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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[The effect of problem solving group counseling on the index of obesity and health habits of obese children].

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of problem solving group counseling on the index of obesity and health habits for obese children. METHOD: Forty seven obese children participated in the study(Exp.=22, Cont.=25). Children were recruited from the forth and fifth grade with higher than 20% of the obesity degree. The problem solving counseling lasted for 10 weeks. In order to evaluate the effects of counseling, physical characteristics and health habits were measured three times; pretest, posttest, and at 10 weeks follow-up. The obtained data was analyzed by chi(2)-test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA, using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program. RESULT: Problem solving group counseling was effective on the physical characteristics(BMI, obesity degree, body fat ratio, waist measurement) and health habits over time. Children in the experimental group controlled their body weight better and reported lower scores in the index of obesity than children in the control group at 10 weeks follow-up. CONCLUSION: This counseling program helped obese children modify their health habits so that they could decrease their scores in the obesity index. It can be concluded that problem-solving counseling enhanced problem-solving abilities of obese children, which could help modify their ordinary health habits.

Child↗
PubMed2001

No association found between the Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 gene and obesity and obesity with dyslipidemia in Japanese schoolchildren.

To investigate whether the Ala54Thr polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene is associated with obesity and obesity with dyslipidemia in Japanese schoolchildren, we analyzed 370 children with morbid obesity and 463 control children of normal weight. The allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the control group and the morbidly obese group. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval CI) in obesity of the The54 allele was 1.0 (0.9-1.3). There were no significant differences in obesity index and metabolic characteristics between the two groups. The odds ratio (95% CI) in dyslipidemia of the Thr54 allele was 1.1 (0.8-1.4) in the morbidly obese group. Our data suggested that Ala54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene is not a major contributing factor for obesity and obesity with dyslipidemia in Japanese children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Respiratory quotient in obesity: its association with an ability to retain weight loss and with parental obesity.

A high fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) was observed during the treatment by very low calorie diet (VLCD) in obese patients who regained weight at two-year follow-up (weight regainers) or in those who exhibited repeated cycles of weight loss with a subsequent weight regain (weight cyclers). In contrast obese patients who succeeded to retain the weight loss achieved initially by the VLCD at 2-yr follow-up (weight losers) or those who did not exhibit weight fluctuations (weight noncyclers) were characterized by a significantly lower RQ. Therefore a high fasting RQ during the VLCD treatment should be considered predictive of body weight gain. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) expressed per kg fat free mass (FFM) did not influence body weight changes. A high RQ revealed in obese subjects reporting parental obesity and a low fasting RQ observed in those obese without family history of obesity suggest a role of hereditary factors in the ability to oxidize fat in severely obese subjects. In contrast, parental history of obesity did not affect RMR in severely obese individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Relationship between obese gene expressive product and simple obesity in children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between obese gene expressive product-obese protein (OP) and the pathogenesis and prognosis of simple obesity in 30 children with normal body weight (control group). METHODS: Before immunoassay, OP was extracted from the whole blood samples with Sep-pak C(18) Cartridge. RESULTS: The plasma contents of OP in the obese group were (118.53 +/- 25.02) ng/L and (197.14 +/- 26.83) ng/L (P < 0.001), respectively. In the obese group, plasma OP was not detected in three cases and was (19.90 +/- 3.94) ng/L in other three cases. These obese children with severe OP deficit not only had more increased body mass index, and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, but also had lower therapeutic effect (16.67%) than those with mild OP depletion (79.16%). CONCLUSION: The children with simple obesity have OP deficit. Simple obesity may be related with the reduced plasma content of OP. The obese children with severe OP deficit have poorer curative effect and unfavorable prognosis.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obesity as a risk factor in drug-induced organ injury. V. Toxicokinetics of gentamicin in the obese overfed rat.

