SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MYCOPLASMA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1970

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma salivarium: electron microscopy of colony growth in agar.

Colonies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma salivarium grown in PPLO agar were examined by light and electron microscopy. The main objective of the investigation was to attempt in situ fixation and minimize tonic changes in the organisms. Microscopy revealed that both organisms grew both in and upon the agar. The agar and surface growths of M. pneumoniae exhibited similar profiles, whereas those of M. salivarium differed strikingly. Both organisms are highly pleomorphic, but their matrix was denser and appeared more intact than in previously reported profiles. Cells which resemble the commonly reported mycoplasma were occasionally observed. The significance of these discrepant profiles remains unanswered. It is suggested that they may represent aged or osmotically damaged cells.

Agar↗

PubMed1971

Proposal for classifying human strain navel and related simian mycoplasmas as Mycoplasma primatum sp. n.

Mycoplasmas isolated from simian (Cercopithecus aethiops) tissues were shown to have biological, biochemical, and serological properties and electrophoretic cell protein patterns similar to strain Navel isolated from man 15 years ago. The simian and human Navel strains comprised a single serogroup, distinct from the established Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species of the class Mollicutes. It is proposed that strains with the properties described be named Mycoplasma primatum.

Animals↗

PubMed1968

Physiological and serological comparisons among strains of Mycoplasma granularum and Mycoplasma laidlawii.

Mycoplasma granularum strains grew on a medium devoid of animal serum or of serum fractions containing sterols; all strains possessed properties, including carotenoid biosynthesis, similar to those described for M. laidlawii. Some common antigenic components were noted among M. granularum and M. laidlawii strains by indirect fluorescent-antibody tests. The growth of M. granularum strains was slightly inhibited by antiserum to M. laidlawii PG-8, and the electrophoretic patterns of cell proteins of the M. granularum strains showed a close resemblance to that of M. laidlawii. However, direct fluorescent-antibody procedures performed on colonies grown on a serum-free medium clearly distinguished M. granularum from M. laidlawii. The occurrence of nonsterol-requiring mycoplasmas, in addition to M. laidlawii, raises questions as to the taxonomy of M. granularum and of the saprophytic mycoplasmas in general.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Effect of a Mycoplasma hominis-like Mycoplasma on the infection of HEp-2 cells by the TW-183 strain of Chlamydia pneumoniae.

We isolated a Mycoplasma hominis-like mycoplasma from a stock culture of Chlamydia pneumoniae TW-183 obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and eradicated the contaminant by treating the stock suspension with a nonionic detergent, Igepal CA-630. The M. hominis-like mycoplasma neither inhibits nor enhances the infectivity of C. pneumoniae for HEp-2 cells.

Chlamydophila pneumoniae↗

PubMed1980

The preparation of transforming DNA from Mycoplasma hominis strain Sprott tetr and quantitative studies of the factors affecting the genetic transformation of Mycoplasma salivarium strain S9 tets to tetracycline resistance.

DNA extracted by a standard method from Mycoplasma hominis Sprott, resistant to 100 micrograms tetracycline, permitted the quantitative genetic transformation of tetracycline-sensitive Mycoplasma salivarium to resistance. The yield was 1 microgram DNA/10(9) cells. This DNA enabled determination of the optimum conditions for making M. Salivarium competent with CaCl2 and for studying some factors affecting transformation. Mycoplasma salivarium was transformed to resistance to 10, 20, and 30 micrograms tetracycline but not to 40 micrograms. The optimum DNA concentration for transforming resistance to 10, 20, and 30 micrograms tetracycline was the same, i.e., 50 micrograms DNA/10(8) viable cells. Treatment with DNase indicated that DNA uptake took 30 min. Competition between transforming DNA and DNA from calf thymus and M. salivarium tets inhibited transformation.

Calcium Chloride↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Monoclonal antibodies to Mycoplasma hyorhinis surface antigens: tools for analyzing mycoplasma-lymphoid cell interactions.

