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PubMed1981

Human rotavirus antigen detection by enzyme-immunoassay with antisera against Nebraska calf diarrhoea virus.

A four-layer solid phase enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) with antisera against Nebraska calf diarrhoea virus (NCDV) as immunoreagents was developed to detect human rotavirus antigens from stool specimens of patients with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. Polystyrene beads were used as the solid phase, guinea-pig and rabbit anti-NCDV immunoglobulin as the catching and secondary antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated swine anti-rabbit immunoglobulin as the indicator antibody. A comparison of the developed NCDV-EIA with an identical EIA, using antisera against human rotavirus (HRV-EIA) instead of NCDV antisera, was made with 216 stool specimens positive or negative for rotavirus. A complete agreement was obtained between the two methods provided that appropriate confirmatory tests were included. The developed NCDV-EIA was as sensitive and specific for rotavirus as the HRV-EIA, and it allowed the detection of both established rotavirus types 1 and 2 from stools with equal sensitivity. The difficulties in cultivating human rotavirus in vitro for immunisation and the relative ease of growing NCDV in widely-used continuous cell lines make NCDV a good alternative in the preparation of the highly specific and sensitive rotavirus antisera required in immunoassays, and facilitate the setting-up methods for the routine diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis by EIA or RIA in diagnostic virus laboratories.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition studies with a strain of Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (bovine rotavirus).

A hemagglutinin has been prepared from Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) propagated in BS-C-1 cell line. After cesium chloride centrifugation, the hemagglutinin of the bovine rotavirus was found to be associated with intact virions (density 1.355 g/ml) but not with virions lacking an outer capsid layer (density 1.375 g/ml). In hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) tests, the hemagglutinin reacted specifically with NCDV serum, and HAI seroconversions were detected in some sera tested. Cross-reactions were observed in complement fixation tests between the human and bovine rotaviruses but were not demonstrated by HAI, suggesting that the hemagglutinin detects a specific rather than a group antibody response.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clinical features and prognosis of follicular large-cell lymphoma: a report from the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to describe the treatment outcome of patients with follicular large-cell lymphoma (FLCL) and to identify prognostic factors that affect the treatment outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1980 and 1991, 107 newly diagnosed, previously untreated patients with FLCL were prospectively treated using treatment plans of the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group (NLSG). Most stage I/II patients received two to three cycles of one of four closely related six-drug combination chemotherapy regimens (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin or mitoxantrone, and procarbazine, plus bleomycin, vincristine, and prednisone or dexamethasone [CAP/BOP I-IV]) plus involved-field radiotherapy; 10 patients received involved-field irradiation only. Stage III/IV patients received six to eight cycles of CAP/BOP. RESULTS: Forty-four percent of patients had stage I/II disease. Stage I/II patients were older and more often female than stage III/IV patients. Cytogenetic studies were available on 35 patients: seven were normal; the most common abnormality was a translocation involving 14q32. Abnormalities of 1p or 1q were also common, often secondary to a 14q32 abnormality. The median follow-up of surviving patients is 2 years. The complete response rates observed were stage I/II, 88%; stage III/IV, 49%. Complete response rates were affected by both age and tumor bulk. Failure-free survival (FFS; time to first occurrence of progression, relapse after response, or death from any cause) at 3 years was estimated to be 61% for stage I/II patients and 34% for stage III/IV patients. Survival at 3 years was estimated to be 76% and 61%, respectively. FFS of stage III/IV patients was poorer for stage IV patients and those with composite lymphomas. Significantly poorer survival was only seen in patients older than 70 years of age. CONCLUSION: A proportion of stage I/II FLCL patients may obtain long-term disease control with combination chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. Results for patients with stage III/IV FLCL are similar to those seen for other follicular lymphomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Deficits of higher cortical functioning in two patients with posterior parietal arteriovenous malformations. Use of the standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for pre- and postoperative assessment.

The Standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery was used for pre- and postoperative evaluation of two patients, each of whom had a large posterior parietal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the left cerebral hemisphere. In both cases the AVMs, which were fed by the left anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, were resected completely. These cortical lesions, which were almost identical in anatomical location and pathophysiology, produced deficits in higher cortical functioning that were remarkably similar in the two patients studied. Disorganization of spatially based complex speech and confusion with arithmetic and writing functions were the most prominent pre- and postoperative problem areas. Other functions that had been mildly abnormal preoperatively had improved at the last testing session 6 months postoperatively. The test battery is easy to administer, has standardized scoring, requires only 2.5 hours of testing time, and produces reliable, reproducible results. Our initial experience with this test battery suggests that it is readily applicable to patients with neurosurgical disease and may be of benefit in planning appropriate rehabilitation and in obtaining knowledge that will increase our understanding of complex brain functions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Inheritance of methyl-parathion resistance in Nebraska western corn rootworm populations (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Field populations of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, were collected from three different sites (York Co., Phelps Co., and Saunders Co.) in Nebraska during 1996. Adult bioassays of these three populations were conducted with different concentrations of methyl-parathion and at a diagnostic concentration (1.0 microg/ml) to determine resistance levels among these populations. Self and reciprocal crosses were made between the two resistant and one susceptible laboratory-reared populations. Dose-responses and dominance ratios calculated for the four reciprocal crosses indicated that resistance was incompletely dominant in both strains, although in one of the strains there was an indication of sex linkage. However, evaluation of native polyacrylamide gels stained for nonspecific esterases and nonspecific esterase activity of parents and F1 progeny of the crosses suggested that esterase inheritance was completely dominant and autosomal. The results of this study were inconclusive with regard to the precise nature of inheritance, because the bioassays and esterase assays could not discriminate between heterozygotes and homozygotes. However, they do provide insight into the potential for developing simple diagnostic assays to assess resistance frequencies. Based on the inheritance studies described in this investigation, we can begin to generate information on specific genetic factors that dictate the evolutionary divergence of discrete resistant populations and facilitate modeling efforts designed to approximate the movement of genes for resistance among populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of empirically derived and predicted standard scores for Form II of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Until Wong, Schefft, and Moses published norms for Form II of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in 1990, Golden, Purisch, and Hammeke's 1985 regression equations were the only procedure available to interpret scores on Form II of the battery. In the present study comparison of the empirically based norms with standard scores obtained via the regression equations showed that (1) the scale means and standard deviations used in the development of the regression equations indicated substantially more impairment than those obtained by Wong, et al. and (2) the standard (T) scores predicted by the regression equations consistently underestimated impairment relative to the T scores obtained directly from Wong, et al.'s empirically derived norms. Reasons for, and implications of, these findings were discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Responses to 19 generations of litter size selection in the Nebraska Index line. I. Reproductive responses estimated in pure line and crossbred litters.

Our objective was to estimate responses in reproductive traits in the Nebraska Index line (I) after 19 generations of selection for increased litter size. Responses were estimated in dams producing pure line, F1, and three-way cross litters. A total of 850 litters were produced over six year-seasons, including 224 pure line litters, 393 F1 litters produced from I and C females mated with Danbred NA Landrace (L) or Duroc-Hampshire (T) boars, and 233 litters by F1 L x I and L x C females mated with T boars. Contrasts of means were used to estimate the genetic difference between I and C and interactions of line differences with mating type. Farrowing rates of lines I (u = 91.0%) and C (u = 92.8%) did not differ. Averaged across all genetic groups, mean number born alive per litter was 10.1 pigs, and number and weight of pigs weaned per litter, both adjusted for number nursed and weaning age of 12 d, were 9.7 pigs and 34.4 kg, respectively. Averaged across mating types, direct genetic effects of I were greater than C (P < 0.05) for total born (3.53 pigs), number born alive (2.53 pigs), number of mummified pigs (0.22 pig), and litter birth weight (2.14 kg). The direct genetic effect of line I was less than C (P < 0.05) for litter weaning weight (-1.88 kg). Interactions of line effects with crossing system were significant (P < 0.05) for total number born, number of stillborn pigs, number weaned, and litter weaning weight. In pure line litters, I exceeded C by 4.18 total pigs and 1.76 stillborn pigs per litter, whereas the estimate of I-C in F1 litters was 2.74 total pigs and 0.78 stillborn pig per litter. The contrast between I and C for number weaned and litter weaning weight in pure litters was 0.32 pig and -0.28 kg, respectively, compared with 0.25 pig and -2.14 kg in F1 litters. Crossbreeding is an effective way to use the enhanced reproductive efficiency of the Index line.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Selection practices and genetic and phenotypic trends estimated from Nebraska SPF swine field records.