Obese human patients and obese overfed rats treated chronically with gentamicin suffer greater renal injury than nonobese patients and control animals. To understand the mechanism of this heightened susceptibility to the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin, this study examines the plasma-time course and renal uptake of gentamicin in control and obese overfed rats following a single bolus dose. Gentamicin was administered ip to control rats at 30 mg/kg total body mass and to obese rats at 30 mg/kg ideal body mass plus 40% of excess body mass. Following gentamicin dosing, only 1 of 11 concentration-time points taken over 6/hr postdosing was different between control and obese groups. In addition, the area under the plasma concentration curve extrapolated to infinite time was not different between obese and control rats (mean +/- SD of 4.47 +/- 0.85 vs. 4.13 +/- 0.35 mg.min.ml-1, p greater than 0.5). The gentamicin plasma concentrations after 6 hr were less than 1 microgram/ml and not different between the groups; however, the concentration of gentamicin in the kidneys was 33% greater in obese than control rats at this time (324 +/- 66.9 vs. 244 +/- 34.7 micrograms/g, p less than 0.05). The fraction of dose and the total amount of drug that accumulated in the kidneys were also greater in the obese rats (42 and 72% increases). Considered with the results of previous studies, it appears that obese overfed rats sustain more severe nephrotoxicity following comparable plasma gentamicin exposure because of increased renal uptake and/or retention of drug.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Obesity as a risk factor in drug-induced organ injury. IV. Increased gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the obese overfed rat.

Obese humans suffer from excessive organ dysfunction, altered drug pharmacokinetics and may be at increased risk of various drug toxicities. A recent report shows that gentamicin nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients is more frequent and more severe than usual in individuals who are substantially overweight. The present study utilizes an overfed rat model to examine the influence of obesity on the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin. After 52 weeks on an energy-dense diet, obese animals outweighed pellet controls by more than 80% (913 +/- 86 vs. 507 +/- 52 g; X +/- S.D., n = 7). When animals were treated twice daily for 6 days with 30 mg/kg of gentamicin i.p. based on total body mass, obese rats sustained more cortical necrosis than control (median score 3+ vs. 0), higher serum creatinine (4.36 +/- 2.72 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.17) and greater creatinine adjusted N-acetyl hexosaminidase excretion. The impact of obesity on intrinsic susceptibility to gentamicin nephrotoxicity was assessed by dosing animals for 5 days to ideal body mass plus 40% of excess body mass, the current clinical practice for achieving normal gentamicin concentrations in obese patients. Obese rats again sustained more frequent and severe cortical necrosis (2+ vs. 0) and excreted more N-acetyl hexosaminidase than control animals. Urine pH averaged 1.7 U below normal in obese animals, but restoration to normal values by 2 weeks on the pellet diet did not diminish the toxicity increase. Results from the overfed rat closely resemble the recent clinical observation that obese patients sustain more frequent and severe kidney damage from aminoglycoside antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

Cardiovascular risk factors and age of onset of obesity in severely obese patients.

Aim of this study was to evaluate whether the age of onset of obesity might affect the prevalence of CV risk factors in severely obese patients. Five hundred forty-five (385 F aged 42.3 +/- 7.1 yrs, BMI 47.3 +/- 5.1 w/h2 and 160 M of 39.0 +/- 1.1 yrs and BMI of 41.8 +/- 5.3 w/h2) severely obese patients hospitalized in the Metabolic Unit between 1972 and 1985 were subdivided in four classes according to the age of onset of obesity. Severely obese women with maturity onset obesity (i.e. onset greater than or equal to 20 yrs) (MOO) had higher (p less than or equal to .01) serum glucose (118 vs 103 mg/dl) and triglyceride (167 vs 126 mg/dl) than those with early onset obesity (EOO) (i.e. onset less than or equal to 3 yrs) with the same age, BMI and smoking habits. Similar trend was also found in men. In males arterial blood pressure was found to be higher (p less than or equal to .01) in EOO than in MOO (SBP = 152 vs 133 mmHg and DBP = 92 vs 83 mmHg). Similar trend was found in females. In conclusion age of onset of obesity may, at least in part, affect the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in severe obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Identification of obesity: waistlines or weight? Nutrition, Exercise, and Obesity Research Group.

