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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae serology and asthma in adults: a longitudinal analysis.

BACKGROUND: Many cross-sectional studies have found an association between Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection and asthma, and a possible causative role of C pneumoniae infection in asthma pathogenesis has been proposed. No longitudinal studies have been undertaken to estimate the effect on asthma incidence of previous or chronic infection. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether serological findings suggestive for recent or chronic C pneumoniae infection affect asthma risk or lung function during follow-up. METHODS: We followed a population-based adult cohort for 15 years and made a clinical evaluation of persons with new persistent asthma (n = 83) and matched controls (n = 162). Serological testing was performed by microimmunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassay from both baseline and follow-up samples. RESULTS: Subjects with serologically diagnosed recent or chronic C pneumoniae infection did not run a higher risk of new asthma. An increased risk was found in subjects with allergic rhinitis, low lung function, history of smoking, and positive family background of asthma or allergy. However, chronic C pneumoniae infection was found to accelerate the loss of lung function significantly in subjects who contracted new nonatopic asthma (median change in FEV(1), 89.6 vs 55.9 mL/y; P = .032). CONCLUSION: Chronic C pneumoniae infection promotes the development of airflow limitation in adults with nonatopic asthma. However, our results indicate that at the population level, any possible effect of C pneumoniae infection on asthma incidence is of minor significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Discrepancies between mothers' and fathers' perceptions of sons' and daughters' problem behaviour: a longitudinal analysis of parent-adolescent agreement on internalising and externalising problem behaviour.

One hundred and ninety-eight adolescents and their mothers (N = 189) and fathers (N = 136) participated in a 4-year longitudinal study. Adolescent problem behaviour was assessed by the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). In addition, parental stress and marital adjustment were determined. Results showed that mothers and fathers showed high agreement, especially about their daughters, whereas parents and adolescents showed little agreement. Agreement was higher for internalising than for externalising behaviours. In general, adolescents reported more symptomatology than their parents did. However, mothers' ratings of their children's behaviours were significantly correlated with adolescents' self-ratings, but fathers' ratings were not. Statistical tests of correlations showed that mothers experiencing stress caused by marital problems perceived more problem behaviours in their children. Fathers' perceptions were relatively unaffected by personal adjustment. However, poor marital adjustment perceived by both parents showed a significant negative relation to adolescent externalising problem behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Longitudinal analysis of adolescent growth of foot length and stature of children living in Ogi area of Japan: a 12 years data.

Adolescent growth of foot length (FL) and stature were investigated in a sample of 586 children living in the Ogi area of Saga Prefecture Japan, who were traced longitudinally from 6.5 to 17.5 years of age. FL growth and its relationship to height were analyzed using the JPA2 model and the Optimal Kernel Method to fit the serial data of stature and FL. The results demonstrated that there was clear peak growth velocity (PGV) during the adolescent growth period of FL for most of the children; before 11.5 years of age there was no essential difference in mean foot length between girls and boys; the completion of FL growth was on average two years earlier than that of stature and two and a half years after the appearance of the peak height velocity (PHV); girls completed the FL growth two years earlier than boys; the longer the growth period for FL or the larger the value of FL at an early age the bigger the adult foot length; the foot grew in synchrony with the body as a whole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Longitudinal analysis of radiographic trabecular pattern by image processing.

To describe structural and textural changes in bone structure, the radiographic trabecular pattern of children, aged 4-14 years, was examined using a digital image processing system. This investigation is based on data from the Nijmegen Growth Study, a mixed-longitudinal growth study comprised of three birth cohorts, which were observed for five years. Of 3075 left hand-forearm radiographs of 426 children, a standard area of 10 x 10 mm of the radius was digitized and the trabecular pattern was described by ten image features. It is demonstrated that all image features show significant changes during the observation period (multivariate analysis of variance of p < 0.01). The age of the children correlates significantly with the image features (Spearman's Rho = 0.4; p < 0.05). Because of cohort effects, the three cohorts were studied separately. Highest correlations between age and trabecular pattern were shown in the cohort of the youngest children. The changes of the image features during the observation period seems to indicate that the fine trabecular pattern of young children changes into a coarser adult pattern. It is concluded that digital quantification of the radiographic trabecular pattern is appropriate to describe changes in trabecular bone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A longitudinal analysis of adolescent smoking and its correlates.

