SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nephrosis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Assembly of a 1-Mb restriction-mapped cosmid contig spanning the candidate region for Finnish congenital nephrosis (NPHS1) in 19q13.1.

We describe the assembly of a 1-Mb cosmid contig and restriction map spanning the candidate region for Finnish congenital nephrosis (NPHS1) in 19q13.1. The map was constructed from 16 smaller contigs assembled by fingerprinting, a BAC and a PAC clone, and 42 previously unmapped cosmids. In most cases, single-step cosmid walks were sufficient to join two previously assembled contigs, and all but one gap was filled from this cosmid contig library. The remaining gap of about 19 kb was spanned with a single BAC and a single PAC clone. EcoRI mapping of a dense set of overlapping clones validated the assembly of the map and indicated a length of 1040 kb for the contig. This high-resolution clone map provides an ideal resource for gene identification through cDNA selection, exon trapping, and DNA sequencing.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed1999

Effect of albumin administration on L-tryptophan levels in the serum and tissues of rats with puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis.

We examined the effect of albumin administration on L-tryptophan (Trp) levels in the serum and tissues of rats with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis. PNA-injected rats showed increased urinary protein and serum non-esterified fatty acids levels and decreased serum albumin level at 8 days after the injection. The nephrotic rats showed a decrease in total serum Trp level and increases in free serum Trp and liver and kidney Trp levels but no change in urinary Trp level. At 5 min after intravenous injection of bovine serum albumin, the nephrotic rats had serum albumin concentration similar to the level of non-nephrotic rats and showed a recovery of decreased total serum Trp with the reduction of increased free serum Trp and liver Trp.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type (CNF): matrix components of the glomerular basement membranes and of cultured mesangial cells.

Congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type (CNF) is a hereditary renal disease of unknown aetiology manifested by massive proteinuria of the newborn and unresponsive to any treatment. In this study kidney samples and cultured glomerular mesangial cells from five patients with CNF were studied by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence and location of major basement membrane matrix (GBM) components. Histological changes of glomeruli ranging from mild thickening of basement membranes to total obliteration and sclerosis were seen. Notably, thickening of the subepithelial layer of Bowman's capsules was regularly seen along with hypercellularity at the juxtaglomerular areas. The matrix components studied (laminin, plasma- and cellular fibronectin, type IV collagen, including the NC-1, alpha-1 and alpha-3 chains, heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) core protein, thrombospondin) were characteristically seen within the glomeruli. Local thickenings alternating with total loss of epitopes along the GBM were seen, especially with anti-type IV collagen and anti-HSPG antibodies. Sera from CNF patients after transplantation failed to show antibodies against GBM structures in immunofluorescence microscopy, suggesting that no missing epitopes of GBM are introduced with the transplant kidney. Cultured mesangial cells of CNF glomeruli also showed continued in vitro production of the matrix components and their incorporation into the matrix underneath the cell layer.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats.

The effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), an aglycon of glycyrrhizin extracted from the roots of Glycyrrhizae radix, on puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) nephrosis were studied in rats. Urine protein excretion in female rats (130 g-150 g) receiving PA (50 mg/kg) alone was significantly elevated on the 2nd day after injection of PA and reached a peak on the 14th day. Urinary protein on the 14th day was reduced to 74% in animals treated with GA (20 mg/kg) starting on the 2nd day after injection of PA. The increase in serum cholesterol and the decrease in serum protein were also suppressed by GA. Observation by electron microscopy revealed that the degree of abnormality in glomerular epithelial cells, i.e. loss or fusion of foot processes, was lower in the rats treated with GA after PA injection than in the rat treated with PA alone. Moreover, pretreatment with GA did not suppress urinary protein excretion but when it was given at the same time as PA and after PA a significant decrease in urinary protein excretion was observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Altered localization of antigen recognized by proteinuria-inducing monoclonal antibody in experimental nephrosis.

Change in the localization of the antigen recognized by the proteinuria-inducing monoclonal antibody (MA) 5-1-6 in experimental nephrosis was studied by indirect and biotin-avidin immunofluorescence, and immunoperoxidase at light and electron microscopical levels. The proteinuric state was induced by the administration of the aminonucleoside of puromycin (PAN) or adriamycin. The antigen decreased in quantity and/or its distribution changed with an increase in the amount of protein excreted in both experimental models. Recovery from the alterations observed during the development and proteinuria appeared to occur when PAN-induced proteinuria subsided. This antigenic molecule may thus be essential for maintaining the normal permselectivity of glomerular capillary walls.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Glomerulosclerosis in adriamycin-induced nephrosis is accelerated by a lipid-rich diet.

