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Results for “Muscle Neoplasms”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser therapy for noninvasive treatment of a massive hemangioma: case report.

OBJECTIVE: The author determined whether cutaneous Nd:YAG laser therapy is a viable treatment option for a massive hemangioma located in the musculus soleus muscle of a patient's left leg. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Giant hemangiomas generally require aggressive medical or surgical therapy to address complications. Because of the size of the lesions, there are risks inherent with conventional treatment options. In selected patients, Nd:YAG laser therapy is a noninvasive approach to treating large, subcutaneous hemangiomas. METHODS: A 59-year-old female patient, who was diagnosed with a large, venous-type hemangioma in the musculus soleus muscle of the left leg, was treated during two treatment sessions with Nd:YAG laser therapy. A Plexiglas ring was placed on the leg, over the hemangioma, to force the hemangioma closer to the surface and laser irradiation was applied to the skin. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up after the second treatment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated 75%-80% reduction in lesion size. There were no permanent adverse effects encountered with the treatment method. CONCLUSIONS: The author concludes that in carefully selected cases Nd:YAG laser therapy can be used to treat large hemangiomas whose size poses risks with surgical and other treatments.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Expression of DR antigens in freshly frozen human tumors.

DR antigens are thought to function as differentiation antigens and to restrict immune recognition between T cells and B cells, monocyte/macrophages, Langerhan's cells, and endothelial cells. These antigens are commonly found on tissue culture lines from metastatic melanomas and tumors of lymphocyte derivation but are notably uncommon on cell lines from other malignancies. Using frozen tissue sections, a monoclonal antibody (WI 691-13-17) known to detect an epitope common to all DR alloantigens on the beta (light) chain of DR antigens, and a two-step indirect immunoperoxidase technique, DR antigens were found on all metastatic lesions tested and on many primary tumors and their histogenetic precursors. The technique of using monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunoperoxidase staining of freshly frozen tissue allows individual cells to be assessed for antigen expression and presumably more accurately reflects in vivo antigen expression than results obtained from cells selected by tissue culture methods.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Rhabdomyoma of the tongue.

Rhabdomyomas, which are rare striated muscle neoplasms, may occur on oral or genital mucosal surfaces as well as on the skin. Little discussion of rhabdomyomas occurs in any dermatology or dermatopathology literature. We report an 84-year-old patient who had a rhabdomyoma of her lateral tongue and discuss the clinical and histologic characteristics of this unusual type of benign neoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus. The Sternberg tumor.

We report four cases of an unusual uterine smooth muscle neoplasm. All patients were of reproductive age, ranging from 23 to 41 years old, and had a pelvic mass or an enlarged uterus. Two also had menstrual irregularities. At laparotomy, an exophytic congested bulky tumor resembling placental tissue extended from the uterine wall into the broad ligament and pelvic cavity. In one case the tumors were bilateral but unequal in size. On gross examination, these exophytic components were the most distinctive feature. On microscopic examination the basic lesion appeared to be a dissecting leiomyoma with growth at its periphery in sinuous dissecting patterns and extensive degenerative changes. Some microscopic features, including dissecting growth patterns, distinctive connective tissue alterations, and a rich component of vessels, overlap with those seen in several leiomyoma variants, including infiltrating leiomyoma, leiomyoma with perinodular hydropic degeneration, and intravenous leiomyomatosis. An intravascular component was not a feature. The distinctive gross appearance and microscopic features are embodied in the designation, "cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma." The follow-up information available for three cases supports the benign nature of the tumor.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed2002

Detection and diagnostic utilization of placental alkaline phosphatase in muscular tissue and tumors with myogenic differentiation.

Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is normally produced by primordial germ cells and syncytiotrophoblasts, and the detection of its expression has been useful in the diagnosis of germ cell tumors. We have recently observed PLAP immunoreactivity in normal human adult and fetal muscle tissue. Based on this observation, we explored the possible role of PLAP in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. A total of 271 tumors were studied. These included tumors with myogenic, neural, fibrous, myofibroblastic, lipomatous, neuroepithelial, perivascular, and epithelial differentiation. A formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded section from each tumor was stained with PLAP monoclonal antibody using standard immunohistochemical methods preceded by antigen retrieval. In addition, western blotting with PLAP monoclonal antibodies was performed on fresh samples from a uterine leiomyoma, grossly normal myometrium, and placenta. Also, formalin-fixed sections of fetal skeletal muscle were labeled with double immunohistochemistry techniques using antibodies to myogenin and PLAP. Cytoplasmic PLAP reactivity was detected in all leiomyomas and rhabdomyosarcomas (100%), 7 of 15 (46%) leiomyosarcomas, 15 of 19 (79%) desmoplastic small round cell tumors, 2 of 15 (13%) gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 1 of 8 (13%) Wilms' tumors, 1 of 9 synovial sarcomas (9%), and 2 of 7 (29%) myofibroblastic tumors. No PLAP reactivity was detected in hyperplastic scars, nodular fasciitis, or the other remaining soft tissue and epithelial tumors. Double immunohistochemistry studies showed coexpression of myogenin and PLAP in fetal skeletal muscle cells, and western blot analysis showed a 70-kDa band in samples derived from grossly normal placenta, benign myometrium, and a uterine leiomyoma. PLAP immunoreactivity is detected in soft tissue tumors with known myogenic differentiation. PLAP immunoreactivity seems to relate to the degree of myogenic differentiation in soft tissue tumors and is more frequently expressed in cells with skeletal muscle differentiation and least in those with myofibroblastic features. The biologic function of PLAP in muscle and tumors with myogenic differentiation is unknown and merits further investigation. In addition to its role as a germ cell marker, PLAP may also be used as a myogenic marker in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1998

