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PubMed2005

Elevated methylmalonic acid is related to cognitive impairement in older adults enrolled in an elderly nutrition program.

Vitamin B12 status has been linked to cognitive impairment among older adults. Deficit in methylmalonic acid (MMA) may be reflective of cognitive impairment because it is a biochemically sensitive marker of B12 deficiency. In a cross-sectional study the contributions of different indices of B12 status, including serum B12, MMA and total homocysteine (tHcy), were measured in relation to cognitive functioning. B12 deficiency as measured by elevated MMA concentrations appeared to be most reflective of cognitive impairment and appeared to contribute unique variance to cognitive measures after controlling for other biochemical variables. Demographic variables, particularly education and age, were more strongly associated with cognitive measures than was MMA. Monitoring and reducing serum MMA concentrations by increasing the intake of vitamin B12 may provide protection against cognitive decline in this and other older populations.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Evaluating community-based nutrition programs: assessing the reliability of a survey of grocery store product displays.

A pilot test of a survey of grocery store product displays was conducted to measure the amount of health-education information provided and the proportion of the display devoted to "healthier" products. Inter-rater reliability ranged between 0.73 and 0.78 for the healthiness indices and between 0.30 and 0.67 for the health education measures. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.44 to 1.0.

Food Labeling↗
PubMed2004

Trends in blood lead levels among children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children from 1996 to 2000.

We analyzed data from the Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program to examine the distribution of and trends in elevated blood lead levels among WIC-enrolled children from 1996 until 2000. Higher blood lead levels were seen among WIC-enrolled children, and although not statistically significant, the rate of blood lead level decline among WIC-enrolled children was greater than among non-WIC-enrolled children.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Productivity in nutrition programs for the elderly that utilize an assembly-serve production system.

Observations of labor activities of workers performing foodservice functions were made in eight senior centers at 5-minute intervals for 3 consecutive days. On-site preparation was limited to rethermalization of frozen entrees and portioning of bulk-delivered items. Time spent was assigned or allocated to either congregate or home-delivered meal service on the basis of number of meals served. Time in each component of direct work, indirect work, and delay was divided by meals served to provide the productivity ratio, labor minutes per meal. Comparisons were also made on the basis of number of meals served. An average of 12.78 minutes per meal was used to serve congregate meals and 21.05 minutes per meal for home-delivered meals. Two of the eight centers differed significantly in time used for direct work and total work to serve congregate-meal participants. There was no difference between centers in time used to serve homebound clients. The number of meals served did not influence productivity for either meal service site. These findings establish baseline data for the amount of time needed in one production system to serve meals to center participants and homebound clients. Managers of senior centers can use information about this food production and delivery system to make decisions about the most cost-effective method to provide meals.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Assistance programs in nutrition management for dairy farms.

Successful veterinary nutrition programs have evolved over the years from little more than the use of a specific product to a ration formulation service to today's total nutritional management assistance program. A dedication to providing this total service, merged with technical help from outside consultants and sealed with experience, yields a package that is indeed valuable to the dairyman. A common thread among successful herd management assistance veterinarians is their willingness to spend time with their clients in discussing all of these areas as well as others not covered. Clients are quite willing to pay for this total service. They are not willing to pay for fragments of the total package. The dilemma of many practitioners is the fact that they do not seen to have enough time to devote to this type of program, even thought they realize they should be providing it. The poultry (and, to some extent, swine)industry faced this dilemma in past years. The unfortunate results were that very few veterinarians are now intimately involved. Dairymen are going to purchase a total service from someone in the future. No one is in a better position to offer this than the local practitioner.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

A multicomponent program for nutrition and physical activity change in primary care: PACE+ for adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Most adolescents do not meet national recommendations for nutrition and physical activity. However, no studies of physical activity and nutrition interventions for adolescents conducted in health care settings have been published. The present study was an initial evaluation of the PACE+ (Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise plus Nutrition) program, delivered in primary care settings. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents aged 11 to 18 years (N = 117) were recruited from 4 pediatric and adolescent medicine outpatient clinics. Participants' mean (SD) age was 14.1 (2.0) years, 37% were girls, and 43% were ethnic minorities. INTERVENTION: Behavioral targets were moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, fat intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. All patients completed a computerized assessment, created tailored action plans to change behavior, and discussed the plans with their health care provider. Patients were then randomly assigned to receive no further contact or 1 of 3 extended interventions: mail only, infrequent telephone and mail, or frequent telephone and mail. MEASURES: Brief, validated, self-report measures of target behaviors were collected at baseline and 4 months later. RESULTS: All outcomes except vigorous physical activity improved over time, but adolescents who received the extended interventions did not have better 4-month outcomes than those who received only the computer and provider counseling components. Adolescents who targeted a behavior tended to improve more than those who did not target the behavior, except for those who targeted vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: A primary care-based interactive health communication intervention to improve physical activity and dietary behaviors among adolescents is feasible. Controlled experimental research is needed to determine whether this intervention is efficacious in changing behaviors in the short- and long-term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nutritional needs assessment of rural agricultural migrants of southern Brazil: designing, implementing and evaluating a nutrition education program.