The present study was performed to determine quantitatively the effect of hypercholesterolemia induced by a lipid-rich diet on glomerulosclerosis in an animal model of nephrotic syndrome (NS) induced by Adriamycin (ADR). Twenty NS Wistar rats administered ADR with a single intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg body weight were divided into standard and lipid-rich chow groups. Another 20 weight-matched non-NS rats that received a vehicle alone were grouped as controls. Quantitative analyses of renal histological changes were performed with determination of blood and urine biochemical parameters. It was found that serum cholesterol was markedly higher in rats with lipid-rich chow in both NS and non-NS rats. Urinary protein was significantly higher in rats on the lipid-rich diet in the NS group. The mesangial matrix and cell indices were significantly increased in rats with the lipid-rich diet and the most obvious changes were found in the NS group. Lipid deposits and foam cells were observed in mesangial areas, and some glomeruli had progressed to form focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the NS group. Findings indicated that diet-induced hyperlipidemia can lead to proliferation of mesangial cells and accumulation of mesangial matrices, and further aggravate glomerulosclerosis in Adriamycin-induced nephrosis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type: overview of placental pathology and literature review.

Congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type (CNF) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of glomerular filtration that results in massive proteinuria, edema, and ascites. Although previous studies describe the classic renal lesions characterizing this disorder, there are few documenting in detail the associated placental alterations. In this context, we present a case of CNF with emphasis on the placental pathology and compare our findings to what has been previously reported in the literature. A 36-year-old G2P1 with no significant medical history developed persistently elevated amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein in the absence of neural tube defects. Because of a clinical suspicion of CNF, she electively terminated the pregnancy at 19 weeks. Postmortem examination revealed characteristic renal changes, confirmed by electron microscopy, as well as significant placental villous edema. Although the placenta was not enlarged, the villi appeared profoundly hydropic. Extensive cystic vacuolar change was documented in both stem villi and tertiary villi, affecting 95% of the villi present. Since the fetus was not grossly edematous, the placental findings may represent the first sign of systemic hypoproteinemia.

Abortion, Eugenic↗

PubMed1982

Increased hepatitic cholesterol production due to liver hypertrophy in rat experimental nephrosis.

Control and nephrotic rats were compared as to the liver contents of cholesterol, phospholipid and the activity of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Whole liver homogenates as well as endoplasmic reticulum membrane samples showed increased free cholesterol and phospholipid mass in the nephrotics. Correction of the values by the protein content indicated membrane expansion, i.e. liver hypertrophy. However, total hepatic cholesterol synthesis as measured by the reductase activity was increased in the nephrotic rat. These results are in accordance with previous studies showing enhanced cholesterol production in experimental nephrosis. In short, enhanced cholesterol mass in the liver coexists with increased hepatic synthesis in the experimental model used.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Regulation of apolipoprotein gene expression and plasma high-density lipoprotein composition in experimental nephrosis.

Hepatic and intestinal RNA levels were measured in rats made nephrotic by injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). The following increases in hepatic RNA levels, relative to controls, were measured: poly A+ (1.2), ribosomal (1.2), mRNA levels for transferrin (1.8), albumin (3.8) apolipoprotein (apo)E (2.3), apoB (2.5), apoA-II (1.9) and apoA-I (6.1). Increases of 1.5- to 2.2-fold in hepatic mRNA levels for albumin, apoA-II, apoB and apoE were measured in pre-nephrotic animals killed before the onset of proteinuria. Intestinal RNA levels in pre-nephrotic and nephrotic animals were not significantly different from control values. Transcription of the hepatic apoA-I gene increased 1.8-fold in nephrotic animals compared to controls. Immunological detection of apolipoproteins in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) separated by gradient gel electrophoresis indicated an increase in apoA-I and a decrease in apoA-IV and apoE containing HDL particles in nephrosis. To simulate the effects of increased apoA-I gene expression, human apoA-I was added to rat plasma in vivo and in vitro. ApoE was displaced from HDL by increased concentration of apoA-I. The results indicate that relatively small changes in apoA-I levels in the serum lead to significant changes in the apolipoprotein composition of HDL.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Effects of saikosaponin-d on aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats.