A library has been constructed of approximately 50 monoclonal antibodies that recognize antigens of Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Characteristics of six antibodies are discussed. Each reacts with a discrete determinant borne on a protein-containing molecule of distinct molecular size. Three of these respective antigens are expressed at the surface of mycoplasmas colonizing lymphoblastoid cells in culture. Of these three surface antigens, two are selectively expressed on strain GDL but not on strain BTS-7 of M. hyorhinis, thus defining strain-restricted immunological specificities within these species. One monoclonal antibody of the IgM class (mu, kappa) mediated marked complement-dependent growth inhibition of M. hyorhinis in broth culture. These monoclonal reagents should facilitate analysis of mycoplasma surface architecture, and the molecular interactions of these organisms with the host cell surface.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Failure of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection to confer protection against Mycoplasma genitalium: observations from a mouse model.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. genitalium are genomically distinct but share antigens that induce some serological cross-reactivity. Therefore, the possibility that M. pneumoniae infection of the human respiratory tract might provide immunity to M. genitalium infection of the genital tract was considered. Because of the difficulty of assessing this proposition in man, it was evaluated experimentally in a mouse model. Female BALB/c mice were susceptible to infection of the vagina with M. pneumoniae, whereas those infected previously in the oropharynx with M. pneumoniae were completely immune to infection of the vagina with this mycoplasma. However, all mice with such a respiratory tract infection were susceptible to infection of the vagina with M. genitalium. The findings suggest that an M. pneumoniae infection of the human respiratory tract is unlikely to influence infection of the genital tract by M. genitalium.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Genital lesions in an outbreak of caprine contagious agalactia caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma putrefaciens.

This paper reports on the genital lesions observed in adult male and female goats from a commercial flock in the Extremadura region of southwestern Spain, following an outbreak of contagious agalactia syndrome caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae and M. putrefaciens. Although both species were isolated from several organs, M. putrefaciens was the only agent isolated from the genital lesions reported here, characterized by desquamative salpingitis and cystic catarrhal metritis in females and by testicular degeneration in males. Mycoplasma putrefaciens was isolated from the testes of only one of the males examined.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Use of the polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma genitalium in the urogenital tract and amniotic fluid.

In an attempt to further define the natural history of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma fermentans infections in humans, we used cultures and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine whether these organisms were present in the urethra and cervix of sexually active adults and in the amniotic fluid of women whose membranes were intact and collected at the time of cesarean delivery (to preclude cervical contamination). M. genitalium was detected by PCR but not by culture in 11% of patients with urethritis or cervicitis. It was not detected by either PCR or culture in the 232 amniotic fluid samples analyzed. In contrast, M. fermentans was not detected by either method in patients with urethritis or cervicitis but was detected by PCR in 4 of 232 amniotic fluid samples tested. These results indicate that in these four cases M. fermentans was transferred transplacentally. Histological evidence of chorioamnionitis was present in two of the four patients, a finding suggesting that M. fermentans may be a cause of chorioamnionitis. These results must be confirmed by other investigators, and further studies should be undertaken to determine the potential clinical significance of M. fermentans infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Experimentally induced septic arthritis in chimpanzees infected with Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Mycoplasma hominis was isolated in pure culture from septic synovial aspirates from an individual (patient A) during 16 different bouts of exacerbation over a 70-month period of observation. Two isolates, 10(7) and also 10(6) color-changing units (CCU) of the 1620 isolate and 5 x 10(4) CCU of the 1628 isolate, caused inflammation in chimpanzees inoculated intraarticularly. Inflammation was also induced with 10(7) CCU of the 2010B isolate, serovar VII of Ureaplasma urealyticum, recovered from an agammaglobulinemic individual (patient B) with septic polyarthritis and with 3 x 10(6) CCU of the PI-1428 isolate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Inflammation persisted for up to 36 days and was self-limiting. The aspirates contained up to 220,000 white blood cells/mm3 and up to 10(7) CCU/mL. There was good correlation between the severity of inflammation and the numbers of organisms, but antibody was not detected in aspirates during the peak severity of disease. As the numbers of organisms, decreased, detectable levels of antibody increased, thus suggesting that antibody may have been bound to antigen. Chimpanzees previously infected with either the 1628 isolate of M. hominis or the 2010B isolate of U. urealyticum were protected on challenge with > 100 times the minimal dose causing arthritis. Chimpanzees showed little or no inflammation when inoculated intraarticularly with 5 x 10(8) CCU of the type strain PG-21 of M. hominis or with the type strain CO of U. urealyticum or when inoculated intravenously with 3 x 10(8) CCU of the arthrogenic 1620 isolate of M. hominis.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Mycoplasma gallisepticum hemagglutinin V1hA, pyruvate dehydrogenase PdhA, lactate dehydrogenase, and elongation factor Tu share epitopes with Mycoplasma imitans homologues.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a major pathogen of poultry. Mycoplasma imitans is genetically and antigenically closely related to M. gallisepticum, but so far, only a few proteins of M. imitans have been identified as sharing epitopes with M. gallisepticum. In this study, we identified three proteins of M. gallisepticum that share with M. imitans epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). MAb 9D4 reacted with the 67-kD hemagglutinin V1hA (previously termed pMGA) of M. gallisepticum and with its continuously expressed 40-kD protein. This MAb also reacted with a 40-kD protein of M. imitans, but not with its putative V1hA. Two-dimensional (2D) immunoblots of M. gallisepticum strains showed that their 40-kD proteins reacting with MAb 9D4 are expressed as major forms with isoelectric points (pI) around 6, and also as less-abundant forms differing in pI. In M. imitans, major forms of 40-kD proteins recognized by MAb 9D4 had pI around 6, whereas minor forms had pI between 5.5 and 5.8. The N-terminal sequence of the M. gallisepticum 40-kD protein recognized by MAb 9D4 strongly indicates that this protein is pyruvate dehydrogenase E1, subunit alpha (PdhA protein, also termed AcoA). The position of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), detected by the reference MAb GB8, was very similar in the 2D proteome maps of M. gallisepticum and M. imitans (MW of about 45 kD; pI - 5.6). In both M. gallisepticum and M. imitans, MAb 7G1 reacted with proteins of about 36 kD with similar charges (major forms with pI of about 8). The position of this protein in the proteome map of M. gallisepticum and its N-terminal sequence strongly suggest that MAb 7G1 recognizes lactate (malate) dehydrogenase (Ldh or Mdh). Comparison of 2D proteomes of 10 M. gallisepticum strains indicated that positions of EF-Tu, PdhA, and Ldh proteins are rather consistent and can be used as reference points in further analyses of the M. gallisepticum proteome.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

