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A study was made of the combined effect of laser radiation (helium-neon laser, lambda = 633 nm) and X-rays on bacteria of different genotypes. The sensitivity of cells to X-rays was decreased by pre- and post-irradiation with laser. In the latter case, the radio-modifying effect of laser was more pronounced.
Irradiation of the rat duodenal wall with helium-neon laser at a wave length of 0.63 microns for 1,3 and 5 min and irradiation energy density of 6.78, 20.34 and 33.9 J/cm2, respectively, produced ultrastructural changes in enterocytes and connective tissues. These changes consisted in intracellular edema and occurrence of cellular branches in basal portions and vesicles in apical portions of enterocytes. The changes increased as the irradiation energy was raised. Laser irradiation caused a significant rise of proliferative activity.
Retinomotor movements of retinal cones and pigment epithelium melanosomes were studied in the neon tetra, Paracheirodon innesi. The cone myoids clearly contracted during the daytime, but the migration of the total population of pigment granules was less easy to see. However, when rod-shaped melanosomes were measured separately from granular-shaped melanosomes it became evident that the rod-shaped melanosomes, but not the granular melanosomes, did migrate in response to circadian changes in light intensity. Retinomotor movements of both the cones and the rod-shaped melanosomes persisted for at least 2 days in continuous darkness. Microspectrophotometric measurements of spectral transmission of small groups of melanosomes showed that absorption was greatest at shorter wavelengths, but that there was also a distinct absorbance maximum at about 480 nm.
310 patients with olfactory analyzer dysfunction have been examined. Of them 40 patients received laser radiation on the olfactory zone. The course comprised 10 sessions. A response occurred in 26 patients who exhibited neither side effects nor allergy. The conclusion is made on validity of using helium-neon laser in perspective olfactory defects.
Helium-neon laser has first been shown to be an active interferon inducer. Marked induction was found at various radiation power (1, 6-7, 20 MW) and at various radiation exposures: from 1 sec to 1 min both for single (up to 512 units/ml) and repeated (up to 1024 units/ml) effects on leukocytes of the donor blood. The major part of interferon was shown to be acid-labile and a lesser part was acid-stable alpha- and gamma-interferons. The above data are of both practical and theoretical importance for the elucidation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of positive therapeutic effect of this light on living beings.
The results of treatment of 116 patients with a residual abscess of the abdominal cavity, including 59 who underwent complex treatment with the use of a helium-neon laser radiation, have been analysed. The use of intracavitary laser therapy in combination with active drainage of an abscess stimulated the reparative processes in the organism, permitted to improve the results of treatment, reduce lethality from 15.3 to 5.3% and mean duration of treatment--from 37.1 to 28.8 days.
Fifty-two extraction patients had one of two gingival flap incisions lased with a helium-neon (He-Ne) diode laser at a fluence (energy density) of 1.2 J/cm. The rate of relative healing was evaluated clinically and photographically. Seventy-nine percent of the lased incisions healed more quickly than did the control incisions. No significant difference in healing was noted when patients were compared by age, gender, race, or anatomic location of the incision. This study suggests that He-Ne diode lasers, at the above energy level, appear to increase the rate of gingival wound healing in humans, without negative side effects.
OBJECTIVE: The safety, tolerability, efficacy, and impact on quality of life of gabapentin (Neurontin) as adjunctive therapy to carbamazepine (CBZ) and/or phenytoin (PHT) was assessed in epileptic patients with partial seizures. METHODS: NEON (Neurontin Evaluation of Outcomes in Neurological Practice) was an open-label, prospective, multicentre study conducted in patients on a stable dose of CBZ and/or PHT and experiencing an average of up to 4 complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalization per month, with no seizure-free months. The treatment lasted 20 weeks. Gabapentin was started at 400 mg/day and was individually titrated to effective tolerable dose up to 2400 mg/day. Quality of life was evaluated using the QOLIE-10 questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 141 patients were enrolled at 36 sites; 114 patients were evaluable for efficacy analyses. The mean maintenance dose of gabapentin was 1600 mg/day (range = 300-3200). A decrease of 50% or more in frequency of complex partial + secondary generalized seizures was observed in 81 (71%) patients (p = 0.0001). Fifty two (46%) patients were seizure-free during the last 8 weeks of treatment. A significant improvement (p < 0.05) was observed in 5 of the 10 questions of the QOLIE-10, as well as in the composite QOL score (p = 0.0002). The most frequent adverse events included somnolence (16%), dizziness (9%), and asthenia (6%). Twenty-five (18%) patients prematurely discontinued the study, 16 (11%) of them due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that treatment with gabapentin as adjunctive therapy to standard antiepileptic drugs in this group of patients not only provides significant improvement in seizure control, but also has a positive impact on quality of life. The clinical benefits in efficacy, safety and tolerability demonstrated at 20 weeks are sustained, and no tolerance develops with gabapentin in longer term use.