Records collected during 1971 through 1979 from 101,606 pigs raised in 18 herds that were members of the Nebraska SPF Swine Accrediting Association were evaluated for phenotypic trends and predicted and observed genetic trends. Traits considered were backfat at 100 kg (BF) and weight at 140 d of age (WT). Phenotypic change on average was beneficial for BF (-.05 mm/yr) but undesirable for WT (-.2 kg/yr). However, the average observed genetic trend was nil for BF and .6 kg/yr for WT. An average, predicted response based on observed selection differentials and estimates of within herd-sex genetic parameters was in good agreement with observed response for BF, but was three times higher for WT.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concurrent validity and analysis of learning curves on the memory scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-Third Edition.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-Third Edition (LNNB-III) memory scales with the WSM-R (study 1), as well as to investigate performance differences between brain-injured and nonbrain injured subjects on the LNNB-III memory indices, first trial learning, and learning curves of each scale (study 2). Study 1 had 90 subjects (46 males and 44 females). Study 2 had 228 subjects (109 normals and 119 brain-injured). Significant correlations were found between the LNNB-III memory scales and the WSM-R index scores. Findings also revealed poorer overall performance and initial learning of brain-injured subjects across all LNNB-III memory scales. Brain-injured subjects also demonstrated significantly reduced learning curves across repeated trials on two of the three scales. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery. II: Visual, receptive, expressive and reading scales.

In recent years, Golden and his associates have devised and presented a standardized version of Luria's neuropsychological examination. One of the main advantages of this battery over Luria's more qualitative approach is the possibility of examining a number of the theoretical statements made by Luria concerning the relationship of basic psychological skills which make up the tests in each of ten major areas of neuropsychological function. The present paper is the second in a series attempting to examine some of the interrelationships among items on the standardized battery and compare these to Luria's theoretical structures. To do this, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to a mixed neurological, psychiatric and normal population of 272 individuals. From the results of these tests, principle axis factor analyses (with communalities on the diagonal) were done on four scales (Visual, Expressive, Receptive, Reading) and obliquely rotated to the simplest solution. The resulting factors were found generally to conform to the factors predicted by Luria's theory. The interpretation of each factor found is discussed, as well as its implication.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery III: Writing, arithmetic, memory, left, and right.

In recent years, Golden and his associates have devised and presented a standardized version of Luria's neuropsychological examination. One of the main advantages of this battery over Luria's more qualitative approach is the possibility of examining a number of the theoretical statements made by Luria concerning the relationship of basic psychological skills which make up the tests in each of ten major areas of neuropsychological function. The present paper is the third in a series which examined some of the interrelationships among items on the standardized battery and then compared them to Luria's theoretical structures. To do this, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to a mixed neurological, psychiatric and normal population of 270 individuals. From the results of these tests, principle axis factor analyses (with communalities on the diagonal) were done on five scales (Writing, Memory, Arithmetic, Left, and Right) and obliquely rotated to the simplest solution. The resulting factors were found, in general, to conform to the factors predicted by Luria's theory. The interpretation of each factor found is discussed, as well as its implication.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. I. Motor, rhythm, and tactile scales.

In recent years, Golden and his associates have devised and presented a standardized version of Luria's neuropsychological examination. One of the main advantages of this battery over Luria's more qualitative approach is the possibility of examining a number of the theoretical statements made by Lauria concerning the relationship of basic psychological skills which make up the tests in each of ten major areas of neuropsychological function. The present paper is an initial attempt to examine some of the interrelationships among items on the standardized battery and to compare these to Luria's theoretical structures. To do this the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to a mixed neurological, psychiatric and normal population of 272 individuals. From the results of study of these patients, principle axis factor analyses with communalities on the diagonal) were done on three scales (Motor, Rhythm, Tactile) and obliquely rotated to the simplest solution. The resulting factors were found, in general, to conform to the factors predicted by Luria's theory. The interpretation of each factor found is discussed, as well as its implication. Future papers are planned to deal with the factor structure of further scales on the standardized battery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Neuropsychological deficits in early, middle, and late stage Huntington's disease as measured by the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

The study compared 5 patients with recently diagnosed Huntington's Disease with 8 patients whose onset was between 36 and 66 months prior to testing, 6 patients whose onset was greater than 72 months previous, and 7 control patients equated for age and education. The results showed evidence of focal damage in the early group on two scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: Memory and Visual. However, the results also suggested a general diffuse process, present in the early group in only very mild form, but more obvious in the middle and late groups. The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that the diffuse symptoms develop in a continuous rather than abrupt manner. The results also suggest that psychological testing may be useful in the early identification of Huntington's disease.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMed1981

Re-examination of the factor structure of the Receptive Language scale of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

The Receptive Language scale of the Luria--Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery assesses verbal comprehension skills ranging widely in complexity. Although a relatively complex factor structure was anticipated, a previous factor analysis of the scale revealed only one strong factor, phonemic discrimination. The present study re-examined the factor structure of the Receptive Language items using a substantially larger number of subjects with a larger proportion of brain-damaged subjects than in the earlier study. Seven major factors emerged which varied on a dimension of complexity of comprehension from phonemic discrimination through comprehension of complex grammatical relationships. Reasons for the difference in results obtained in the present study are suggested and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed1981

Factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: IV. Intelligence and Pathognomonic Scales.