[Electrophoretic and immunologic comparative analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium proteins].

The Mycoplasma pneumoniae FH strain routinely used in our laboratory for over 25 years as antigen in serological tests, 2 reference M. pneumoniae strains from ATCC (29342 and M129) and 3 isolates of M. pneumoniae obtained in 1995 from pneumonia patients were compared by SDS-PAGE, complement fixation test (CFT) and by Western-immunoblotting against human and rabbit serum samples with high level of mycoplasmal antibodies. On SDS-PAGE all M. pneumoniae strains showed the same number of 23 polypeptides on the gel with identical molecular weights. The same strains on immunoblotting against human and rabbit serum samples showed six bands: 170, 89, 75, 55, 38 and 33 kDa with the strongest antibody staining in 170-(P1 protein) and 89-kDa bands. Because of its known antigenic relationships Mycoplasma genitalium was used for comparison. The pattern of M. genitalium proteins on SDS-PAGE was similar to pattern of M. pneumoniae but distinguishable. On immunoblotting six proteins of M. genitalium (135, 127, 110, 95, 75 and 45 kDa) reacted with human and rabbits immunoglobulins for M. pneumoniae antigens. Furthermore in complement fixation test both antigens, prepared from M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium, reacted as well with human and rabbit immunoglobulins for M. pneumoniae and with rabbit immunoglobulins for M. genitalium. These cross-reactions observed in serological techniques could give false positive results in routine diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections. In such situations showing on immunoblott of presence in tested serum sample of antibodies to 170- and 89 kDa proteins could confirm M. pneumoniae infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Origins of the mycoplasmas: sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasmas evolved from streptococci.

We report the establishment of a phylogenetic relationship between the sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasmas (Acholeplasma species) and streptococci. Three specific antisera prepared against purified Streptococcus faecalis fructose diphosphate aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Pediococcus cerevisiae glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were used for comparative enzyme immunological studies; the Ouchterlony double-diffusion technique and the quantitative microcomplement fixation procedure were employed. The reactions obtained provide evidence showing that all seven ACholeplasma species studied (A. laidlawii, A. granularum, A. modicum, A. oculi, A. axanthum. A. hippikon, and A. equifetale) are phylogenetically related to streptococci and that they evolved from streptococci. The data strongly suggest that the acholeplasmas comprise a distinct evolutionary group that has diverged from streptococci belonging to Lancefield group D or N. No reactions were observed between these enzyme antisera and cell extracts from six fermentative Mycoplasma species. These results support the view that mycoplasmas are derived from various bacteria.

