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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Characterising life-span variability in a population using the life-table-based Lorenz-curve analysis.

BACKGROUND: 'Life expectancy' (LE) is a health-status indicator in widespread use. However, LE is an index of central location, but not of dispersion. It cannot describe inter-individual variation in the life-span. This author proposes using the Gini coefficient, a summary index of the Lorenz curve, for characterising life-span variability. Like the LE, the proposed index is also based on a lifetable. METHOD: The method is a nonparametric approach that does not make specific assumptions about mortality rates. RESULTS: The author uses vital statistics from Taiwan as a demonstration and finds that the method provides information crucial to the understanding of the epidemiologic transitions of the past 20 years (Gini decreases from 0.1320 to 0.1130). It also quantifies the impacts of elimination of some selected causes of death in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that Gini be routinely compiled in official vital statistics, along with the LE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Combined posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy--a life-table analysis of postoperative clinical course].

Postoperative courses of 68 eyes of 58 glaucoma patients who underwent posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy were studied retrospectively. The visual acuity was 0.5 or better in 66% of the eyes at 3 months postoperatively. The average intraocular pressure (IOP) was below 15 mmHg till 16 months postoperatively. An analysis of the postoperative course using the life-table method of Kaplan-Meier revealed that the probability of successful IOP control with medication was 83% at 18 months and 47% without medication. The subjects aged 75 years or older showed significantly higher success probability than those younger than 75 years, while types of glaucoma, the preoperative IOP control, location of conjunctival or sclerocorneal incision, postoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections or surgical intervention on the iris had no significant effects on the probability of successful IOP control. The probability of subsistence of functional filtering bleb was 24% at 18-month follow-up, on which postoperative administration of 5-FU of 35 mg or more had a favorable effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Intrauterine insemination: evaluation of the results according to the woman's age, sperm quality, total sperm count per insemination and life table analysis.

We report on 332 infertile couples who underwent 1115 cycles of intrauterine insemination (IUI) with washed husband's semen. The indication for IUI was an abnormal post-coital test due to either a male or cervical infertility factor. The mean number of IUI cycles per patients was 3.4, the overall pregnancy rate 18.7%, and the pregnancy rate per cycle 5.6%. The cumulative pregnancy rate calculated by life table analysis showed that 16.0% of pregnancies occurred in the first three treatment cycles, while the cumulative pregnancy rate was 26.9% by the sixth cycle. The outcome of the therapy was adversely affected if the woman's age was > 39 years and/or total motile sperm count per insemination was < 1 x 10(6). No pregnancy occurred in women older than 44 years or in cases with a total motile sperm count before semen preparation of < 1 x 10(6).

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Reproductive performance of the mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) on citrus and coffee, using life table parameters.

The flat-mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is considered important in citrus (Citrus spp.) and coffee plants (Coffea spp.) in Brazil, and is known as the leprosis and coffee ring spot mite, as being a vector of the Citrus Leprosis Rhabdovirus - CitLV and Coffee Ring Spot Virus - CoRSV. The objective of this work is to find out about the reproductive success of B. phoenicis on citric fruits and coffee leaves by fertility life table parameters and its biology. The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions at 25 +/- 2 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% of relative humidity and 14 h of photophase. The lengths of embryonic and post-embryonic periods were different due to the host where the mite was reared. B. phoenicis showed better development and higher survival and fecundity in citric fruits than coffee leaves. The intrinsic rate of the population increase (r(m)) was 0.128 and 0.090 - females/female/day on citric fruits and coffee leaves, respectively. The citric fruits were more appropriate for the development of B. phoenicis than coffee leaves.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Life table analysis of intrauterine insemination pregnancy rates.

One hundred twenty-eight couples undergoing intrauterine inseminations were retrospectively reviewed. Life table methodology was used to analyze cumulative pregnancy rates and monthly fecundability. Respective 6- and 12-month cumulative pregnancy rates for each diagnostic group receiving intrauterine insemination were: cervical factor, 28.6% and 42.8%; male factor, 16.7% and 16.7%; female immune factor, 66.7% and 100.0%; male immune factor, 37.5% and 68.8%; and empiric treatment, 60.0% and 60.0%. There was no difference in pregnancy rates between sperm processed with a swim-up in Ham's F-10 or a two-gradient Percoll system. Abnormal sperm penetration assay results in patients with male factor did significantly (p = 0.05) lower the pregnancy rate. It is concluded that if no pregnancy has occurred after six cycles of inseminations, further workup or other treatment may be initiated, but additional pregnancies can be achieved from the seventh through the twelfth cycles of intrauterine insemination.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1997

Age patterns of the life table aging rate for major causes of death in Japan, 1951-1990.