This paper examined the factor structure of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery Scales Intelligence and Pathognomonic. The subjects for the study were 270 patients, including 90 normal patients, 90 psychiatric patients, and 90 neurological patients. A principal factor analysis with communalities on the diagonal and iterated to the most ideal solution was used, followed by rotation to the simplest factor structure. The analysis yielded 4 subfactors for each of the two Luria scales. On the Intelligence scale, factors were general verbal intelligence, arithmetic, a frontal verbal factor, and a right frontal sequencing factor. Analysis of the Pathognomonic scale yielded a simple perceptual/expressive factor, a construction speed factor, a basic visual/spatial factor, and a higher cognitive factor. These results were generally in accord with Luria's theories.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory correlates of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in a psychiatric population.

To investigate the relationships between several neuropsychological deficits and personality function, 73 schizophrenic subjects with medically verified brain damage were administered the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (L-N) and the MMPI. Relationships between each of the 14 neuropsychological variables (the fourteen summary scales of the L-N) and each of the 10 clinical and three validity scales of the MMPI were analyzed by means of t-tests and Pearson correlations. Complex relationships between the neuropsychological variables and the MMPI scales were analyzed by means of multiple regression and discriminant analysis. With the exception of the F scale, results showed a relative lack of individual relationships between the cognitive and personality variables. As expected, however, relatively strong correlations were found between neuropsychological performance and overall patterns of personality variables for 11 of the 14 neuropsychological variables. Traditional personality differences associated with lesion laterality were replicated. Personality profiles uniquely related to specific neuropsychological deficits and personality trends which appeared across neuropsychological variables were discussed in terms of psychological reactivity and cognitive loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Test-retest reliability of the clinical, factor, and localization scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Comparisons were made between initial test scores of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, the Factor scales and the Localization scales, and a second set of scores derived from a readministration of the battery. Thirty random, unscreened, psychiatric inpatients with a wide variety of diagnoses served as subjects. Patient condition was not controlled, and no subjects were dropped from the data pool. Sixteen males and 14 females with a mean age of 31.8 years (SD = 12.7), mean education of 9.3 years (SD = 3.2), and a test-retest interval mean of 8.1 months (SD = 6.0) participated. All patients had significant emotional difficulties which resulted in repeated hospitalization, and all were cooperative with test procedures. Test-retest scores for the 14 Luria scales ranged from .83 to .96, averaging .89 and for the eight Localization scales, and the reliability ranged from a low of .78 to a high of .95, with a mean of .89. The factor scales test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .01 to .96, with a .75 average for the 30 scales. All the correlations, except two on the Factor Scales, were significant at p less than .001. These results support the findings of an earlier study which focused on the 14 Luria scaled scores only. The data suggest that the Luria Battery is reliable over time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Deficits of ideokinetic praxis in chronic schizophrenics on a modified version of the Luria-Nebraska Motor Scale.

One disturbance of motility in schizophrenia is the blocking of voluntary action, or ambitendency. Although the traditional explanation for this disorder is psychological, the documentation of psychomotor slowing in the literature suggests the possibility of a neurologic pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that disconnection between the ideatory and motor components of a voluntary action described as ambitendency is similar to the ideokinetic apraxia of disease of the left frontal cortex. It was also hypothesized that because of this presumed anatomical locus, manifestation of ideokinetic apraxia in schizophrenia would be correlated with corticomotor slowing of the dominant hand. To test these hypotheses, a modified version of the Motor Scale of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Examination and the Finger Tapping Test of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery were administered to 10 chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics, 10 paranoid schizophrenics, 10 patients with major depressive disorders, 10 patients with mixed personality disorders, and 10 normals. Both chronic schizophrenics and major depressives demonstrated a significant frequency of ideokinetic apraxia in comparison with the other groups. Age was found to correlate positively with ideokinetic apraxia in the depressives, suggesting that such symptoms may be an artifact of the aging process in these subjects. Ideokinetic apraxia was correlated with slowing of the dominant hand in the chronic schizophrenics, suggesting a neurologic rather than a psychologic basis for their blocking of voluntary action. No group demonstrated a significant incidence of ideational apraxia.

Adult↗