BACKGROUND: Obesity can be divided into "general" and "central." Since abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism are more strongly associated with central obesity, it may not be adequate to use a general measure, such as a weight-for-height index, to assess for obesity. An index of central obesity, such as the waist-to-hip ratio, might be more appropriate. METHODS: Nurses measured height and weight for the body mass index (BMI = kilograms of mass divided by the square of the height in meters) and girths for the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in 414 patients aged 45 years and over. Patients completed an obesity-related questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent of patients had an elevated BMI. Fifty percent of men (95% confidence interval [CI], 46 to 55) and 78% of women (95% CI, 75 to 80) had central obesity based on elevated WHRs. Using an elevated WHR as the standard for central obesity, elevated WHR as the standard for central obesity, elevated BMI had a positive predictive value of only 64% and a negative predictive value of 68% in men. For women, the corresponding positive and negative predictive values were 84% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that the practice of using only scales to identify "overweight" patients should be reevaluated since doing so will miss patients at risk. In primary care patients, particularly those 50 years of age and over, weight-for-height indices such as the BMI result in underdiagnosis of central obesity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of obese and non-obese patients with gestational diabetes.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of obesity on the outcome of gestational diabetes (GD). The age of the subject (31 +/- 5 years) and duration of pregnancy (29 +/- 5 weeks) were similar at the time of diagnosis for the 19 obese (34 +/- 6 kg/m2) and 19 non-obese (23.0 +/- 2.1 kg/m2) subjects. Before treatment, the area under the curve of the glucose tolerance test and the mean capillary blood glucose levels were similar in both groups; however, the baseline blood glucose levels of the obese patients (6.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/l) were higher than those of the non-obese patients (5.3 +/- 0.8 mmol/l; P < 0.01). During pregnancy, the total weight gain of the obese patients was less (10.6 +/- 5.0 vs. 15.2 +/- 4.7 kg, P < 0.006). Fifteen of the obese patients required treatment with insulin, while only six of the non-obese women required insulin (P < 0.005). During insulin therapy, the mean capillary blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and fructosamine levels were similar in both groups. In conclusion, our data suggest that GD in obese patients is characterized by lower weight gain and higher baseline glucose with the result that insulin therapy is more frequently instituted.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Energy intake adaptation of food intake to extreme energy densities of food by obese and non-obese women.

OBJECTIVE: Examination of energy intake in relation to energy density of food in obese and non-obese women. Assessment of energy and macronutrient intake over a day. DESIGN: Controlled food intake diaries of two weekdays and one weekend day. SETTING: Daily life, with visits to the department of Human Biology, State University of Limburg. SUBJECTS: 96 women: 68 subjects: 34 obese and 34 non-obese were matched for age (20-50y) and were selected based on completing the food intake diaries accurately, i.e. underreporting < 10% of their estimated energy intake. RESULTS: The obese women showed a food intake distribution of 24 en% (0-7.5 kJ/g), 52 en% (7.5-15 kJ/g) and 24 en% (15-22.5 kJ/g), with a macronutrient composition of C/P/F: 39/17/44 en%. (Significantly different from the values of non-obese (P = 0.007) and of the Dutch food guidelines values (P = 0.008)). Non-obese women showed a food intake distribution of 38 en% (0-7.5 kJ/g), 49 en% (7.5-15 kJ/g), 13 en% (15-22.5 kJ/g), with a macronutrient composition of C/P/F: 46/17/37 en%. Energy intake per meal increased from 1.2 or 1.3 MJ to 4.1 or 4.5 MJ over a day. CONCLUSIONS: In obese women food intake was adapted to extreme energy densities of the food and in non-obese women food intake was overadapted to extreme energy densities. Energy intake per meal increased during the day.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Frequency of 'obesity' in medical records and utilization of out-patient health care by 'obese' subjects in Germany. An analysis of health insurance data.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the diagnoses 'overweight' or 'obesity' in medical records and to examine the utilization of the out-patient health care system by 'obese' subjects. DESIGN: All claims-cards, prescriptions and other diagnosis-carrying medical certificates from 1990 of a representative sample of members of a large local health insurance were collected and analyzed anonymously in a patient-related approach. SUBJECTS: A 5% random sample (n = 6085) of all members of the general local health insurance (AOK) in the city of Dortmund, Germany. MEASUREMENTS: The percentage of subjects carrying the diagnosis of 'overweight' and/or 'obesity' was determined. In addition, the utilization of medical services and the presence of comorbid conditions in the documents of the AOK was recorded. RESULTS: A total number of 377 'obese' subjects was identified corresponding with a prevalence rate of 6.2%. Among those, more women than men carried one of these diagnoses (240 vs 137, 7.3% vs 4.9%, p < 0.01). In comparison with an age- and sex-matched control group (n = 1131) the 'obese' subjects had significantly more practice contacts (25.7 vs 17.5/year, p < 0.01) and received more medical services (64.2 vs 43.0/year, p < 0.01), including more prescriptions (20.9 vs 15.5/year, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the 'obese' subjects had more additional diagnoses indicating a higher comorbidity and received more drugs for diseases and complications which are characteristic of obesity but also for other diseases. CONCLUSION: This data suggests that in view of its high prevalence in Germany obesity is perceived and documented by health professionals only in a minority of affected subjects indicating that this disorder is considerably under-estimated. It is also evident from the data that obesity is mainly noticed in those who have other serious health problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Uncoupling protein gene: quantification of expression levels in adipose tissues of obese and non-obese humans.

