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Results for “Maxillofacial Development”

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PubMed1994

Growth changes in the craniofacial complex of the rat after prolonged papain administration.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate by radiographic and biometric means the effects of prolonged papain administration on growth of the craniofacial complex, to gain further insight into the importance of cranial cartilage for skull enlargement during rapid skeletal growth (25 to 70 days of age). Fifty 21-day-old male Lewis strain rats were divided randomly into three groups. Group 1 (n = 20) received 45 daily injections intraperitoneally of a 2% solution of crude papain in normal saline from 25 to 70 days of age. Group 2 (n = 20) were given 30 daily injections at the same dose level from 40 to 70 days of age, and group 3 (n = 10) served as untreated controls. Animals were weighted daily until 70 days of age and then every other day until killed at day 120. Submental-vertex and lateral skull radiographs were obtained at 25, 40, 53, 70, 90, and 120 days of age with standardized skull positioning and radiographic settings. Cephalometric measurements of 22 linear dimensions were made in each of 360 cephalograms, and the data analyzed statistically with Student's t test. Growth velocity curves were evaluated for evidence of catch-up growth. Body-weight gain by papain-treated groups was less than for controls (p < 0.001). Skull and nasal lengths, middle cranial base length, and sphenoidal length were significantly shorter (p < 0.001). Neurocranial length was also shortened, whereas neurocranial height and supraoccipital height increased. Reduction of skull dimensions was generally more pronounced in the earlier injected group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Fetal mustache in early pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence in an unselected population of a rod-like structure on the fetal upper lip (called a 'mustache') which we had previously observed as an incidental finding. A secondary aim was to determine whether this was associated with any abnormalities or abnormal outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective non-randomized study. SUBJECTS: Three thousand consecutive fetuses from an unselected population were scanned by one sonologist. METHOD: Transvaginal ultrasound examinations were performed at 14-16 weeks' gestation. Repeat sonographic examinations were performed at 20-22 weeks' gestation in cases where a mustache was detected, and these neonates were examined by a pediatrician after delivery. RESULTS: Seven of 3000 fetuses had a mustache-like structure on the upper lip. The 'mustache' disappeared later in gestation. No anomaly of the upper lip was detected after birth in these fetuses. CONCLUSION: A mustache-like structure on the fetal upper lip in early pregnancy probably represents a normal variant of lip development. It is likely to represent a delay in the normal process of lip fusion during embryonic life.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1995

Log-linear allometry of normal fetal craniofacial growth.

Normative data on human craniofacial growth during the fetal period and important to provide a broader perspective on normal morphogenesis as well as to serve as reference for analyzing craniofacial syndromes in which growth has gone awry. Over a 19-year period, the Teratology Unit at the University of Michigan Medical Center has collected data on 2,568 legally donated fetuses that have undergone necropsy examination at various gestational ages. From previous analyses, 609 of the total fetal population (25%) were designated as typical for age or body weight on the basis of normal morphology, absence of maceration, and general growth symmetry. Of the 609 fetuses reviewed, 54 were excluded secondary to incomplete data. The remaining 555 constitute the basis of this study. Seven craniofacial measurements were recorded, including head circumference (HC), brain weight, inner canthal and outer canthal distances, and distances from nasion to menton, outer canthus to tragus and auditory meatus to vertex. Statistical analysis was carried out using the single-factor allometric model of Sewall Wright. Size was estimated as the first unstandardized principal component of the logarithms of lengths and of cube roots of weights, and then allometry was expressed in the regressions of each log variable on size. Significant allometry was found as were significant differences in errors about the allometric relation, but no evidence for more than a single factor or of "nonlinearity" in the regression curves was noted. Although there were differences of specific allometric coefficients between the various measurements (i.e., the slope of the curve for IC was significantly smaller than the slope of the curve generated for HC), these specific growth rates remain in relatively strict proportion to one another from early in gestation (body weight, 54.2 gm) to later in gestation (body weight, 1,000 gm).

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1978

Growth potential of cranial suture bone autografts. I. An experimental macrosopic investigation in young rabbits.

On 25 rabbit sucklings a coronal suture-bone graft was transplanted into an experimental unilateral premaxillo-maxillary bone and stuture defect. 21 animals survived the experimental period and were sacrificed fullgrown (6 months). The graft was found to be well incorporated into the recipient site in all cases, its structure being remodelled to a striking similarity with the unoperated side and the suture was still visible. Photographic measurement of the snout deviation revealed that the longitudinal growth of the grafted suture approximately followed the general growth of the facial skeleton. This indicates an up to 3-fold increase of the growth in comparison to its original cranial growth site.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The development and structure of the chimpanzee mandible.

The sites of growth and remodeling, and the associated changes in cortical bone structure, have been studied in the chimpanzee mandible and compared with those previously reported in the human and macaque mandibles. The location of the principal sites of growth, and the distribution of the areas of deposition and resorption in the ramus, were found to be similar in all three species. In the chimpanzee, unlike Man, the bone being deposited at the condyle, posterior border of the ramus and coronoid process was plexiform in nature, indicating very rapid growth. The pattern of remodeling in the mandibular body, on the other hand, showed marked species differences at the chin and on the submandibular lingual surface, which account for the contrasts seen in the adult morphology of these regions. Although the pattern of distribution of cortical densities differed from that of surface remodeling, the information they give is complementary in analysing bone growth. The densest regions were found to coincide with sites of consistent lamellar deposition, while the least dense regions were those where plexiform bone was formed. Areas where remodeling led to the greatest reorientation of bone tissue within the cortex showed the greatest disparity between the two patterns.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed1983

[Growth of the jaws and anisochronia of bone growth].

Teleradiographic recordings were employed to compare growth of maxillary skeleton and changes in dental systems. Facial growth occurs at a constant rate during the period when growth in stature is firstly slowed, and then accelerates with the approach of puberty. Growth rates of different parts of the skeleton are not parallel and the face is not involved in the prepubertal acceleration in statural growth. In contrast, puberty affects the adaptation of the dental system to its maxillary insertion bases by its action on buccal musculature.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal sagittal growth of the osseous components of the human palate.

The human osseous palate consists of the palatine processes of the maxillary bone anterior to the transverse palatine suture and the horizontal processes of the palatine bone posterior to the suture. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the sagittal growth of these different bone components bordering the transverse palatine suture. The material comprised radiographs of cranial midsagittal tissue blocks from 44 human fetal specimens obtained by legally approved abortions. Gestational age (GA) ranged from 10 to 26 weeks and crown-rump lengths (CRLs) from 50 to 240 mm. The lengths of the maxillary and palatine components of the hard palate were measured with a digital caliper on 3x-enlarged projections of the radiographs. A significant increase in the lengths of both palatal components occurred during the period investigated. Regression analysis on GA showed a linear course of the growth curve in the period studied and gave indirect evidence of a curvilinear shape in the period preceeding the one studied. Growth rates for the palatal dimensions were found to be proportional to that of CRL. The increase in total length resulted predominantly from an increase in the anteroposterior dimension of the maxillary component.

Cranial Sutures↗
PubMed1994

The measurement of anterior and posterior facial heights in a Nigerian population.

A biological norm for the facial heights of Nigerians has been established by cephalometric measurements. Except for lower posterior facial height (LPFH), the other measurements namely upper anterior facial height (UAFH), lower anterior facial height (LAFH) and upper posterior facial height (UPFH), are not age dependent.

Adolescent↗