It has been widely supposed that human mortality from all causes increases with age nearly exponentially (at a constant rate) through adult ages except for very old ages, and that this exponential increase also holds fairly well for most major causes of death (CODs). However, the present analysis of death registration data for Japan, 1951-1990, reveals that the rate of age-related relative increase in mortality (the life table aging rate) changes with age significantly and systematically for many CODs. Above age 75, the mortality increase decelerates for most CODs; under age 75, it remains at a relatively stable pace for ischemic heart disease, decelerates for most major cancers, and accelerates for diseases related to a declining ability to maintain homeostasis (pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, gastroenteritis, and heart failure). These results seem to suggest that significantly different types of senescent processes may underlie atherogenesis, oncogenesis, and immunosenescence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Life table analysis of the risk of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in siblings according to islet cell antibodies and HLA markers. An 8-year prospective study.

To determine whether genetic markers can improve the predictive value of islet cell antibodies for development of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, 536 siblings aged 2-29 years were consecutively enrolled in a 8-year prospective survey. The risk of developing diabetes was estimated, using life-table methods, by years of follow-up and age, according to genetic factors (shared HLA-haplotypes, DR antigens, C4 allotypes) and islet cell antibody status. Fifteen siblings (2.8%) developed Type 1 diabetes during the study period (risk 4.4% after 8 years, 4% by age 22 years). DR3,4 heterozygosity identified higher risk (16% after 8 years, 12% by age 22 years, p less than 10(-5)) than HLA-identity (10% and 7%, respectively, p less than 0.01); risks for DR3 or DR4 positive and for haplo-identical siblings were low (4%, 3% and 4.4%, respectively, NS). C4BQO also conferred significant risk (11% vs 3% in non-C4BQO siblings, p less than 0.01). The predictive value of genetic markers alone was poor (12% for DR3,4, 7% for HLA-identity, 9% for C4BQO) compared with that of islet cell antibody levels greater than 4 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units (41%, risk 56% after 8 years, p less than 10(-7)). HLA markers significantly contributed to risk prediction in combination with islet cell antibodies: islet cell antibody-positive DR3,4+ subjects had the highest risk (70% after 8 years, predictive value 58%, p less than 10(-7)) compared with islet cell antibody-positive DR3,4- (37% and 20%, respectively) and islet cell antibody-negative DR3,4+ (5% and 3.6%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Variation in life table characteristics among populations of Phlebotomus papatasi at different altitudes.

Baseline biological growth data were obtained under laboratory conditions for four local populations of the phlebotomine sand fly R papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae) in different eco-regions at altitudes between 368 and 1117 m in the Sanliurfa province of Turkey. The developmental time from egg to adult was found to be significantly different among the populations: 36 days for the AKL population (368 m), 43 days for the HHR population (488 m), 45 days for the HMD population (644 m), and 49 days for the ALT population (1117 m), respectively. Based on cohorts of adults in each population, horizontal life tables were constructed. The average longevity was determined to be in the range of 8.75 +/- 2.39 to 11.60 +/- 3.48 days for adult females, and it was found to be slightly longer for adult males. No significant difference was found in life expectancy at emergence, e(x) when x=1, between females and males in general (P>0.05) in all the populations. While significant differences could be demonstrated among populations for predictive parameters such as net reproductive rate, Ro, and generation time, Tc, no significant differences among the populations were found in terms of intrinsic rate of increase, r(m), finite rate of increase, lambda, birth (b) and death (d) rates (P>0.05). Populations that produced offspring earlier in life also produced more total female offspring, since Tc was negatively correlated with Ro among the populations (r = -0.686, 0.01<P<0.05). Twenty-seven parameters in all life stages, both pre-adult and adult features of R papatasi, were used as physiological variables and these operational taxonomic units were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis. Analyses confirmed results from the previous morphometric and molecular studies that the Alitas population orientated and clustered as a distinct group along the first two PCs.

Altitude↗
PubMed2002

A long-term follow-up study of non-submerged ITI implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Part I: Ten-year life table analysis of a prospective multicenter study with 1286 implants.

In this prospective multicenter study, non-submerged ITI implants were followed in order to evaluate their long-term prognosis in fully edentulous jaws. A total of 1286 implants were inserted in 233 consecutive patients and, after a healing period of three to six months, the successfully integrated implants were restored with 163 overdentures and 95 fixed full-arch bridges. This prospective study not only calculated the 10-year cumulative survival and success rates for the 1286 implants by life table analysis, but also evaluated the actual survival and success rates for 498 implants after at least five years of functional loading. In addition, cumulative success rates were calculated for implant subgroups according to implant length and location. Additional analyses were performed to evaluate the estimated and actual survival and success rates of the implants in relation to various prosthetic rehabilitation techniques. The 10-year cumulative survival and success rates were 95.9% and 92.7%, respectively. The actual 5-year survival and success rates of the first 498 implants that were inserted were 97.7% and 95.0%, respectively. The analysis of implant subgroups showed slightly more favourable cumulative success rates for 12 mm long implants (93%), in comparison to 10 mm and 8 mm long implants (91.6% and 89.6%, respectively). The cumulative success rate for mandibular implants (approximately 94%) was also more favourable than that for maxillary implants (approximately 91%). Patients who were loaded with both maxillary and mandibular prostheses maintained success rates well above 90%; while only implants that were inserted to support maxillary overdentures that were retained by Dolder bars showed a success rate below 90%.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reassessment of treatment results in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, with emphasis on life-table analysis.

