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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

["General practice" educational goals: the role of anatomy, exemplified by the lymphatic system].

One of the most frequent criticisms of present-day medical studies is that they are unrelated to practical clinical needs. This criticism is levelled in particular at the preclinical stage. The present article is a contribution to finding a pragmatic solution to this problem. The design of the study is a survey of a representative sample of general practitioners who were asked to identify, from a complete list of structures included in the international anatomic nomenclature, those items that they regarded as indispensable in practice. Two main conclusions emerged from the survey: (1) there was a very high degree of concordance among the choices made by the physicians involved (including 92.3% of structures listed for the lymphatic system); (2) the quota of structures considered to be of practical clinical relevance was small (15.4%). These results suggest that it would be possible to teach a clinically relevant common trunk of knowledge to medical students. For this purpose, however, similar studies need to be undertaken for the other basic medical sciences. Furthermore, to ensure that medical education is really related to practical needs, clinicians will need to exert influence on the policy and content of teaching programmes in departments of basic medical science.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1990

AIDS, Kaposi sarcoma, and the lymphatic system: update and reflections.

Based on ongoing basic and clinical investigations, further evidence is presented that the AIDS-Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) complex involves a progressive disturbance of the blood-lymph circulatory loop of fluid, macromolecules, and migrating cells. We first surveyed the spectrum of vascular abnormalities including Kaposi sarcoma (KS) found in the AIDS/ARC population, then non-invasively imaged lymphatic system abnormalities in AIDS-KS by whole body lymphangioscintigraphy, and finally examined the biologic behavior of AIDS-KS cells in long-term tissue culture. These observations are viewed in terms of the lymphatic and blood vascular route of entry and transport of free and cell-associated virus and other opportunistic pathogens as well as poorly understood host endothelial-immune system interactions.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed2006

The olfactory route for cerebrospinal fluid drainage into the peripheral lymphatic system.

Drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid through the olfactory nerves into the nasal lymphatics has been suggested repeatedly. To investigate precisely the morphology of this pathway, India ink was injected into the subarachnoidal space of the rat brain, and samples including the olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts and the nasal mucosa were observed by light and electron microscopy. Under the dissecting microscope, ink particles were found within the subarachnoid space and along the olfactory nerves. At the nasal mucosa, a lymphatic network stained in black was identified near the olfactory nerves, which finally emptied into the superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes. Light microscopically, ink particles were found in the subarachnoid space, partially distributed around the olfactory nerves and within the lymphatic vessels. By electron microscopy, the subarachnoid space often formed a pocket-like space in the entrance of the fila olfactoria. The olfactory nerves were partially surrounded by ink particles within the space between perineurial cells and epineurial fibroblasts. At the nasal mucosa, the lymphatics were frequently located close to the nerves. These results indicate that the cerebrospinal fluid drains from the subarachnoid space along the olfactory nerves to the nasal lymphatics, which in turn, empties into the cervical lymph nodes. This anatomical communication, thus, allows the central nervous system to connect with the lymphatic system. The presence of this route may play an important role in the movement of antigens from the subarachnoidal space to the extracranial lymphatic vessels, resulting in inducement of an immune response of the central nervous system.

Animals↗