When designing effective programs, it is important to identify factors associated with tobacco use at particular stages of adolescence, as well as factors associated with changes in tobacco use. This study examined cross-sectional correlates of smoking during early adolescence and during late adolescence in a longitudinal sample to compare the pattern of prediction of smoking at both stages. Changes in predictor variables related to changes in smoking also were examined. Results showed intentions to smoke was the strongest predictor of smoking during both early adolescence and during late adolescence; however, it was a much stronger predictor for the late adolescent stage. In addition, intentions to smoke was the strongest predictor of changes in smoking. However, the pattern of prediction at the two grade levels showed some differences as did predictors of changes in smoking. Implications for designing smoking prevention and cessation programs are addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The effectiveness and toxicity of cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis: longitudinal analysis of a population-based registry.

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with response or toxicity to cyclosporin A (CSA) in a population-based inception cohort with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Prospectively collected longitudinal measures including tender joint count (JC), duration of morning stiffness (MS), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and serum creatinine (SCr) were modeled using generalized estimating equations. Survival methods were used to estimate CSA continuation time and its determinants. RESULTS: Of 133 patients (75% female, median RA duration 13 years), 37 discontinued CSA because of ineffectiveness (19) or because of toxicity (18) including increased SCr in 10, hypertension in 4, infections in 3, and gingival hyperplasia in 1. Patients remained on CSA a median of 75 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 38-112). Those receiving concomitant methotrexate (MTX) were more than 4 times as likely to continue on CSA therapy (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.94). A lower final JC was predicted by a longer CSA treatment duration (relative risk [RR] 0.99 per month, 95% CI 0.98-0.99) and concomitant MTX therapy (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63-0.99); decreased MS was predicted only by longer CSA treatment duration (reduction of 2.0 minutes per month, 95% CI 1.1-3.0). Each previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) exposure predicted a rise in SCr (35 micromole/liter, 95% CI 22-48), SBP (7.2 mm Hg, 95% CI 2.7-11.7), and DBP (3.8 mm Hg, 95% CI 3.0-6.4). CONCLUSIONS: Combination CSA/MTX prolongs therapy and reduces JC. Long-term CSA treatment was fairly well tolerated. Previous DMARD use appears to be a determinant for the development of toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Parental influences on young people's sexual behaviour: a longitudinal analysis.

Both family structure and processes have been associated with young people's sexual behaviour, but most studies are cross-sectional and focus on only one outcome: age at first intercourse. This paper uses longitudinal data from a survey of Scottish teenagers (N=5041) to show how low parental monitoring predicts early sexual activity for both sexes (with some reverse causation), and for females it also predicts more sexual partners and less condom use. A lot of spending money also predicts early sexual activity and, for males, having more sexual partners. Comfort talking with parents about sex, however, seems to bear little relationship to sexual behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Alcohol consumption and insulin resistance syndrome parameters: associations and evolutions in a longitudinal analysis of the French DESIR cohort.

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of average alcohol consumption and changes in alcohol intake on the insulin resistance syndrome parameters in a 3-year follow-up study. METHODS: Longitudinal study of 1856 and 1529 alcohol drinking men and women in the French DESIR study (Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance syndrome), aged 30 to 64 years. RESULTS: In men, fasting glucose, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol were positively associated with average alcohol consumption while there was no association with insulin or triglycerides concentrations. A change in alcohol intake was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol concentration and systolic blood pressure at follow-up. These effects of alcohol could not be attributed specifically to the intake of wine. In women, while the alcohol HDL-cholesterol relation was similar to that found in the men, the only significant effect of average alcohol intake was an increase in systolic blood pressure, with a spurious decrease in blood pressure related to a 3-year increase in alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol only provided a beneficial effect on HDL-cholesterol. The beneficial effect seen by other authors of moderate alcohol drinking on diabetes and cardiovascular risk may be due to effects on parameters other than those included in the current definitions of the insulin resistance syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic variance in the pattern of the growth curve for height: a longitudinal analysis of male twins.