The effects of saikosaponin-d extracted from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L. on aminonucleoside nephrosis were studied in rats. Urine protein excretion in rats receiving aminonucleoside alone was significantly elevated on the 2nd day after the last injection of aminonucleoside and reached a peak on the 11th day. Urinary protein on the 11th day was reduced by 48 and 46%, respectively in animals treated with saikosaponin-d from the 2nd and 8th day after the last injection of aminonucleoside. Electron microscopically, the degree of abnormality, e.g. loss or fusion of foot processes, in the glomerular epitherial cells was significantly lower in the rats treated with saikosaponin-d after aminonucleoside injection than in the rats treated with aminonucleoside alone. It is concluded that saikosaponin-d prevents the development of proteinuria induced by aminonucleoside in the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Dup 753 prevents the development of puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis.

The appearance of nephrotic syndromes such as proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia and increase in blood nitrogen urea, induced in rats by injection of puromycin aminonucleoside was markedly inhibited by oral administration of Dup 753 (losartan), a novel angiotensin II receptor antagonist, at a dose of 1 or 2 mg/kg per day. The results suggest a possible involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis.

Angiotensin II↗

PubMed1993

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type (CNF) in the second trimester.

Congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type is an hereditary, autosomal recessive disease which leads to death in early infancy. This is a case report concerning an affected fetus with legal interruption in the 24th week of gestation on the basis of certain sonographic changes in the fetal kidneys and changes in the protein profile in amniotic fluid, which were consistent with nephrotic damage of the kidneys. Light and electron microscopy showed evidence of CNF, i.e. increase of mesangial matrix and cells in glomeruli, dilated tubular segments, and effaced and plumb foot-processes of the glomerular epithelial cells. Antenatal diagnosis of CNF therefore seems feasible in the second trimester of gestation by means of AFP determinations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as well as by using sonographic criteria and determination of proteins in amniotic fluid.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed1988

Klossiella equi induced tubular nephrosis and interstitial nephritis in a pony.

Heavy renal infection in a pony with Klosiella equi resulted in moderate diffuse tubular nephrosis and tubular rupture. Multifocal non-suppurative interstitial nephritis was associated with ruptured tubules. Ultrastructural examination of sporoblasts demonstrated both the presence of a bilaminated membrane encasing organisms and nuclear budding. Endogenous corticosteroid production probably led to the development of an immune-compromized state and subsequent extensive parasitic replication.

Adrenal Cortex↗

PubMed1990

Effect of pravastatin sodium, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on very-low-density lipoprotein composition and kinetics in hyperlipidemia associated with experimental nephrosis.

The effect of Pravastatin sodium (CS-514), a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA R) on very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) composition and kinetics was studied in normal and experimental nephrotic rats under fasting conditions. Nephrotic rats, induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (100 mg/kg body weight), had significantly higher plasma lipids and apoprotein (apo) B concentrations than controls. The hypertriglyceridemia associated with nephrosis was mainly due to a markedly elevated VLDL-triglyceride (TG) concentration. Pravastatin sodium was administrated as a 0.04% solution in drinking water for 7 days to normal control and nephrotic rats. Plasma TG concentration in both control and nephrotic rats was significantly reduced by the treatment with Pravastatin, but plasma cholesterol levels were not reduced by the treatment in either group of rats. TG, cholesterol, phospholipid, and apo B concentrations in nephrotic VLDL were significantly reduced by Pravastatin treatment, whereas only TG was decreased in control VLDL. Pravastatin reduced the apo B 100 + 95/48 ratio in nephrotic VLDL. Pravastatin did not alter the lipid concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in control and nephrotic rats. VLDL-TG turnover studies showed that TG secretion rate was significantly suppressed by Pravastatin administration without affecting its removal in both groups of rats. These suggested that Pravastatin, an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, can reduce VLDL concentration by rectifying the overproduction of VLDL exhibited in nephrotic rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Increased blood viscosity as the pathogenic agent in minimal change nephrosis: a new hypothesis.

