Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Moscow”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Two and a half-year outcome of caries-preventive programs offered to groups of children in the Solntsevsky district of Moscow.

This study examined the 2.5-year outcome of preventive programs - based on the Nexö method - offered to three groups of children from Solntsevsky, a district of Moscow. Study group A consisted of 45 3-year-olds, study group B of 50 6-year-olds, and study group C of 50 11-year-olds. A similar number of children were selected as control groups and they followed the normal dental service provided by the local Health Service System in the district. The caries-preventive programs offered to the study groups were based on: (1) education of the child, parents and teachers in the caries disease, (2) training in toothbrushing. In addition, the children in study groups B and C were offered professional plaque removal, applications of sodium fluoride (2%) and sealant applications according to individual needs. The children in groups B and C were clinically examined in March 1994 (baseline) after 1 and 2.5 years, respectively. Because of the age of the children in group A, these children were only examined once, after the study had been completed. After 2.5 years the children in all three study groups had improved their oral health status significantly compared to the children in the control group. The caries experience among the children in study group A was about half of that observed among children in the control group (4.91 def-s versus 8.60 def-s). The program was highly effective in controlling dental caries in the permanent dentition among the children in the study groups, who finished with a mean DMF-S of 0.28 (group B) and 3.12 (group C) compared to 2.24 and 6.35 among the children in the corresponding control groups. Nearly all the children used fluoridated toothpaste. The mean number of visits to the clinic decreased from year 1 to year 2 (5 versus 3.4 in study group B and 4.5 versus 3.3 in study group C). In conclusion, the preventive programs were highly effective with regard to improving the level of oral hygiene, and thereby reducing or even controlling the plaque-induced disease activity.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1992

A genetic study of alcoholism in the Moscow population: preliminary findings.

This article reports the preliminary results of a family study of alcoholism in the Moscow population. A comparison of male and female alcoholic inpatients revealed differences between them in the patterns of alcoholism development and in the frequencies of the disorder among male and female probands' parents and siblings. Those differences, particularly those observed in the fathers of the female and male probands, may suggest that the liability and genetic predisposition to alcoholism in female alcoholics, on the average, are higher than those in male alcoholics. There were also differences between male and female probands in the frequencies of the types of drinking behavior (including alcoholism) we used to characterize individual phenotypes as to the liability to alcoholism in the probands' parents and spouses, indicating that the higher the liability and/or genetic predisposition to alcoholism the higher the probability of the proband's marriage to an individual with a higher liability to the disorder. The data on the comparison of the probands' children with their parents affectedness imply the possibility of a relationship between the genetic predisposition to alcoholism and the risk for mental and somatic disturbances in offspring of alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A questionnaire survey of intravenous drug addicts (Moscow, May 1997-January 1998)].

Questionnaires were distributed among users of intravenous drugs (UID) on the basis of Narcological Hospital No. 17 in Moscow and in the streets of the city (altogether, respondents filled in 298 questionnaires in the hospital and 126 questionnaires in the streets). The average age of the respondents was 21-22 years. The sufficiently wide spread of the joint use of injection instruments was noted (35-41%), the ensuing risk could be consciously evaluated by 38% of the respondents in the hospital and 20% in the streets. According to the observation diaries, HIV was not a priority for many UID. Their priorities included the problems of the treatment of hepatitis, abscesses, overdosage/poisoning, etc. Among the hospital respondents and selected street respondents the spread of hepatitis B and C was noted by 30% and 34% respectively. Under hospital conditions testing for HIV gave negative results in 58% and positive results in 5% of the respondents, while 37% of the respondents stated than they had never been tested. Among street respondents, 62% stated that they had negative results of testing and 39% stated that they had never been tested. The conclusion has been made that the realization of prophylactic programs may augment the level of knowledge concerning risks linked with the intravenous use of drugs, thus giving motivation to UID either to stop their use or to avoid contamination of the blood with HIV while using them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Risk factors of multiple sclerosis in Moscow population. I. Exogenous risk factors].