Metastatic carcinoma to skeletal muscle. A report of 15 patients.

The records of 15 patients with metastatic carcinoma to skeletal muscle treated between 1979 and the present were reviewed. Fourteen patients were referred with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma and one with suspected infection. There was a previous diagnosis of carcinoma in eight patients but seven patients had no prior diagnosis of a known malignancy. Primary tumors were lung (eight), melanoma (two), gastrointestinal (one), kidney (one), and bladder (one). No primary tumor could be identified in two patients. Local control of metastatic lesions was achieved by radiotherapy in 11 patients as an initial measure. Two patients underwent wide excision and one declined treatment for local tumor control. Eight patients died within 12 months of presentation and survival analysis indicated a 25% overall survival at 60 months. Two patients remained free of disease at 132 months and 72 months. From this study and a review of 52 cases reported in the literature, the authors are unable to find any clinical or radiographic characteristics that distinguish metastatic carcinoma to muscle from soft tissue sarcomas. Surgical resection can be reserved for cases in which radiation does not provide local control.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Nuclear beta-catenin expression distinguishes deep fibromatosis from other benign and malignant fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lesions.

Deep fibromatoses (desmoid tumors) are clonal myofibroblastic proliferations that are prone to aggressive local recurrences but that do not metastasize. They must be distinguished from a host of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lesions as well as from smooth muscle neoplasms. Virtually all deep fibromatoses have somatic beta-catenin or adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations leading to intranuclear accumulation of beta-catenin. Since low-grade sarcomas in general lack beta-catenin and since reactive proliferations would not be expected to have it, we predicted that nuclear beta-catenin expression would be detected in deep fibromatoses but absent in other entities in the differential diagnosis. We evaluated the role of beta-catenin to help differentiate distinguish deep fibromatoses from congeners. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 21 lesions from 20 patients with deep fibromatoses were stained with monoclonal beta-catenin antibody (Transduction Laboratories) and compared with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (n=12), leiomyosarcoma (n=10), various other fibrosarcoma variants (n=13, including 3 myofibrosarcomas, 3 sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcomas, 5 low-grade fibrosarcomas, 1 classic fibrosarcoma arising in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 1 inflammatory myxohyaline tumor/myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma), myofibroma/myofibromatosis (n=12), nodular fasciitis (n=11), and scars (n=9). Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was assessed. All 21 examples of deep fibromatosis displayed nuclear beta-catenin (focal nuclear staining in one case to 90% staining). All other lesions tested (n=67) lacked nuclear labeling for beta-catenin, showing only cytoplasmic accumulation. beta-Catenin immunohistochemistry separates deep fibromatosis from entities in the differential diagnosis, a finding that can be exploited for diagnosis. Most fibromatoses have diffuse nuclear staining although occasional examples only focally label.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Alveolar soft part sarcoma: immunological evidence of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation.

Two cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma have been studied immunocytochemically using antisera against epithelial membrane antigen, lysozyme, keratins, S-100 protein, desmin, vimentin, fetal myosin, slow myosin, alpha-skeletal muscle actin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and myoglobin. The neoplastic cells were negative with all antisera employed with the exception of the alpha-skeletal muscle actin antiserum which stained the cytoplasm of numerous neoplastic elements, including the crystalloid rods, typical cytoplasmic inclusions of these tumours. It is suggested that the presence of this protein indicates rhabdomyoblastic differentiation of these tumours.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

p53, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor in uterine leiomyosarcoma and leiomyomas.