Genetic aspects of the pattern of growth and of short-term variations in growth velocity for height were studied in a sample of 44 MZ and 42 DZ twin pairs from the Wroclaw Longitudinal Twin Study. The data consists of serial measurements of height, taken between 8.5 years of age and adulthood. The intra-pair resemblance of the pattern of attained height was quantified by means of the average Euclidean distance coefficient and the coefficient of shape difference, calculated on the raw height-for-age data. Comparison of these resemblance coefficients between the two types of twins indicated that the growth curves of MZ twins are closer to each other, and more similar in shape, than those of DZ twins. The shape of the growth curve was further characterized by a set of biological parameters, derived from Preece Baines model I (PB) fitted to each subject's serial growth data. Genetic analysis of these parameters, according to the model of Christian, Won Kang and Norton (1974), revealed a strong genetic component in the variance of size at particular milestones in the growth process (height at take-off, at peak velocity and at adulthood), and also in the timing of the growth process (age at take-off and at peak velocity). Height velocity at take-off and peak height velocity were also strongly genetically determined. Finally, short-term variations in growth velocity were analysed on the basis of the profiles of the residuals, obtained by the PB fits to each subject's serial measurements of height. Resemblance coefficients were calculated for the profiles of residuals. The results revealed a significantly greater similarity of profile shapes of the residuals in MZ twins than in DZ twins, strongly suggesting that there is a genetic component in the short-term variations of growth velocity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Longitudinal analysis of the association between vasomotor symptoms and race/ethnicity across the menopausal transition: study of women's health across the nation.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether vasomotor symptom reporting or patterns of change in symptom reporting over the perimenopausal transition among women enrolled in a national study differed according to race/ethnicity. We also sought to determine whether racial/ethnic differences were explained by sociodemographic, health, or lifestyle factors. METHODS: We followed 3198 women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation during 1996 through 2002. We analyzed frequency of vasomotor symptom reporting using longitudinal multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS: Rates of vasomotor symptom reporting were highest among African Americans (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.21, 2.20). The transition to late perimenopause exhibited the strongest association with vasomotor symptoms (adjusted OR = 6.64; 95% CI = 4.80, 9.20). Other risk factors were age (adjusted OR=1.17; 95% CI=1.13, 1.21), having less than a college education (adjusted OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.40, 2.61), increasing body mass index (adjusted OR=1.03 per unit of increase; 95% CI=1.01, 1.04), smoking (adjusted OR=1.63; 95% CI=1.25, 2.12), and anxiety symptoms at baseline (adjusted OR=3.10; 95% CI=2.33, 4.12). CONCLUSIONS: Among the risk factors assessed, vasomotor symptoms were most strongly associated with menopausal status. After adjustment for covariates, symptoms were reported most often in all racial/ethnic groups in late perimenopause and nearly as often in postmenopause.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mortality, CD4 cell count decline, and depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive women: longitudinal analysis from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study.

CONTEXT: The impact of depression on morbidity and mortality among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been examined despite the fact that women with HIV have substantially higher rates of depression than their male counterparts. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of depressive symptoms with HIV-related mortality and decline in CD4 lymphocyte counts among women with HIV. DESIGN: The HIV Epidemiologic Research Study, a prospective, longitudinal cohort study conducted from April 1993 through January 1995, with follow-up through March 2000. SETTING: Four academic medical centers in Baltimore, Md; Bronx, NY; Providence, RI; and Detroit, Mich. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 765 HIV-seropositive women aged 16 to 55 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HIV-related mortality and CD4 cell count slope decline over a maximum of 7 years, compared among women with limited or no depressive symptoms, intermittent depressive symptoms, or chronic depressive symptoms, as measured using the self-report Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses controlling for clinical, treatment, and other factors, women with chronic depressive symptoms were 2 times more likely to die than women with limited or no depressive symptoms (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-3.8). Among women with CD4 cell counts of less than 200 x 10(6)/L, HIV-related mortality rates were 54% for those with chronic depressive symptoms (RR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.6-11.6) and 48% for those with intermittent depressive symptoms (RR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-10.5) compared with 21% for those with limited or no depressive symptoms. Chronic depressive symptoms were also associated with significantly greater decline in CD4 cell counts after controlling for other variables in the model, especially among women with baseline CD4 cell counts of less than 500 x 10(6)/L and baseline viral load greater than 10 000 copies/microL. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that depressive symptoms among women with HIV are associated with HIV disease progression, controlling for clinical, substance use, and sociodemographic characteristics. These results highlight the importance of adequate diagnosis and treatment of depression among women with HIV. Further research is needed to determine if treatment of depression can not only enhance the mental health of women with HIV but also impede disease progression and mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Longitudinal analysis of olfactory deficits in HIV infection.