The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP), which is exclusively expressed in brown adipose tissue, regulates energy expenditure in rodents but its importance in the energy homeostasis of adult humans is uncertain. To study associations of UCP gene expression with human obesity, we determined, by a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, UCP mRNA expression levels in intra- and extraperitoneal adipose tissues of 79 obese subjects and 17 lean controls. UCP mRNA and internal standard RNA were reverse transcribed and coamplified in one reaction in which the same primers were used. The signal intensities of UCP mRNA products were compared with the signal intensities of standard RNA products to quantify UCP mRNA abundance. UCP mRNA was detected in all intra- and extraperitoneal adipose tissues studied. In both obese and non-obese subjects, UCP mRNA abundance was higher in the intraperitoneal than in the extraperitoneal tissue (P < 0.001). Compared to lean controls, morbidly obese subjects showed a significantly lower age- and gender-adjusted UCP mRNA expression level in the intraperitoneal adipose tissue (3.467 +/- 2.483 vs. 6.917 +/- 4.292 amol/fmol beta-actin mRNA; mean +/- SD, P < 0.002), while UCP mRNA abundance in extraperitoneal adipose tissue did not differ between obese and nonobese subjects. These data are consistent with reduced energy expenditure in obesity, but it remains to be determined whether the association of decreased intraperitoneal UCP mRNA expression with obesity status reflects a causal contribution of brown adipose tissue function to the pathogenesis of obesity.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1998

[Prevalence of obesity in Spain: the SEEDO'97 study. Spanish Collaborative Group for the Study of Obesity].

BACKGROUND: The weight distribution of a random sample of Spanish population aged 25-60 years is described. The prevalence of obesity and overweight is estimated by sex, age group and cultural level. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Weight, height and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were measured on 5,388 subjects aged 25-60 yr who participated in population Nutritional surveys carried out in four Spanish autonomous regions (Cataluña, País Vasco, Madrid and Valencia) from 1989 to 1994. They were pooled together in order to build a national random sample. The sample was classified according to body mass index (BMI) (weight in kg/height in m2). Obesity was defined as BMI > or = 30 kg/m2. The prevalence of obesity by sex, age group and cultural level was estimated. Risk values for WHR were defined as WHR > 1 for men and WHR > 0.9 for women. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 13.4%, 11.5% among men and 15.2% among women. Obesity increased with age in men and women, from 5.3% in the 25-34 yr group to 26.3% in the age group 55-60. Among those with a BMI > or = 30, 30.7% of men and 25.1% of women had also risk values for WHR. Educational level showed an inverse relationship with obesity, thus obesity was higher in less educated groups, particularly among women (p < 0.001). The geographical distribution of obesity showed a south-southeast trend, significant for males (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of obesity in Spain was 13.4%, higher after 45 yr of age, particularly in women and less educated groups.

Adult↗