Descriptive epidemiologic investigations revealed the necessity of the exogenous influence for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). By means of "case-control" method the relations of MS with exogenous factors were studied. On the first stage there were analysed questionnaire data on 250 "patient-control" pairs matched by age, sex, nationality and birth in Moscow or out of it. The questionnaire was elaborated on the basis of the epidemiologic one recommended for the epidemiologic studies in the countries of South-East Europe. Significant correlations were found between MS and exogenous factors, namely: "tonsillitis at the age under 15 years" and "predominance of meat in the diet at the age under 15 years". These associations were confirmed by the data of both stratificative, discriminative analysis and logic regression. More detailed questionnaire was used on the second stage in 110 "patient-control" pairs. The second study confirmed such associations and found the most significant connection between MS and both tonsillitis at the age of 7-15 years and consumption of smoked meat. The influence of both exogenous factors were probably conditioned by permanent antigenic stimulation of the immune system in predisposed individuals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[One hundred years since setting up Bakhrushin hospital's prosectorium--Moscow City Center for Pathology Studies at A.A. Ostroumov Clinical Hospital No. 33].

A pathology department of the Bakhrushin Hospital was opened in 1898 and by 1998 it had become the largest centralized pathology department and Moscow City Center of pathology studies. Well known pathologists were heads and staff members of the Center: G. V. Vlasov, N. I. Krich, V. A. Klirikov, B. A. Kronrod, V. A. Yavelov.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Information system of the diagnostic x-ray service of the Moscow Public Health Committee].

The paper shows how a radiation diagnostic information service system has been set up at the Moscow Public Health Committee. The structure of the service's database that has been introduced in the Research and Practical Center of Medical Radiology and become a core of the developed system is discussed in detail. The prospects for developing the system, which are also associated with the use of Internet capacities, are given.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[The risk factors for the development of multiple sclerosis in the Moscow population. II. The combination of exogenous and hereditary factors].

Simultaneous study of both external and hereditary risk factors of the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) was carried out in Moscow population. As a result of the genotyping of HLA-DR locus on the chromosome 6, there were found markers of the predisposition to MS: by HLA-DR: DR2(15) way, especially, in homozygous heredity and in the absence of such specificity--alleles of DR3 group. The data were confirmed concerning both the elevation of frequency of the alleles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)a1 and alpha 2 and the decrease of frequency of TNF-alpha 7 allele in MS. There was also confirmed association of the disease with the external factors, such as "predominance of the meat nutrition at the age under 15 years" and "tonsillitis at the age under 15 years". There were two combinations of the external and hereditary factors, when the power of the association increased significantly: "predominance of meat nutrition at the age under 15 years" and DR2(15) and "tonsillitis at the age under 15 years" and DR3. When genetic factors were excluded, the relation of MS with the external factors was considerably reduced; when the external factors were excluded, the association of MS with genetic markers became statistically insignificant. A combination of these external factors, which were the sources for the additional antigenic immunostimulation, with certain genetic factors in DR region suggested the presence of the genetically determined peculiarities of the composition of antigen presentation HLA-DR in the individuals with DR2(15) and DR3. There was no statistically confirmed presence of a combination of the external factors with TNF-alpha alleles which increased additionally MS risk. The presence of immunostimulating antigen-containing external factors may be significant for the influence of TNF-alpha in less degree than for the realization of predisposition in form of the certain composition of HLA molecules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[The experience of the Department of Industrial Medicine of the Moscow I. M. Sechenov Medical Academy in training specialists at the postgraduate level].

Occupational Medicine Department in Moscow Sechenov Medical Academy is based on RAMSc Research Institute for Occupational Medicine. The Department's general line is postgraduate education with qualification exam and certification in following specialties: industrial hygiene, occupational pathology, clinical laboratory evaluation and prophylactic toxicology. The Department elaborated many methodic documents and study guides, sample educational programs for doctors in industrial hygiene and for residents in occupational pathology. Correspondence study is also in practice. Now textbook in occupational medicine is oncoming.

Certification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[History of creation of the Pathology Department of the I.M.Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy].

M. Ya. Mudrov was initiator of teaching pathology at the medical faculty of Moscow University. He proposed this in 1805, but regular lectures in this discipline started in 1825 by M. Ya Mudrov and Yu. Kh. Loder. Ten years later, due to Yu. Kh. Loder's activity, pathology became an independent course at the chair of normal anatomy. In 1849, an independent chair of pathology was set up.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of gunshot and blast trauma in Moscow in 1997].

