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PubMed1991

Marriage and conjugal roles in Swaziland: persistence and change.

"This paper examines one set of relationships central to the Swazi household--marriage and conjugal roles--and how those relationships have changed over the last half century. Information has been analyzed on such topics as types of marriages contracted, the age at marriage, choice of spouse, attitudes towards and participation in polygyny, the nature of conjugal roles, and the question of divorce. This study has drawn upon a wide range of sources including (1) an analysis of civil records from the office of the District Commissioner in Manzini, Swaziland; (2) data collected previously by other social scientists; and (3) survey data gathered especially for this study. The study concludes that while changes have occurred, many traditional patterns of marriage and family continue to be important in contemporary Swazi society."

Africa↗
PubMed1991

[[Attitudes toward marriage and their effect on expected life course patterns of unmarried Japanese women]].

"The aim of this paper is to study the perspectives unmarried women [in Japan] hold towards marriage, and towards their life course. This paper will also attempt to determine how changing life course perspectives among unmarried women are influencing the trend towards later marrying ages. [Data are from a] sample of 2,605 unmarried women aged 18-34 derived from the 9th National Fertility Survey conducted...in 1987....[The author finds that] while still planning to marry eventually, more women are putting off marriage. In conclusion, the increase in the proportion of unmarried women...is not so much because they have chosen the unmarried life course in order to pursue their careers, but rather merely because they are putting off marriage until later." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An analysis of consanguineous marriage in the Muslim population of India at regional and state levels.

Consanguineous marriage is widely favoured in a large majority of the world's Islamic populations. According to recent estimates, the resident Muslim population of India is over 100 million. However, apart from a few numerically small or geographically defined surveys, little is known about their patterns of marriage preferences since partition of the Indian Subcontinent in 1947. This study seeks to determine the prevalence and patterns of consanguineous marriages contracted among Indian Muslims at regional and state levels during the last two generations. Data from the 1992/93 Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS) were used in the analysis. The NFHS was a nationally-representative survey of ever-married women aged 13-49 years, conducted across 25 states of India. Of the initial 9845 respondents, 8436 were included in the final weighted analysis sample. Overall, 22.0% of marriages were found to be contracted between spouses related as second cousins or closer, ranging from 15.9% in the eastern states to 32.9% in the western states of India. In all parts of the country first cousin marriages were the preferred form of consanguineous union, and in four of the five regions paternal first cousin marriages predominated. Despite predictions to the contrary, there was no evidence of a significant change in the prevalence of consanguineous unions over the course of the study period, which extended from the late 1950s to the early 1990s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The proportion of married couples who divorce: past patterns and current prospects.

This article provides estimates of the proportions of marriages which ended in divorce for the different groups of couples who have married since the 1950s. Over one quarter of all couples who married in the late 1970s and early 1980s had divorced by the end of 1994. As well as giving the overall proportion of couples married in a given year who subsequently divorced, estimates are provided of the corresponding proportions for different subsets of those couples--according to each partner's marital status before marriage, and age at marriage. For some of the higher risk groups--bachelors and spinsters who married as teenagers and divorced men and women who remarried in their early twenties--the proportions who had divorced by 1994 had reached over 40 per cent, and in some cases just over 50 per cent, amongst those who had married between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s. Finally, a life table analysis is carried out to estimate the proportion of marriages which would end in divorce were the duration--specific divorce rates to remain unchanged at their 1993/94 levels. On this basis, two in five marriages would ultimately end in divorce; just under one half of couples would celebrate their silver wedding, whilst the average length of marriage would be 26 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Models for pattern formation in somitogenesis: a marriage of cellular and molecular biology.

Somitogenesis, the process by which a bilaterally symmetric pattern of cell aggregations is laid down in a cranio-caudal sequence in early vertebrate development, provides an excellent model study for the coupling of interactions at the molecular and cellular level. Here, we review some of the key experimental results and theoretical models related to this process. We extend a recent chemical pre-pattern model based on the cell cycle Journal of Theoretical Biology 207 (2000) 305-316, by including cell movement and show that the resultant model exhibits the correct spatio-temporal dynamics of cell aggregation. We also postulate a model to account for the recently observed spatio-temporal dynamics at the molecular level.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The impact of marital relationship on the rehabilitation process in a group of women with long-term musculoskeletal disorders.

This qualitative study investigated problems in the rehabilitation of women with long-term, musculoskeletal pain disorders. Data were collected by repeated semi-structured interviews and doctor-patient encounters during two years, and analysed in a gender perspective. The "marriage contract", i.e. the pattern of division of duties and power structure within the marital relationship, was of obvious importance to the implementation of rehabilitation measures. We explored situations where the rehabilitation measures disagreed with the terms and patterns in the "marriage contract". The participants' ways of coping with the contract in these delicate situations could be described as three type strategies; accepting the terms, negotiating for new terms, and breaking the contract. The crucial impact of the "marriage contract" and the type strategies on the rehabilitation process are exemplified.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Urban nuptiality patterns and marital fertility in Nigeria.