The presence and degree of odor identification deficits in 55 HIV-infected (30 asymptomatic, 25 symptomatic) and 29 HIV-negative at-risk control volunteers were examined longitudinally using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Factors other than HIV infection that could account for olfactory loss (i.e., sinusitis or upper respiratory infection) were also considered by obtaining MRI scans of the nasal passages and information from an olfaction questionnaire. No differences were found among groups at the first administration of the UPSIT, with significant differences among groups emerging at the 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. The symptomatic group showed a significant decline in odor identification scores across time, while means for the asymptomatic and control groups remained stable. The presence of sinusitis or an upper respiratory infection appeared to have no effect on odor identification. The implications for these findings in relationship to cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

In vivo longitudinal analysis of a dominant TCR repertoire selected in human response to influenza virus.

Recent studies have demonstrated biased usage of TCR V beta 17 and a high degree of diversity in J beta usage within the influenza virus matrix epitope (M.58-66)-specific CTL response. In contrast, in the course of a study on the cellular response to influenza A virus, we found preferential usage of V beta 17-J beta 2.2 rearrangement in an individual with an unexpectedly high number of CTL precursors (CTLp). We took advantage of such situation to study the longitudinal repertoire of the CD8+ T cell precursors. By limiting dilution analysis combined with the use of a clonotypic primer corresponding to the CDR3 region of this matrix-specific TCR V beta chain, the influenza-specific CTLp were shown to be stable for a period of 6 years. Overall, our results show that virus-specific CTLp can be directly monitored in vivo by molecular fingerprinting without in vitro restimulation. These findings might be extremely important for evaluation of the specific immune response to a given human pathogen.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Does a failed quit attempt reduce cigarette consumption following resumption of smoking? The effects of time and quit attempts on the longitudinal analysis of self-reported cigarette smoking intensity.

California Tobacco Survey respondents were asked the intensity of their cigarette smoking 1 year previously and at the time of the survey. Respondents reported a generally lower smoking intensity at survey time compared with 1 year previously. Multivariable statistical models on the change in smoking intensity in the past year were fitted to assess the effects of low-tar cigarette use, a quit attempt in the past year, smoking intensity 1 year previously, and demographic variables (age, education, income, and race). The most important predictor of change in intensity was the intensity 1 year previously. The next most important predictor was whether a quit attempt had been made in the previous year. The demographic variables also were found to have a significant effect, although their effects were of smaller magnitude. Low-tar cigarette use was not a significant predictor of change in intensity in multivariable analysis. The effect of a quit attempt on the reduction in intensity of smoking suggests that periods of cessation may reduce the intensity of smoking and the level of addiction for several months following relapse. Consequently, it may be important to control for cessation activity in studies comparing exposures from conventional tobacco products to exposures from new products that purport to offer lower harm.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1994

Longitudinal analysis of adolescent growth in height, fatness, and fat patterning in rural South African black children.

Adolescent growth in height, fatness, and fat patterning was investigated in a sample of 79 rural South African black children studied longitudinally from 6-18 years. Data were analyzed relative to peak height velocity (PHV) to identify the phenomenon of "compensatory" growth in height during adolescence and to describe changes in fatness and fat patterning. Compensatory growth following PHV was clearly observed relative to NHANES data for African-Americans in that Z-scores for height at the start of the adolescent growth spurt were greater than those at the end of the spurt. Statistically significant differences in fatness and centralization between males and females did not occur until about 2 years after PHV was attained. Centralization of fat occurred in both sexes but more so in males. The lack of centralization in females was due to relatively greater triceps skinfold velocities. The rapid gain in post-PHV fatness in females may represent a physiological adaptation to an energetically sub-optimal environment, buffering the energetic costs of reproduction.

Adipose Tissue↗