Acholeplasma↗

PubMed1990

Analysis of caprine mycoplasmas and mycoplasma infections in goats using two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting.

Seven strains of mycoplasma have been characterized by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with immunoblotting. The two-dimensional patterns of the strains were compared and similarities and differences are discussed. Hyperimmune rabbit antisera were used in the immunoblotting experiment to study the immunological cross-reactivity between the species. Sera from goats, naturally and experimentally infected with mycoplasma, were also used in the immunoblotting experiment to study the immune responses of the infected animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Transformation of Mycoplasma capricolum and examination of DNA restriction modification in M. capricolum and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides.

Plasmids pIK delta and pIK delta-erm have recently been developed as mycoplasmal cloning vectors. In this report, we demonstrate that these plasmids can replicate in Mycoplasma capricolum, a mycoplasmal species for which transformation had not previously been characterized. Both plasmids are stably maintained at a higher copy number than in their parental species, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. We have also examined the possibility of one or more restriction-modification systems affecting transformation frequencies in both species.

Cloning, Molecular↗

PubMed1994

Isolation of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma arginini from the ears of pigs with otitis media.

Mycoplasmas were isolated from the middle ears and nasal cavities of clinically ill, young pigs that were slaughtered due to an unfavourable prognosis. The isolation rates of Mycoplasma hyorhinis were 27 of 43 (62.8 per cent) from the auditory tube, 22 of 43 (51.2 per cent) from the tympanic cavity, and 15 of 25 (60.0 per cent) from the nasal cavity. M arginini was also recovered at rates of 11 of 43 (25.6 per cent) from the auditory tube, 7 of 43 (16.3 per cent) from the tympanic cavity, and 9 of 25 (36.0 per cent) from the nasal cavity. Dual infections with M hyorhinis and M arginini occurred in these sites in some cases. M hyorhinis was isolated from 16 (80.0 per cent) of 20 pigs with otitis media diagnosed histologically, and from two (25.0 per cent) of eight pigs without this condition. The isolation rate was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the groups, suggesting either that the organism triggers development of the disease of the ear or that the agent(s) or factors responsible for otitis media in the pigs created favourable conditions at this site for colonisation by M hyorhinis.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Nucleotide sequence of the MgPa (mgp) operon of Mycoplasma genitalium and comparison to the P1 (mpp) operon of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

The attachment of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae to ciliated epithelium involves two surface proteins designated MgPa and P1, respectively. We have previously cloned and sequenced the P1 (mpp) operon of M. pneumoniae, and report here the use of P1-derived probes to clone and sequence a 10.4-kb region of M. genitalium DNA that, by analogy to the P1 operon, contains the MgPa (mgp) operon. The deduced amino acid sequences of the 29-kDa (ORF-1), MgPa (160-kDa) and 114-kDa (ORF-3) proteins of the MgPa operon show extensive homologies with those of the 28-kDa, P1 (170-kDa) and 130-kDa proteins, respectively, encoded by the P1 operon. The common features and homology of these operons are consistent with previous observations that the MgPa and P1 proteins share cross-reactive epitopes, as well as similar biological function. The gene order of the MgPa operon is ORF-1, MgPa, ORF-3, with intervening regions of 6 and 1 nt, respectively. A consensus ribosome-binding site (RBS) sequence is found before ORF-1 and a sequence indicative of a transcription terminator is located beyond ORF-3; the absence of such sequences adjacent to the MgPa gene suggests that the operon is transcribed as a polycistronic message. The RBS sequence is followed by sequences of dyad symmetry that have the potential to form two alternative stem-and-loop structures, which could be involved in controlling initiation of translation.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2006

Survival of Mycoplasma haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' in blood of cats used for transfusions.

Blood transfusions are commonly administered to cats; associated risks include the transmission of various infectious diseases including Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' (Mhm). Blood transfusions in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) solution are commonly administered immediately or stored for up to 1 month prior to administration. It is unknown whether Mhf or Mhm survive in this solution or temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine if Mhf or Mhm remain viable after storage in CPDA-1 for varying periods of time. The results provide evidence that transmission of hemoplasmas to naïve cats occurs after administration of infected feline blood that has been stored in CPDA-1 solution for 1h (Mhf) and 1 week (Mhm). These findings support the recommendation that cats used as blood donors be screened for Mhf and Mhm infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay prior to use.

Animals↗