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PubMed1982

Psychic disturbances in adult coeliac disease. I. Clinical observations.

Adult coeliac patients living in a defined area of Sweden were examined for a history of major psychiatric illness occurring before the coeliac disease had been diagnosed. Eight of 42 patients without dermatitis herpetiformis (19%) and one medical control subject had attended a psychiatric clinic over a 10-year period for neurotic disorders (p less than 0.05), mostly depression. Our study shows that psychiatric illness may be severe in undiagnosed adult coeliac patients. It was found to be the commonest reason for granting disability pension in our series, having occurred in altogether six patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Use of cluster analysis for the study of self-stigmatization phenomenon].

Cluster analysis was used in the study of self-stigmatization phenomenon measured with the original self-stigmatization questionnaire in 81 patients with schizophrenia, affective and neurotic disorders. The answers presented by digital codes were analyzed statistically. Six factors of self-stigmatization were as follows: "a victim of stigma", "deidentification from the healthy", "predisposition to identification with mentally ill", "avoidance of mentally ill", "excuse by mental illness" and "generalization of stigma".

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychological disturbance in African Tanzanian epileptics.

138 (60%) of 230 African patients with epilepsy consecutively referred to the neurology clinic, Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, had a psychological disturbance warranting intervention. 81% of them had only minor disturbance, dominated by neurotic disorders. 19% had a major disturbance dominated by a schizophrenic form of psychosis. Other major disturbances were hysterical reactions, agarophobia and severe depression. Organic brain disease was significantly associated with psychological disturbance. Over 80% of patients with major disturbance had epilepsy and brain-lesion and 77% of patients with minor disturbance had evidence of an organic brain lesion. Organic brain lesion and psychological disturbance was overwhelmingly associated with social disadvantage. Although the social attitude to epilepsy is still negative in Africa, psychological disturbance and social disadvantage in the African Tanzanian epileptic seem to be more strongly related to an organic brain lesion than to be a result of the individual reaction to social prejudices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Characteristics of mental status of men infected with human immunodeficiency virus].

A total of 55 men infected with HIV, aged 19 to 42, were examined by clinical and psychopathological methods. Thirty-two of these were heterosexuals, 23 suffered from disturbed psychosocial orientation in respect of the object sex (homosexuals). Lymphadenopathy was the major clinical manifestation of HIV infection. Neurotic disorders characteristic of the acute adaptation period were more frequent among heterosexuals (84.9 percent). Symptoms of organic involvement of the central nervous system of varying severity were more incident among homosexuals (78.2 percent), which fact may be explained by specific premorbid features and by syphilis, a disease frequent in this population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

[Theory-guided development and evaluation of a questionnaire concerning mental health].

In our study, the development of a Mental Health Questionnaire is described and this diagnostic instrument, which is based on historically important personality models, evaluated. Our purpose was to develop scales for Personal well-being, Regulatory competence, Self-actualization and Sense-finding ability. The items belonging to these theoretical constructs were analyzed both by a method of expert rating and statistically. A sample of n = 833 was tested (so-called healthy persons, patients with coronary heart disease [CHD], and patients with psychosomatic or neurotic disorders). Three of the mental health (MH) dimensions (except Sense-finding ability) were confirmed by expert rating. As expected, the following differences between the subgroups reached statistical significance: healthy persons had the highest values for MH, followed by CHD patients and psychosomatic/neurotic patients. Per item, CHD patients showed a characteristic pattern of answering. The combination of research methods we used in this study (i.e., theory-guided expert rating, statistical analysis, per item analysis) has provided results that may be important for further development of MH concepts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Psychiatric morbidity in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

Seventy one patients with alcoholic liver disease and an equal number with non-alcoholic liver disease were interviewed using the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Forty seven (66%) of the group with alcoholic liver disease had or had had psychiatric illnesses compared with 23 (32%) of the control group (p less than 0.001). Affective disorder, particularly major depression, neurotic disorders, and antisocial personality, were all more common among the patients with alcoholic liver disease than the controls. No patient had schizophrenia or other forms of psychosis. Among the patients with alcoholic liver disease 11 men (24%) and 14 women (54%) had an affective or a neurotic disorder that had antedated their heavy drinking, and 30 (77%) of those who had had such a problem at any time had symptoms at the time of interview. Abstinence from alcohol is essential for patients with severe alcoholic liver disease. In view of the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in these patients psychiatric assessment is important to increase the patients' likelihood of complying with such advice.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Efficacy of open-system social skills training in inpatients with mood, neurotic and eating disorders.