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is an aggressive gynecological disease. Although ULMS are often found in association with benign leiomyoma (LMA), little is known regarding the relationship between these benign and malignant smooth muscle neoplasms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFR), and p53 in ULMS specimens, their prognostic relevance, and the expression of these molecular markers when compared to benign LMA specimens. Between 1991 and 2001, 25 patients were identified with high-grade primary ULMS and for whom tissue was available. Tissue microarray was created with three representative cores from each of the ULMS cases as well as from 19 patients with benign uterine leiomyomata. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for EGFR, PDGFR, and p53. Negative and positive IHC staining was scored for each marker. Outcome analysis was performed only for ULMS. Survival was determined from the time of initial diagnosis to last follow-up. Twelve (48%) ULMS expressed p53 compared to none of the LMA (P < 0.001), and 15 (60%) ULMS cases showed PDGFR expression compared to 32% of LMA samples (P= 0.08). EGFR expression did not differ between ULMS and LMA groups. ULMS patients with p53 expression had a poorer survival compared to ULMS patients with negative expression (P= 0.07). ULMS tumor stage had the strongest association with overall survival (P= 0.05). Our study supports previous investigations indicating that p53 expression may serve as a prognostic marker for ULMS patients. The difference in PDGFR expression between ULMS and LMA demonstrated a trend toward significance. EGFR was not commonly expressed in ULMS. These uniquely expressed markers may assist in stratifying patients by survival and identify novel therapeutic markers. Clearly, further investigation is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava presenting as Budd-Chiari syndrome.

A case of a 72-year-old male with a leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava causing Budd-Chiari syndrome is described. Percutaneous decompression of the portal system was attempted but with no success. At autopsy, a large tumor arising from and completely obstructing the inferior vena cava was found, histologically proven to be a leiomyosarcoma. Over 50 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava have been reported in the literature, the majority of which occurred in women and 1/3 of which were associated with the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Histologically up to two mitotic figures per 10 high power fields have been scored. This case indicates the unreliability of a low mitotic index as an indicator of benign behavior of smooth muscle neoplasms of the venous system.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The histopathological differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), initially presumed to be of "true" smooth muscle origin, encompass a heterogeneous, and as yet incompletely understood, group of mesenchymal tumours with respect to their origin, cellular differentiation, and prognosis. Cellular morphology ranges from predominantly spindle shaped to epithelioid in character, whereas differentiation pathways, as determined primarily by immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure, can vary from indeterminate to myoid and/or neural. Recent work has indicated that the interstitial cells of Cajal, a complex cellular network postulated to act as pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal tract, which exhibit both myoid and neural features, could be candidates for tumour histogenesis. This would provide a plausible and attractive explanation for the variable differentiation pathways identified in the GIST category to date. Nevertheless, the occasional but undisputed location of GISTs outside the gastrointestinal tract (omentum, peritoneum, and retroperitoneum) might mitigate against such an origin, and their histogenesis remains open to debate. The c-kit proto-oncogene, encoding a growth factor receptor with tyrosine kinase activity, has been postulated to play an important role in tumorigenesis because "gain of function" mutations in this gene, localised to chromosome 4q11-21, are being increasingly identified in hereditary and sporadic cases. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed at the c-kit gene product expressed on the cell surface (CD117/c-kit) appear to be increasingly helpful in resolving the histopathological differential diagnosis between GISTs and true gastrointestinal smooth muscle neoplasms, schwannomas, and other far less frequently occurring mesenchymal tumours at this site. Although tumours with a clinically benign course appear to be more common than their malignant counterparts, no specific histological criteria have as yet been identified to enable an unambiguous prediction of biological behaviour. Increasing tumour size and mitotic activity favour aggressive tumour behaviour, whereas the prognostic value of germline and somatic mutations within the c-kit proto-oncogene remains to be elucidated further. It is the aim of this synopsis to highlight the relevant fundamental and diagnostic developments with respect to this complex group of neoplasms.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2004

Intramuscular lipoma in thenar or hypothenar muscles.

We report on six patients of intramuscular lipoma of the hand. Four of them occurred in the thenar muscles and two in the hypothenar muscles. The mean age was 49 years (7-68 years). The duration of the lesions prior to excision was averaged as 35 months (12-60 months). Preoperative MRI was taken in all patients, and it was very useful for the diagnosis and differentiation between four well-circumscribed types and two infiltrative types. All operations were performed under loupe magnification. Preoperatively four patients with thenar lipoma had difficulty in moving their thumbs. Two out of four patients with lipomas in the thenar muscles had preoperative intermittent paresthesia and hyperesthesia caused by compression of the radial digital nerve of the thumb. Two patients with lipoma in the hypothenar eminence complained of difficulty with strong grip. The average diameter of the thenar group in its longest dimension was 5.2 cm (3-7 cm), and those of the hypothenar group was 5.5 cm (4-7 cm). At a mean follow-up of 55 months (21-91 months), no tumour had recurred.

Aged↗