This study indicates that urban marital patterns in nine Nigerian cities influence fertility. Fertility is also influenced by age at marriage, region of residence, ethnicity and religion; education and employment lead to marriage delay and tend to conflict with childbearing by enhancing the status of women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Social class, marital status, and cancer of the uterine cervix in England and Wales, 1950-1983.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate whether trends in mortality from cancer of the cervix uteri by age, marital status, and social class are compatible with current beliefs about the epidemiology of the disease. DESIGN: Data on mortality from cancer of the cervix for single and married women by age and social class were obtained from the Registrar General's Decennial Supplements on occupational mortality for the years 1950-53, 1959-63, 1970-72, and 1979, 1980, 1982, and 1983. Age standardised mortality rates were calculated directly by social class and marital status. SETTING: The data relate to all cases of carcinoma of the cervix reported in England and Wales in the years studied. MAIN RESULTS: There was a marked convergence of mortality between single and married women over the period within every social class grouping examined. The social class differential, however, remained essentially unchanged for both single and married women considered separately. CONCLUSIONS: Trends in mortality by marital status appear to reflect accurately the changes in the pattern of marriage and sexual behaviour that have taken place in the post-war period, whereas the patterns of other risk and protective factors such as screening explain these trends less well. In contrast, it seems likely that factors other than patterns of sexual behaviour and screening operate to maintain the social class differential in England and Wales.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Marriages in 'approved premises' in England and Wales: the impact of the 1994 Marriage Act.

This article considers the advent in 1995 of civil marriage in approved premises which was made possible by a new Marriage Act. The growth and characteristics of approved premises marriages which were solemnised in the first 1 3/4 years of the Act are analysed, comparing the patterns of marriage by age, previous marital status and day of the week with those of register office and religious marriages. Finally, an estimate is made of the extent to which the introduction of marriages in approved premises has drawn away marriages which might otherwise have been solemnised in register offices, or with religious ceremonies.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Studying marriage and family therapists in the 21st century: methodological and technological issues.

In this article, I present data from two waves of research on demographic characteristics and practice patterns of marriage and family therapists (MFTs) conducted in 2000 and 2002. The research focuses on the methodological and technological issues in studying this population. Specifically, an online survey with MFTs obtained lower response rates and was therefore more expensive relative to phone and mail methods. Questions about evidence-based therapies (EBTs) were asked two different ways with significantly different results based on how the questions were phrased. A discussion of the relative advantages and disadvantages of using different survey methodologies and consideration of issues pertinent to studying EBTs are included.

Educational Technology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Birth spacing patterns and correlates in Shaanxi, China.

This study shows that most women in Shaanxi Province, China try to have their first birth as soon as possible after their first marriage, and that the length of the interval between marriage and first birth is strongly correlated with the woman's age at first marriage. The length of the second and third birth intervals and the likelihood of going on to have a second or third birth are strongly influenced by the sex composition of children already born, the survival time of the child initiating the interval, the duration of breastfeeding, and the woman's occupation. There is significant regional variation in the length of birth intervals and in the prevalence of second and third births in Shaanxi. The findings indicate that China's one-child policy is far from being universally accepted in Shaanxi, including its urban areas. The persistence of many social, economic, institutional, and cultural factors promoting high fertility poses many obstacles to further fertility decline.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Patterns of life events derived from demographic rates and social norms.

"A simulation programme is described which constructs whole life courses from sequences of birth, entering into and dissolution of marriage, fertility and death. Data are derived from probabilities of these events based on demographic rates and social rules (the SOCSIM programme); descriptions of lives are obtained from a post-processor. The simulation is applied to two contrasting populations [the United States and Madagascar] to show the relative influence of vital rates and divorce rules on lives in a high mortality-high fertility and low mortality-low fertility population."

Africa↗
PubMed1995

Influence of industrialisation on marital behaviour in Beduído (Estarreja), Portugal.

From marriage records of a Northern Portuguese parish for 1900-80, endogamy and exogamy rates were calculated for birthplace and residence in order to analyse the effect of industrialisation on the population structure after 1940. Marriages that were endogamous relative to birthplace decreased between 1940-49 (58.9%) and 1988 (20.5%), while exogamy increased. Exogamous marriages in which people came from outside the municipality (51.92%) were greater than those of the surrounding region (42.04%). After industrialisation, the pattern of marriages changed for residence, with an increase in the number of individuals who came from the district to work in the factories and married. Industrialisation advanced the start of exogamy which, for most Portuguese populations, began later, in the 1960s.

Adult↗