It is proposed that minimal change nephrosis (MCN) is the result of impaired glomerular blood flow to slightly increased blood viscosity or to an abnormality of an autoregulatory mechanism controlling glomerular perfusion pressure or to unusually small efferent arterioles, or to combinations of these factors. The functional response to any of such changes would be an increase in intraglomerular pressure. If the pressure exceeded a critical level albumin would be able to pass into Bowman's space after deforming the pressure-dependent thixotropic basement membrane. In response to the presence of albumin in Bowman's space, epithelial cell foot process retraction would be initiated. The concentration of albumin capable of stimulating this reversible change in unknown. If it can be shown that MCN is a consequence of increased blood viscosity, then drugs having direct effects on blood viscosity might offer alternatives to steroid treatment.

Albuminuria↗

PubMed1990

The use of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) for the detection of contrast-media-induced 'osmotic nephrosis' in rats.

Excretion of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) was studied following single intravenous administrations of a non-ionic monomeric contrast medium (iohexol) at doses of 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 g iodine/kg body wt in rats. Measurements of urinary enzymes, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were carried out on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 8th days after treatment. Histological examinations of kidneys were performed on days 3 and 8. From 5.0 g iodine/kg onwards urinary NAG showed a dose-dependent and significant (multiple comparison, alpha = 0.05) increase in the first 18-h urine samples after application. A significant increase in urinary LDH could be observed only at the highest dose of 12.5 g iodine/kg. All other biochemical parameters showed no differences when compared to the control group. The dose-dependent increase in lysosomal NAG correlated with the histological findings, i.e. there was dose-dependent vacuolization of proximal tubular cells, so-called 'osmotic nephrosis'.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed2004

Antifibrotic effect of the Chinese herbs, Astragalus mongholicus and Angelica sinensis, in a rat model of chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.

UNLABELLED: Nephrotic syndrome has long been treated in China with two herbs, Astragalus mongholicus and Angelica sinensis, which may have antifibrotic effects. METHODS: Rats with chronic puromycin-induced nephrosis were treated with Astragalus and Angelica 3 mL/d (n = 7) or enalapril 10 mg/kg/d (n = 7). Normal control rats (n = 7) received saline rather than puromycin, and an untreated control group (n = 7) received puromycin but no treatment. After 12 weeks, stained sections of the glomerulus and tubulointerstitium were evaluated for injury. Immunohistochemistry staining measured extracellular matrix components, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1), osteopontin, ED-1-positive cells, and alpha-actin. TGFbeta1 mRNA was assessed by in situ hybridization. Renin, ACE activity, angiotensin, and aldosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay or colorimetry. In the untreated rats, chronic renal injury progressed to marked fibrosis at 12 weeks. Astragalus and Angelica significantly reduced deterioration of renal function and histologic damage. Expressions of type III and IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin also decreased significantly. This anti-fibrotic effect was similar to that of enalapril. The herbs had no effect on the renin-angiotensin system but did reduce the number of ED-1-positive, and alpha-actin positive cells and expression of osteopontin compared to untreated controls. The combination of Astragalus and Angelica retarded the progression of renal fibrosis and deterioration of renal function with comparable effects of enalapril. These effects were not caused by blocking the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, but associated with suppression of the overexpression of TGFbeta1 and osteopontin, reduction of infiltrating macrophages, and less activation of renal intrinsic cells [corrected].

Angelica sinensis↗

PubMed1990

Renal ultrastructure in lamb nephrosis.

Ultrastructural investigation of the kidneys of 18 lambs with clinical nephrosis revealed that groups of tubules showing various degrees of degeneration up to necrosis could exist alongside tubules showing proliferative or regenerative changes. Lesions were most common in proximal convoluted tubules, less common in distal tubules and absent from collecting ducts or straight tubules, though the latter were often distended with hyaline or flocculent casts. The basement membranes of necrotic tubules were intact, suggesting that the potential for regeneration was unimpaired. Nine lambs had lesions in the glomeruli, though the distribution was focal. Glomerular lesions occasionally were acute and degenerative but more usually were proliferative, with occlusion of capillaries due to endothelial swelling and mesangial encroachment. Basement membrane splitting or reduplication was a feature of some glomeruli, but neither subepithelial nor subendothelial dense deposits were seen. The changes were consistent with damage by an unknown nephrotoxic factor or factors.

Animals↗