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We evaluate a 1.5 mW HeNe laser (544 nm) for use on an EPICS Elite with a 76 microns Sortsense flow cell. The two applications chosen were immunofluorescence and DNA analysis. We measured the fluorescence threshhold of phycoerytherin calibration beads to be approximately 336 MESF. Cell analysis with a HeNe laser and Argon laser correlated well for the CD4PE, CD56PE, CD19PE conjugates, with correlation coefficients of 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, respectively. The % positive and mean channel fluorescence were comparable to the results obtained with a 15 mW Argon laser. In addition, a three-color configuration yielded excellent results. Cell analysis of CD4PE, CD3ECD and CD19Cy-Chrome with the HeNe laser and Argon laser correlated well with correlation coefficients of 0.96, 0.95, and 0.92, respectively. The histograms showed good separation between the negative cells, the dimly staining cells and the brightly staining cells. Propidium Iodide was chosen for DNA analysis. Full CV values for whole blood DNA fluorescence using the green laser were good at 2.6%. These data indicate the low power 544 nm laser is sufficient to do immunophenotyping and DNA analysis. Results may be explained by higher quantum efficiency and lower background fluorescence. The wavelength of the 544 nm laser is much closer to the excitation peaks of PI, PE, and the tandem dyes ECD and Cy-Chrome. Also, the Raman scattering of water for the 544 nm laser has a longer wavelength maximum than the emission peaks of PI, PE, and ECD. The major advantages of this laser for the research laboratory are small size, no cooling fan, low power requirements and low cost.
Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has been successfully used in clinical and experimental settings to evaluate bone perfusion but unanswered questions regarding its capabilities and limitations still remain. This study was undertaken to determine absorption of He-Ne laser light (632.8 nm) and maximum depth for flow assessment (threshold thickness) under optimal conditions in bone. Light transmittance in bovine bone samples of femora and tibia was measured after each step of grinding and depth of penetration calculated. The threshold thickness was obtained by placing the same samples in a flow chamber where a solution of 2% latex circulated beneath; flow was detected by a laser Doppler probe resting on top of the sample. The results showed a significantly higher depth of penetration for trabecular than for cortical bone. A regression analysis showed a high correlation between the inorganic fraction of the bone and the depth of penetration. The maximum depth at which the laser Doppler probe can evaluate flow in bone conditions was found to be 2.9 +/- 0.2 mm in cortical bone, 3.5 +/- 0.3 mm in bone covered by 1 mm cartilage and 3.5 +/- 0.2 mm in trabecular bone. The study showed the limitations of LDF in bone and their correlations to various bone properties.
Intracellular dialysis and membrane voltage clamping were used to show that He-Ne laser irradiation of a pond snail neuron at a dose of 0.7 x 10(-4) J (power density 1.5 x 10(2) W/m2) increases the amplitude of the potential-dependent slow potassium current, while a dose of 0.7 x 10(-3) J decreases this current. Bupivacaine suppresses the potassium current. Combined application of laser irradiation at a dose of 0.7 x 10(-3) J increased the blocking effect of 10 microM bupivacaine on the slow potassium current, while an irradiation dose of 0.7 x 10(-4) J weakened the effect of bupivacaine.
To gain further insight into the mechanism of cell photostimulation by laser light, both RNA and protein synthesis were measured in mitochondria irradiated with the low power continuous wave He-Ne laser (Energy dose: 5 Joules/cm2). Following mitochondrial irradiation, both the rate and amount of incorporation of alpha-[32P]UTP and L-[35S]methionine, used to monitor RNA and protein synthesis respectively, proved to increase. Electrophoretic analysis made of the synthesis products clearly shows that He-Ne laser irradiation stimulates the synthesis of all mitochondrial transcription and translation products.
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