Open-system social skills training (SST) was performed in an open psychiatric ward of the hospital of Yokohama City University. Between June 1998 and March 2000, 223 patients were being treated for various mental disorders and 136 of these patients voluntarily participated in the open-system SST at least once. The SST participants' ages were 37.2 +/- 16.9 years and the admission period was 102.6 +/- 61.4 days, while non-participants' ages were 49.8 +/- 18.8 years and the admission period was 71.8 +/- 55.6 days. The correlation between participation time and the admission period showed a ratio of approximately 0.5. As for diagnoses, schizophrenia, eating disorder and personality disorder patients tended to participate in SST, while organic mental disorder patients tended to be non-participants. After October 1998 there were 26 patients continuing to attend SST who participated in the evaluation study that compared social skills estimation before SST with that after SST by self-evaluation and by the staff using a social skills questionnaire. After SST sessions, the average staff evaluation score was 43.9% in schizophrenia, 64.4% in mood disorder, 64.9% in neurotic disorder and 55.3% in eating disorders, while they were 29.1%, 33.8%, 44.4% and 34.5% before the sessions, respectively. After the SST sessions, mood disorder patients showed a 25-30% increase of both self-estimation and staff estimation in all subcategories of social skills. These findings suggest that SST was effective for all patients motivated to improve their social skills despite diagnoses and that the SST program had different effects in each diagnosis group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Application of the MacAndrew alcoholism scale to alcoholics with psychiatric diagnoses.

The MacAndrew Alcoholism scale scores of 140 male patients from a large VA hospital were examined to assess whether the MAC scale can detect alcoholism among patients with psychiatric diagnoses. There were five diagnostic groups, each with 28 patients: alcoholics, alcoholics with neurotic disorders, alcoholics with personality disorders, nonalcoholic patients with neurotic disorders, and nonalcoholic patients with personality disorders. The MAC scale was able to differentiate alcoholics and nonalcoholic psychiatric patients, but was unable to differentiate either of the alcoholic psychiatric groups from its nonalcoholic psychiatric counterpart. Thus, it appears that the MAC scale may be unable to identify alcoholism among patients with combined alcoholic-psychiatric diagnoses.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Consequences of decentralization on the basis of a psychiatric department in the upper austrian salzkammergut].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the changes of utilization of a psychiatric department following its decentralization into an Upper Austrian region, the Salzkammergut. METHODS: 9 months before and after decentralization all kinds of contacts to psychiatric patients (inpatients, outpatients, day clinic patients, patients of consulting psychiatric service) regarding frequency of contacts, case numbers and diagnosis have been evaluated. For the inpatients their legal status was recorded. RESULTS: Since the establishment of the decentralized psychiatric department an increase in the frequency of admissions of inpatients up to 157 % could be revealed. Depressive disorders showed the largest increase of admissions (204 %), remarkable increase was also seen in substance use disorders, neurotic and organic disorders (between 171 % and 183 %). Changes also emerged concerning the legal status of the patients with a decrease of the percentage of involuntary admissions from 26.5 % prior to decentralization to 20.7 % thereafter. Among the patients seen by the consulting service length of stay was higher than usually seen on somatic wards as there was a very high proportion of patients with depressive syndromes. CONCLUSION: Within the context of decentralization provision of psychiatric care seems to be improved. Treating more patients with depressive and neurotic disorders the staff of the psychiatric ward was confronted to apply more psychotherapeutic interventions to meet the patient's neurotic and suicidal behaviour.

Austria↗
PubMed1990

[A 20-year follow-up study of a sample of 50 pairs of twins with neurotic-psychosomatic disorders].

As part of a research project, examination was made of a sample of 50 pairs of twins (21 pairs of identical twins, 16 pairs of non-identical twins of the same sex, and 13 pairs of male-female twins [n = 100 test persons]) between 1963 and 1969 and again recently after a period of 20 years. The index twins were drawn from among the patients who made use of the services of an out-patient psychotherapeutic clinic, and they were determined to be either psychoneurotic, character neurotic, or psychosomatically ill. The question examined was again one of nature vs. nurture. Identical twins showed a significantly higher similarity with regard to the seriousness of their neuroses and the manifestation of neurotic symptoms than did non-identical twins. Noticeable similarities existed in cases of depressive disturbances, disturbances of oral and aggressive behavior, and disturbances of interpersonal contact. With regard to the influence of variables in the environment, we examined the effect of factors in early childhood on neurotic development. Lack of a reference person, a negative attitude on the part of parents toward the child, etc., frustration within and outside the family have an effect on the manifestation of neuroses and on the course of their development. The influence of early childhood factors on the degree of neurotic disorder is still to be noted in the current point prevalence.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The distribution of blood groups (ABO, Rh-factor, MNS) in psychic disorders (author's transl)].

1. 942 resp. 821 patients with psychic disorders (843 resp. 339 patients with neurotic disorders, 443 resp. 191 patients with manic-depressive psychoses, 436 resp. 193 patients with schizophrenic psychoses, 220 resp. 98 patients with organic syndromes) are compared with regard to the distribution of the ABO blood groups and the Rh-Factor with 5.000 normal controls and of the MNS blood group with the expected distribution respectively. Significant differences are demonstrated: AB (-2.63%, P less than 0.10) in organic syndromes; Rh+ (+3.65%, P less than 0.02) in neurotic disorders; Rh+ (+3.10%, P less than 0.005) in all diagnoses; 0, Rh+ (+4.31%, P less than 0,05) in neurotic disorders; AB, Rh+ (+2.29%, P less than 0.05) in manic-depressive psychoses; A, Rh- (-1.59%, P less than 0.05) in all diagnoses; AB, Rh- (-0.58%, P less than 0.05) in all diagnoses; MNS (Ms +2.26%, MS +2.10%, MNs -3.65%, MNS -0.35%, Ns +0.52%, NS -0.88%, P less than 0.05) in all diagnoses. The results are compared with the literature, and methodical problems are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2003

Psychiatric disorders in opioid dependants.

