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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Mycoses of genital organs of girls - therapeutic problems (author's transl)].

The therapeutic effectiveness of poliene antibiotics, such as nystatin, polyfungin, and pimafucin, was comparatively analysed in the context of mycoses of the genital organs of girls in various periods of development. Early detection of fungi in genital organs, the oral cavity, rectum, and urethra is of great importance to mycosis treatment of children. Whenever antimycotic treatment is followed by recurrent outbreaks, all persons in the child's closer environment have to be examined at any rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Current role of amphotericin B in the treatment of deep mycoses].

Amphotericin B (Am. B), a polyene heptaene, is an antifungal antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces nodosus, a telluric actinomycetal from Venezuela. Although it is a very toxic substance and its pharmacokinetic is not completely known, Am. B is yet the former antifungal substance utilised against number of pathogenic agents of systemic mycoses. Am. B binds irreversibly to sterols of fungal cytoplasmic membranes causing a leak of potassium and other impairments leading the fungal cell to death. Further, Am. B might to induce an enhancement of humoral and cellular immunity. After intravenous perfusion, 95 per cent of Am. B binds to plasma lipoproteins. Only a low proportion of the Am. B serum level is detected in the CSF. Distribution of Am. B to extravascular inflammatory fluids and secretions might be letter. Am. B might be eliminated essentially by biliary way. Am. B toxic effects are very frequent. Generalized reactions are observed to the earlier doses. Toxic visceral, above all, nephrotoxic manifestations, appearing later. Recent results, from experimental and human infections suggest that Am. B encapsulated in liposomal vesicles is more active, less toxic and more easily administered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Preventive drug therapy of mycoses in surgery].

In surgery there exist several groups of patients with significant risk of deep-seated mycoses, e.g., those undergoing cardiac surgery, renal transplantation, intravenous alimentation or suffering from grave burn injury. "Blind prophylaxis" which would be applied indiscriminately to all patients of the respective groups cannot be recommended with the presently available systemic (parenteral or orally absorbed) antimycotic drugs for reasons such as toxicity or risk of resistance. Less objections exist against the oral, not absorbed polyene antibiotics; however, prophylaxis with these drugs only covers candidiasis affecting, or originating from, the digestive tract and lacks statistical proof of efficacy. As an alternative to "blind prophylaxis", selective prophylaxis" is proposed which is consistent with close supervision of the patients and start of antimycotic treatment as soon as there are signs of a probable fungal infection. This is, more correctly, a sort of "early therapy".

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laboratory diagnosis of deep mycoses: generalities].

The mycological, immunological and histological laboratory techniques in deep mycoses are of variable interest according to the responsible fungus. If direct exam is generally possible anywhere, and very valuable in some affections, immunological diagnosis is quite often dependent of a highly specialized laboratory. As injured tissues can be transported at a long distance, with some cares and precautions, histological exams are of great interest, taken into consideration the difficulty of direct as well as indirect exams.

Fungi↗
PubMed1979

[Recent progress in immunologic technics for the diagnosis of systemic mycoses].

The new immunological techniques used for the diagnosis of systemic mycoses are very specific. Purified antigens are now available and new methods allow the detection of various classes of specific antibodies. Precipitation tests, such as bidimensional electrophoresis and electroimmunodiffusion, are compared with passive agglutination tests; radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassays are analyzed. The value and utilization of cellular immunity and various other tests are discussed.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

Aspergillosis and other systemic mycoses. The growing problem.

To measure the incidence in the United States of systemic mycoses necessitating hospitalization, we reviewed discharge records of 1,875 hospitals participating in the Professional Activity Study of the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities. Projected incidence rates in 1976 ranged from 23.0 per million for histoplasmosis to 0.2 per million for blastomycosis. High prevalences of leukemia or lymphoma (5.9% to 10.2%) or of other malignancies (9.9% to 13.2%) were recorded in patients with aspergillosis, candidasis, or cryptococcosis. High prevalences of chronic obstructive lung disease (9.6% to 9.9%) were recorded in those with aspergillosis or histoplasmosis. Marked increases from 1970 to 1976 were found in the incidence of aspergillosis (158%), actinomycosis (92%), cryptococcosis (78%), and coccidioidomycosis (74%). Increasing numbers of persons with immunosuppressive conditions, migration of susceptible persons into hyperendemic areas, and aging of the population contributed to the increases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Therapeutic possibilities in mucosal and organ mycoses.

