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PubMed2002

Occupational injury prevention research: progress and priorities.

The twentieth century witnessed remarkable reductions in the number and rate of occupational fatalities and injuries. However, many preventable injuries and deaths still occur. Barriers to progress in occupational injury prevention are discussed, along with strategies for overcoming them. In mining, the frequency of death has dramatically declined over the century. The latest figures from the BLS indicate that less than 6000 worker deaths from injury occurred in 2000. Catastrophic events have prompted increased attention, resources, and action on workplace hazards and risks, resulting in sweeping changes, including new protective laws. Science based approaches to prevention have contributed to progress. Multidisciplinary collaboration among injury prevention researchers, and collaboration and cooperation among multiple sectors, have improved the relevance and application of injury prevention research and development. Barriers to further progress include lack of evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention strategies and technologies, including cost effectiveness; lack of widespread implementation of known, effective prevention; and lack of efficient transfer and implementation of prevention knowledge and products to the workplace. Evaluation and implementation of prevention efforts are most successfully achieved in partnership between researchers and the industry at risk, which requires outreach efforts on the part of the occupational research community.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1998

Knowledge discovery and case based reasoning in health promotion: development of a help-desk for prevention of occupational injuries.

This paper presents the concepts, ideas and techniques behind Case Based Reasoning (CBR) in relation to knowledge extraction techniques for health promotion. The ultimate goal is to develop a help-desk service for advice about preventive measures to be taken concerning concrete occupational injury hazards. CBR has been suggested to be a complimentary method to knowledge extraction in order to take direct advantages of large databases for building decision support systems. In this work a database on work injuries is being used to develop a CBR application using a CBR shell-called Recall.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Occupational injuries among Boston bicycle messengers.

BACKGROUND: Urban bicycle couriers may have a high incidence of injuries. Most messengers work as contractors and hence their injuries are not well documented. METHODS: To quantify injury rates and severity among urban bicycle couriers a convenience sample of 113 couriers in the city of Boston completed a two-page self-administered survey. RESULTS: Most working couriers have suffered at least one injury resulting either in days lost from work (70%) and in visits to a health-care professional or hospital (55%). The annual incidence rate for injuries resulting in days away from work was 47/100-bike couriers. Bone fractures accounted for the most days lost from work, followed by dislocations, sprains, and strains. Collisions and avoiding collisions with motor vehicles, including being "doored," and collisions with pedestrians accounted for the majority (66%) of events leading to injury. Twenty-four percent of messengers reported wearing a helmet on a regular basis, and 32% have health insurance. CONCLUSIONS: Urban bicycle messengers are a poorly documented, largely unstudied workforce who suffer a very high rate of occupational injury.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Occupational injuries of physiotherapists in North and Central Queensland.

The National Occupational Health and Safety Commission of Australia has identified musculoskeletal injuries in the health industry as a key area of concern. There is little data available on injuries to physiotherapists. This study aimed to investigate the nature, prevalence, job risk factors and consequences of occupational injuries, with particular focus on musculoskeletal injuries, experienced by physiotherapists in North and Central Queensland. A work-related musculoskeletal injury was defined as pain lasting more than three days that the respondent felt was cause by their work as a physiotherapist. Fifty-five per cent of respondents had experienced a work-related injury and 40% had experienced injury in the previous year. The most injured body areas were the low back, hands and neck. Over half (56%) of the initial episodes of injury occurred within five years of graduation. The job risk factors of most concern to injured respondents were sustained demanding postures, manual therapy techniques, repetition, working while injured and excessive workloads. Injured respondents chose to work while injured and not to take time off on workers' compensation or have surgery. Following injury, 38 of respondents changed work settings. Most injured physiotherapists modified their techniques to continue working. Further research is needed to develop effective preventative strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Occupational injuries in Dunedin.

Attendances for work-related injury at the accident and emergency department, Dunedin Hospital over a 10 week period are described. The number of workers attending from Dunedin city, St Kilda and Green Island boroughs was 655, the overall rate being 15.8/1000 workers. The injury rate varied according to age, sex, ethnicity, occupation and industry. Laceration, strain/sprain and foreign body in the eye were the most common injuries and machinery was the commonest cause of injury. Small factories had significantly higher rates for lost time injuries compared with large factories. Serious under reporting of occupational injury to the Department of Labour was identified.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2003

Occupational injury and illness among migrant and seasonal farmworkers in New York State and Pennsylvania, 1997-1999: pilot study of a new surveillance method.