A nutritional needs assessment was conducted among rural agricultural migrant women (target group) and children (less than 5 years). The study was conducted in Vila Diogo, a slum located on the periphery of Nuporanga, a village in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. A nutrition education program was designed on the basis of evidence obtained from demographic/socioeconomic information of the study population and a nutritional needs assessment of women (target group) and children less than 5 years of age. The nutritional needs assessment consisted of anthropometry, dietary assessment, and nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs questionnaires. Formative and summative evaluation of the nutrition education program, using appropriately selected criteria and comparisons of nutrition knowledge scores before and after the program, were used to determine program effectiveness. Major findings of the study were: Diets of Vila Diogo residents were generally simplistic, consisting primarily of rice, beans, and coffee with sugar. Vila Diogo women appeared to be at a relatively high risk for vitamin A, iron, calcium, ascorbic, and riboflavin deficiencies, based on comparisons of 24-hour dietary intake data with FAO recommendations. Children (2-5 years) appeared at high risk for vitamin A, iron, and ascorbic acid deficiencies, based on comparisons of 24-hour dietary intake data with FAO recommendations. All children less than 5 years of age had been breast-fed at birth, but more than one half of children had been weaned by the third month. Infant feeding practices during fever and diarrhea were nutritionally detrimental. Women generally recognized a relationship between dietary intake during pregnancy and fetal nourishment. Using weight-for-height index, a significant number of women were probably undernourished; a small percentage of women, however, were overweight or obese. Although children less than 5 years of age did not generally appear malnourished, a relatively large number were stunted in growth. Although Vila Diogo women reported many food taboos during various physiological states (menstruation, pregnancy, immediately post partum, lactation), relatively few food taboos had potentially negative nutritional consequences. For women who participated in the nutrition education program, nutrition knowledge scores after the program showed improvement which was statistically significant at alpha = 0.05, using Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Brazil↗
PubMed2000

Knowledge, skills, and behavior improvements on peer educators and low-income Hispanic participants after a stage of change-based bilingual nutrition education program.

A nutrition education program, entitled La Cocina Saludable, was designed according to the Stage of Change Model and implemented in ten southern Colorado counties. The objectives were to improve the nutrition related knowledge, skills, and behaviors that lead to healthy lifestyles in a low-income Hispanic population. The content of the program included nutrition information designed to help mothers of preschool children provide for their children's nutritional needs. Previous studies suggest that low-income Hispanics often demonstrate low intakes of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron, and protein, and high rates of diabetes, obesity, and infections. Additionally, this population presents many obstacles for nutrition educators including limited resources, child care, transportation, time, language, culture, literacy, health beliefs, and, in some cases, the transient nature of the population. The program attempted to overcome these barriers by incorporating a flexible program format carried out by abuela (Hispanic grandmother) educators using the processes described in the Stage of Change Model. The program was evaluated using a knowledge, skills and behavior pre-test, post-test, and six-month follow-up survey on both the abuela educators as well as the actual class participants. Results of the peer education training sessions suggest that this type of training program can be effective in increasing the knowledge, skills, and behavior of peer educators as well as reduce need for retraining for educators who continuously teach classes. Additionally, the results suggest that this type of program can be effective in changing selected nutrition related knowledge, skills, and behaviors leading to healthy lifestyles for low-income Hispanic mothers of preschool children.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Results of a community-based low-literacy nutrition education program.

A nutrition intervention focused on low-fat eating pattern changes was conducted among low-literacy participants in a Twin Cities Metropolitan area Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). A total of 134 EFNEP participants who participated in the intervention were compared to 70 comparison participants who received EFNEP nutrition education materials. Associations between changes in outcome variables specific to the intervention were evaluated using mixed-model regression analyses. The principal effects seen for this program were related to changes in eating pattern scales. More modest effects were seen in scales related to attitudes of low-fat eating, and although changes in dietary fat intake as measured by 24-hour dietary interviews suggested a positive intervention effect, this did not approach statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Influence of a nutrition education program (EFNEP) on infant nutrition in East Harlem.

An assessment of the effectiveness of aides working in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) to improve the nutritional status of infants was conducted with a group of 118 infants attending a well-baby clinic in a low-income area of New York City. In addition to clinic care, the fifty-seven study infants received home visits from a nutrition aide whose role was to reinforce nutritional advice received at the clinic. The sixty-one control infants received only regular clinic care. The benefits of having an aide were suggested by three observations: Reduction in the practice of introducing whole cow's milk to young infants, familiarizing older infants with a variety of foods, and reducing the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia. Few of the differences between study and control infants achieved statistical significance, although trends consistently indicated that the presence of aides was beneficial. The problems of assessing the effectiveness of nutrition education programs with healthy infants are discussed.

Black or African American↗