Forensic medical, social, and criminological characteristics of 417 cases with gunshot and explosion injuries investigated at Bureau of Forensic Medical Expert Evaluations of Moscow in 1997 are presented. Public and social groups of victims and types of violent deaths are discussed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1999

[Experience with movalis administration against osteoarthritis in Moscow clinics].

AIM: To test effectiveness of a new nonsteroid antiinflammatory drug movalis in osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 113 patients aged 30-85 years from 8 Moscow clinics were treated with movalis. All the patients had long-standing osteoarthritis, 26 patients had concomitant gastric or duodenal ulcers. Movalis was given in daily dose from 7.5 to 15 mg for 1-4 weeks. RESULTS: None case of ulcer onset or recurrence was observed. The response was rated as good in 44.2, satisfactory in 47.0% and bad in 8.8% of the cases. Tolerance was good in 99.1% of patients and bad in 0.9%. CONCLUSION: Movalis has a definite antiinflammatory and analgetic activity in patients with osteoarthritis and spondylarthrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Perfect DiViSy technology for video network in medicine (Moscow Information Network for Teleoncology).

A large telemedicine project is now under development in Moscow. The general task of the project is to link oncology research centres and hospitals meeting the project profile, and to provide on-line (using real-time video conferences) and off-line (via distributed database of medical information) information exchange. There was no existing technology available for use at the project's base which was ready to meet all requirements, so we are using specially created technology for video networks (DiViSy V.97). We suppose this technology to be more applicable for use in telemedicine networks than are business video conference technologies and classical Internet/Intranet technologies. We affirm in our conclusion that now is the time for developing special telemedicine standards, recommendations of compatibility, etc., and that we are ready to take part in this process.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physical development of Moscow's schoolchildren during the past decade].

Long- and short-term follow-ups of the Moscow schoolchildren of the 1960s to the 1990s show that acceleration of their growth and development has mainly ceased now. Certain changes have been found in the children's morphological status. The age of menarche has become 0.5 year older. The authors consider it necessary to perform follow-ups of physical development in a pediatric population along with sociohygienic monitoring.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Basic problems of staff training in medical engineering management at the N.E, Bauman Moscow State Engineering University].

The topicality of staff training in medical engineering management in the sphere of medicine and medical engineering is dictated by that the substantiated and flexible strategy in purchasing foreign medical equipment and drugs and supporting purely Russian biomedical technologies must be one of the first steps of health public reforms in Russia. As early as 1992, the N. E. Bauman Moscow State Engineering University was the first that organize to train staff in business and management in biomedical engineering and health public. The accumulated experiment was put in the development of new curricula by the supplementary education system. Interdisciplinary training in medical engineering marketing and management was organized, thus providing both additional education for specialists having complete and incomplete higher education who received diplomas of a management bachelor or master and through training of students who got diplomas of an engineer and diplomas of a management bachelor at the international level.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experience in realizing the Harm Reduction program in Moscow].

The data on the realization of the program of the prevention of HIV infection among intravenously injecting drug users in the South-Western administrative district of Moscow are presented. In the course of the realization of the project drawn up in accordance with this program the information package permitting the collection, analysis and transmission of the necessary information on the epidemic situation and leading risk factors in the zone of the action of the project has been compiled, and on the basis of this information the tactics and strategy of preventive measures have been worked out. The main advantage of the information system thus developed is the possibility of its use in computers of any class, in any operational system, as well as its use in Internet.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[On the 60th anniversary of the Department of Embryology of Moscow State University].

The Department of Embryology of Moscow State University is 60 years old on September 1, 2000. This is not all that old, especially in comparison with the almost 250-year history of the university itself or the 150-year history of embryology in Russia, but it is sufficient, in looking back, to grasp our present situation in the common flow of events and time.

Embryology↗
PubMed2000

[Ten-year activities of the Faculty for Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel, I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy].

With the assistance and direct participation of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy has developed and introduced an unique elitist educational system to train of scientific and pedagogical staff at the pre- and postdiploma training stages on the basis of their close relationships and continuity, within whose framework a specially designed faculty has been successfully operating for 10 years. The basic principle that ensures its effective activity and solution of many didactic problems is the individualization and differentiation of an educational process by using a great diversity of reserves and organizational forms. The created system is unique in Russian and foreign practice. It improves the quality of scientific and pedagogical staff training, promotes more effective creation of staff reserves for the departments of higher educational establishments and research institutes of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Academies and Institutes↗