamometry readings, a relationship was noted with maximum velocities in the central retinal vein. CONCLUSION: Carotid endarterectomy alters the haemodynamics in selected vessels of the ocular circulation as measured by colour Doppler ultrasound, but more work is required to determine the clinical utility of this investigative modality.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Systemic factors in patients with low-tension glaucoma.

Nineteen patients (38 eyes) with low-tension glaucoma were compared with 53 subjects (106 eyes) with ocular hypertension. Comparable for age and sex, the 2 groups were assessed with respect to haematological and biochemical criteria, physical activity, and medical history. Statistical analyses of the differences between the 2 groups highlighted the importance of diastolic ophthalmodynamometry levels, prediagnosis exercise habits, cardiovascular disease status, and possibly systolic blood pressure. Patients with low-tension glaucoma suffered a higher prevalence of multiple abnormalities of these systemic factors than did their ocular hypertensive counterparts. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to the many other factors examined.

Adult↗