From the practical experience and from own results of examinations in the therapy of mycoses of mucous membrane and organ resulted the following problems: It is necessary a sufficient concentration of the antimycotic remedy in the place of the growth of the fungus on and in the tissues. It depends on the kind of application, absorptive capacity and compatibility. When pre-disposing factors are present the gastrointestinal tract should be cleaned up as the most important reservoir. Repeated determinations of the causative organisms and tests of the resistance are necessary for therapy.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Endoscopic surgical treatment of mycoses of the paranasal sinuses].

Chronic sinusitis and its complications are often caused by fungi. In Europe and North America Aspergillus species are the most frequent contaminants of the sinuses, with relatively few cases of mycoses by Mucor, Candida, Penicillium and Cladosporium reported in literature. Though mainly saprophytic fungi, Aspergillus and especially Mucor may cause severe, potentially lethal complications. Consequently, therapy should include complete removal of the mycotic masses and prevent reinfection. Due to anatomical and physiological conditions, frontal and maxillary sinus infection derives from a chronically infected ethmoid in almost all of the cases. Endoscopical operation of the diseased ethmoid is hence an importand factor in our treatment schedule: Stenotic and/or chronically infected areas of the anterior and middle ethmoid are localised by X-ray tomography and/or CT. Then these areas are first inspected with the endoscope and then endoscopically operated, creating a large ostium by opening the infundibulum into the sinus. If it is impossible to remove all mycotic masses through this new window, an anterior approach is made in a third stage via the fossa canina. The fungus is removed, leaving the sinus mucosa untouched. There is no need for a window to the inferior nasal meatus. For follow-up treatment instillations of antimycotic creams are applied (Imidazole and Naftifine). The endoscopic operative technique is described in detail and its advantages and possible difficulties are discussed. 48 patients were studied and followed up for this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Mycoses caused by fungal spores in indoor air].

Fungal spores in indoor air may cause mycoses and allergies in man. The following different types of exposure are interesting from the epidemiological view-point: (a) the occupational exposure (work done with fungi-contaminated material), (b) the accidental exposure (formation and growing of fungi by constructive defects), and (c) the inconspicuous constant exposure (as part of lifestyle, e.g. by plants or small pets). It is stressed that the only way to characterize the indoor air quality with regard to its content of fungal spores is by uncontestable mycological diagnostics.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1981

[Internal mycoses of exogenous origin (author's transl)].

The increase of both visceral mycoses and designations used for them requires, among other matters an accord on a better non-ambiguous terminology. The disease designation "blastomycosis" is quite obsolete and should be replaced by proper terms such as candida mycosis, cryptococcus mycosis, histoplasma mycosis etc. The frequently used term "systemic mycosis" should be restricted to exogenous mycotic infections of internal organs caused by obligatory pathogenic fungi such as Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum and others. The common term "endomycosis" is considered appropriate for fungal infections provoked by secondary disease provoking fungi of opportunistic pathogenicity especially by species of the form genus Candida. Other mycotic infections of visceral organs, mainly of the respiratory tract f.i. by species of Aspergillus and other molds, are likewise mostly of secondary nature and should not be considered as systemic mycosis in the restricted meaning of the word because of their lacking tendency to dissemination.

Africa↗
PubMed1982

[Mycoses caused by fungal spores in indoor air].

Airborne fungal spores may cause mycoses and allergies. From the epidemiological angle, various modes of exposure are possible, viz. 1. Professional (Work with material contaminated with fungi); 2. Accidental (Growth or presence of fungi owing to shortcomings of construction); and 3. Discrete, constant (Household-associated activities such as keeping of potted plants and pets). To enable an evaluation of indoor air quality in respect of its content of fungal spores, a reliable mycological diagnosis is required.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical manifestations of various mycoses of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts in African pathology].

Mycotic infections are prevalent in tropical Africa, and are sometimes observed North and South of this zone, but they are usually localized to the lower limbs (mycetoma), without manifestations in the ORL sphere. However, various ubiquitous superficial mycoses are also encountered in Africa, particularly Aspergilloses and Candidoses. Their clinical expression (apart from several cases of pseudo-tumoral sinusal aspergillosis...) differs only slightly from that observed and treated everywhere, and they are not discussed. Also excluded are several cases of North-American Blastomycosis reported North and South of the Sahara (Blastomyces Dermatidis). Their ORL manifestations do not appear to have been studied. Three very well known major forms remain: Histoplasmoses, Rhinosporidiosis, Phycomycoses (or Rhino--Entomophtoroses). Sporotrichoses with nasofacial manifestations may also, perhaps, be included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Our experience treating deep mycoses with amphoglucamine].