BACKGROUND: Traditional worksite injury surveillance methods are often ineffective for Northeastern farms employing seasonal harvest labor. Many are small farms, exempt from mandatory injury reporting. The high proportion of foreign workers and the temporary nature of the work further discourages reporting. Therefore, an alternative migrant health center-based occupational injury and illness surveillance system was piloted during 1997-1999. METHODS: Anonymous medical chart data from nine migrant health centers and four regional hospital emergency rooms was collected during 1997-1999. RESULTS: There were 516 injury/illness cases over two seasons. Joint/muscle straining (31%), falling (18%), poison ivy contact (10%), and object strikes (8%) were most common injurious events. The participation rate of health care was 75%; 130 cases were reported by hospital emergency rooms; and optimal health center participation was associated with: being a farmworker-dedicated program, and including the chart reviewer in the health center's decision to participate. CONCLUSIONS: Further development of a medical records-based surveillance system should include hospital emergency rooms and focus on identified health center performance factors.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1995

Occupational Injuries: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment.

The authors review the current data on patterns of adolescent employment and examine the epidemiology of work-related injuries among adolescents in the U.S. They summarize the laws that have been created to protect adolescents against exploitation and injury in the workplace and the erosion of those measures that has occurred since 1980. Finally, the authors offer recommendations for the diagnosis and prevention of occupational injury among adolescents.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Adolescent occupational injuries in fast food restaurants: an examination of the problem from a national perspective.

Work injuries to adolescents are most prevalent in the retail trades industry, with a large portion occurring in eating and drinking establishments (E&DEs). Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were examined for nonfatal injuries to adolescents, ages 14 through 17, injured while working in fast food restaurants (a subcategory of E&DEs) from July 1, 1992, to June 30, 1994. There were an estimated 44,765 adolescent injuries in E&DEs, with an estimated 27,997 in fast food restaurants, during this period. The injury rate for E&DEs in the 15 through 17 age group was higher than for all other industries combined (rate ratio [RR] = 1.7), with little disparity in rates between the sexes. This study identifies the fast food industry as the source of a large proportion of occupational injuries to adolescents, and indicates that task-specific risk factors seem to be strongly related to sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Unusual job activities as a risk factor for occupational injuries.

BACKGROUND: Based upon our clinical observation, many job-related injuries occur as a consequence of workers performing a task or engaging in an activity for which they have not been trained. METHODS: A case-crossover study was used to evaluate unusual job tasks, unusual tools and unusual work locations as triggers for occupational injuries. Data on work activities on the day of the injury and 7 days prior to injury were collected via in-person interview. RESULTS: All the 33 subjects enrolled were male, 23 were white and 10 were black, with a mean age of 34.9 years. The most common mechanisms of injury were falls and burns. The most common injuries were fractures and closed head injuries. Unusual job tasks [odds ratio (OR) 27.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1-235.3] and unusual tools (OR 13.3, 95% CI 1.4-125.4) were associated with the injury. CONCLUSIONS: Workers should be extra cautious and they should be provided with training for new tasks and new tools.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

Occupational injuries: comparing the rates of male and female postal workers.

To compare the injury rates of male and female postal workers, the authors reanalyzed data on a cohort of 2,337 new postal employees in Boston, Massachusetts, hired between 1986 and 1989. The analysis controlled for potential confounding by age, race, smoking status, and drug use. Using Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent variables, the authors found that, compared with men, women had an increased relative risk for occupational injuries in each of the three largest job classifications: letter carrier, letter-sorting machine clerk, and mail handler. The relative risks were not constant over time. For letter carriers and letter-sorting machine clerks, the increased risks for women were noted only during the first year of employment (relative risk (RR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-2.67) and RR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.31-5.15, respectively). For mail handlers, the increased risks for women were noted only after the first year of employment (RR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.09-4.15). As the percentage of women in the work force increases, these results suggest the need for further research to define sex-specific injury risks and to devise prevention strategies.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1975

[Principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of occupational injuries in ballet dancers].

In the paper, a 20-year experience with practice of the sport and ballet-trauma department at Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedy, named after N. N. Priorov, and 7-year activities of the medical-ballet dispensary at Bolshoi Theatre of the USSR on diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of occupational traumas in ballet-dancers are summarized. Some basic principles of diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis in occupational injuries in ballet-dancers are described. As a result of the employed prophylactic measures the incidence of trauma has fallen thrice as low.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2001

Serratus anterior paralysis as an occupational injury in scaffolders: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Shoulder complaints in scaffolders are very common and may result in permanent disability. METHODS: We present two case reports of patients who developed acute shoulder complaints. After lifting weights up to 50 kg both patients suffered an isolated lesion of the long thoracic nerve resulting in serratus anterior paralysis. RESULTS: Physical signs are unilateral winging of the scapula and loss of strength in the arm. A combined effect of pressure and stretching of the nerve resulted in an occupational injury with a different prognosis of reversibility in both patients. CONCLUSION: Shoulder pads in the overall and limiting the weight to carry may prevent future injuries.

Adolescent↗