AIMS: Psychiatric disorders are common among substance dependants. The objectives of this study were to assess the rate of neurotic disorders among opioid addicts, and reassess the rate of those neurotic disorders two weeks after complete detoxification of the patients. MEASUREMENTS: Data were gathered from 500 (496 men and 4 women) opioid dependants, using DSM-IV criteria. The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) was used to measure free-floating anxiety, depression, phobia, obsession, hysteria and somatization. RESULTS: Four hundred and ninety-six (99.2%) of the subjects were men of whom the majority (65.2%) were married, 26.4% single and the others were divorced or separated. Three hundred and thirty-four (66.8%) were in age range of 20 to 39 years. Of the subjects 154 (30.8) were self-employed, 116 (23.2%) were factory workers, 100 (20%) unemployed, 64 (12.8%) employees and 32 (6.4%) retailers. The majority, 322 (64.4%), reported elementary and high school as their level of education and only 20 (4%) were illiterate. The means for neurotic disorders (using the MHQ) before and two weeks after detoxification were 10.12 and 9.98 for anxiety, 7.54 and 7.41 for phobia, 10.10 and 9.76 for depression, 11.11 and 11.05 for obsession, 8.47 and 8.49 for hysteria and 9.82 and 9.46 for somatization, respectively. The mean difference was significant only for depression. CONCLUSIONS: Present findings indicated that the rate of neurotic disorders in opioid dependants is high and (except for depression) was not significantly different before detoxification and two weeks after detoxification. Opium was found to be the most prevalent form of opioid used. Also it can be concluded that during the last years some demographic characteristics of Iranian opioid addicts in this sample have changed. Cultural attitudes toward substance use quite likely affect the pattern of substance use. These findings can be considered when planning preventive and therapeutic programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

The concept of neurosis in a cross-cultural perspective.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to discuss the current state of research on the concept of neurosis across cultures and to document the advances made in this field over the previous year. RECENT FINDINGS: There has been a significant alteration in the concept of neurosis in most cultures, with the relative abandonment of the term 'neurosis' and replacing the concept with that of common mental disorders. The state of research on the aetiopathogenesis of neurosis has moved towards neurobiological, neurophysiological and genetic factors. Neuroticism as a personality trait has retained its role in the development of neurotic disorders. The epidemiological studies on neurotic disorders are equivocal across cultures. Besides, studies on clinical presentation of common mental disorders, somatization and abnormal illness behaviour show some cultural variations. Though there are no significant advances in the management of neurosis equivalents, it seems that the specific serotonin receptor inhibitors may have a role in management of these conditions. SUMMARY: The recent literature shows acceptance of common mental disorders across cultures replacing neurotic disorders. Other conceptual equivalents of neurosis are seen in somatoform disorders, somatization and abnormal illness behaviour. Some traditional culture-bound neurotic syndromes and idioms of distress persist.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1982

Migraine in children: a medical and psychiatric study.

Forty-seven migrainous children were examined medically, neurologically and psychiatrically and compared with matched controls from a dental clinic. One in six children suffered from more than one type of migraine. There was a wide variation in age of onset and the frequency and duration of attacks varied considerably. An "emotional upset" was the most frequently reported (86%) precipitating factor. Most children responded to simple therapeutic measures and detailed instructions about the timely use of medication. A significantly higher proportion of migrainous children than their controls showed signs of a neurotic disorder (mainly anxiety or depression) and had had a higher prevalence of neurotic disorder in the previous year. This increased prevalence was found to be associated with a disturbed parental relationship and certain factors related to their mothers (age, "malaise" score). A prospective study of an epidemiological sample based on systematic observation rather than recollections and opinions is likely to yield more conclusive results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Differential diagnosis of borderline in relation to schizophrenic and neurotic depressive disorders].

The results of studies to explore the discriminative validity of a german version of the "Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines" ("DIB" from Gunderson et al.) are reported. The DIB is suited to differentiate clinically diagnosed borderline personality disorders from schizophrenics and neurotic depressives. The concurrent validity of the DIB may be enlarged by modifications of the proposed scaling system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Duration of inpatient treatment of various psychiatric disease categories. A follow-up study].

The frequency and duration of in-patient treatment in psychiatric and general hospitals was observed over an average 14-year period for 328 patients with different psychiatric diseases. Schizophrenics were more frequently admitted and spent longer in psychiatric institutions than all other diagnostic groups, but were admitted less frequently and for shorter periods to general hospitals. Patients suffering from organic mental illness and those with neurotic disorders had more frequent and longer periods of general hospital care. Drug dependent and neurotic patients were hospitalised more frequently and longer for psychiatric rather than for medical reasons in general hospitals. The total frequency and duration of psychiatric in-patient treatment was distinctly less frequent and of shorter duration for neurotic disorders as compared with schizophrenic or affective psychoses.

Adult↗