Amphoglucamine, an antifungal drug was used in the form of inhalations or orally for the treatment of 36 patients with deep mycoses. No toxic effect of the drug was observed. Satisfactory tolerance of the treatment by the patients and an improvement in their state were recorded. After discontinuation of the drug use there were found elements of the fungi possibly due to insufficient dosage of the drug in the form of tablets.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Prophylaxis against mycoses in neutropenic patients].

During the last years, the proportion of cancer patients who develop systemic fungal infections has increased steadily. These infections are characterised by high mortality, especially in patients with persistent granulocytopenia and in those receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants. The most important pathogens in neutropenic patients are Candida and Aspergillus spp. Usually, Candida infections arise from overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract, while Aspergillus infections are acquired by inhalation of spores. Prophylaxis of systemic fungal infections seems mandatory since optimal strategies for diagnosis and treatment of these infections are lacking. Treatment with the non-absorbable polyenes nystatin and amphotericin B is useful for prophylaxis of superficial fungal infections, provided that compliance of the patients is optimal. The imidazoles ketoconazole and miconazole can reduce the incidence of superficial fungal infections, but there are conflicting data regarding their value for prevention of systemic mycoses. There are several studies indicating that prophylactic use of fluconazole reduces the incidence of mucosal and systemic fungal infections, especially in patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants. Fluconazole shows reduced activity against several Non-albicans spp. and is not active against Aspergillus spp. Itraconazole has in vitro and in vivo activity against several Aspergillus spp. but high serum and tissue levels are necessary. However, bioavailability of itraconazole is reduced in patients with raised gastric pH and no i.v. formulation is available. Although there is some evidence for its prophylactic activity against Aspergillus infections in neutropenic patients, more studies are necessary to confirm these findings. Intravenous amphotericin B cannot be recommended for routine prophylactic use because of its toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1994

[Aspects in the diagnosis of deep-seated opportunistic mycoses].

Possibilities for the mycological, mycoserological and clinical diagnostics of deep-seated opportunistic mycoses--cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and candidosis--are shown. Improvements of the diagnostics and interpretation by consideration of pathogenesis and clinical situation are discussed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Systemic mycoses in the 21st century.

This article explores the growing importance of systemic mycoses, considering briefly their present and future roles as infecting agents, and considers the rapid changes occurring in antifungal therapy. This article also speculates on the major developments anticipated for the next decade.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of systemic mycoses in patients with AIDS.

Far and away the most common fungal infection associated with HIV infection is candidiasis. This tends to produce mucosal topical infections and local treatment may be enough to control them. Generally we prefer courses of 1-2 weeks rather than chronic suppression, for fear of eliciting overgrowth of resistant isolates. Fluconazole resistant Candida species may be an increasing problem over the next decade. For cryptococcoses the problem is both simpler and more complicated. Fluconazole is highly effective for chronic suppression, but not very effective for initial therapy. Here a short course of amphotericin B, just 2 weeks in length, is followed by chronic azole suppression. Fluconazole appears excellent, but itraconazole may also be effective. For histoplasmosis itraconazole appears to be the most advantageous drug, with excellent clinical response within 2 weeks. A role for fluconazole is unclear. Coccidioidomycosis is uncommon, but difficult. I cannot offer any suggestions on "ideal" therapy here. Other diseases, such as aspergillosis, are extremely uncommon but still are AIDS associated mycoses. It is my personal fear that as we go along identifying the AIDS virus and its complications, aspergillosis and zygomycosis may establish themselves as the future "black hats" for which we will need to pull something out of the "box". What to pull is not very clear.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[The most common pathogens in opportunistic mycoses and their clinical manifestations].

The most frequent pathogens of opportunistic mycotic infections are Candidae. The clinical manifestation of infection is very varied. With regard to the extent of the affection the following are differentiated: 1. mucocutaneous candidosis, 2. organ affections and 3. disseminated candidosis. The incidence of mycoses caused by Aspergillae, cryptococci, and mucors is of a lower order, these infections are, however, associated with a relatively higher mortality. The authors review briefly different fungi and describe the most important clinical manifestations of infection.

Humans↗