Treatment of idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis remains an unsettled issue. The results of five randomized clinical trials have not provided convincing evidence for the effectiveness of any treatment. Follow-up periods in these trials were relatively short-term, ranging from 1 to 4 years. In three recently published long-term clinical studies of patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 10-year cumulative survival free of renal failure improved by 20% to 35% over that described in studies published 5 to 10 years earlier. In each study, survival was estimated using life-table analysis. The survival curve in the treated group was then compared with that of a historical control group using the date of clinical onset as time zero. The survival curve in the treatment group was spuriously shifted to the right. By definition, those in the treatment groups had to survive from clinical onset to initiation of treatment, but the historical control group did not have such a constraint. The problem in this comparison is that treatments were not started in a large number of patients for years after clinical onset, resulting in a biased comparison in favor of the treatment groups. (Also, the conclusions drawn from the survival data were that the improvement related directly to various treatments that were used.) Survival was similarly improved in patients treated with dipyridamole and aspirin when survival was plotted against time after clinical onset. However, when the data were replotted and the platelet-inhibitor-treated group was compared with a contemporary randomized control group, no difference in either patient survival or survival free of renal disease was demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2001

IVF births and pregnancies: an exploration of two methods of assessment using life-table analysis.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to explore two methods of expressing the performance of IVF programs. METHODS: Using life-table methods, hazard and cure rates and a "monthly fecundability rate" were calculated for an Ontario IVF clinic. The rates were evaluated for their meaningfulness as indicators of the clinic's performance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: While the hazard rate describes monthly fertility among those who will eventually become pregnant, the fecundability rate describes fertility for all patients who enter the program, making it the more appropriate index for program comparisons. However, from a prospective patient's perspective, both methods are valid indices for summarizing a program's performance.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1998

Does transcervical resection of the endometrium for menorrhagia really avoid hysterectomy? Life table analysis of a large series.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term success and complication rates of transcervical resection of endometrium (TCRE) for menorrhagia. DESIGN: Retrospective audit of a continuous case series with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 5 years' follow-up (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: District general hospital and tertiary referral center for gynecologic endoscopy. PATIENTS: Three hundred eighty consecutive women with menorrhagia. INTERVENTION: TCRE performed as a day case or with overnight stay between August 1988 and December 1992. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Complications occurred in 6.8% of patients, with a perforation rate of 3.2%. Life table analysis showed a cumulative hysterectomy rate of 12.4% at 1 year, reaching a plateau of 27.4% after 4 years. The rate at 5 years was higher for women under age 45 years (35%) than for those 45 and over (14.9%, p <0.01, Mantel's test x(2)). Women whose operation was performed by a senior surgeon had a lower cumulative hysterectomy rate (12.6%) than those whose surgery was performed at least in part by trainees (38%, p <0.01, Mantel's text x(2)). There was no significant difference in cumulative hysterectomy rates between women who had uterine fibroids and those who did not. Ninety-six percent of hysterectomies were performed in the first 3 years after initial TCRE. CONCLUSION: Although TCRE for menorrhagia did not avoid hysterectomy in all women, for those considering hysterectomy, it was a conservative procedure with low morbidity and high chance of avoiding the need for major surgery, especially when performed in women over age 45, by an experienced surgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Life table analysis of pregnancy rates in a general infertility population relative to ovarian reserve and patient age.

This study evaluated the impact of age and ovarian reserve status on cumulative pregnancy rates. Approximately 1200 women from a general infertile population underwent ovarian reserve screening with the clomiphene citrate challenge test in the first few months of their initial evaluation. All patients then underwent a thorough infertility evaluation with therapy appropriate for their specific diagnoses. Patients with evidence of tubal disease, peritoneal adhesive disease, or male factor were eliminated. The 588 remaining patients were evaluated based on their age and ovarian reserve status, and their long-term pregnancy rates were compared using life table analyses. There was a dramatic decrease in pregnancy rates associated with an abnormal clomiphene citrate challenge test which was uniformly poor independent of age. Patients with normal ovarian reserve had much higher pregnancy rates, but a significant age-related decline in pregnancy rates was clearly identified. We conclude that women with evidence of diminished ovarian reserve have uniformly poor pregnancy rates independent of their age, but that age remains an important prognostic factor among those with a normal ovarian reserve. The combined use of maternal age and ovarian reserve screening should be used when counselling individual patients regarding their long-term prognoses for conception.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Danish randomized trial comparing breast conservation therapy with mastectomy: six years of life-table analysis. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) conducted a randomized trial comparing breast conservation with mastectomy in patients with invasive mammary carcinoma. From January 1983 to March 1989, the trial accrued a total of 1153 women. Of this number, 905 patients (79%) were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment options, whereas 248 patients (21%) did not accept randomization. Of the randomly assigned patients, 90% received the surgical option to which they had been originally assigned. In the breast conservation arm the tumor was excised with the intention of obtaining free margins determined at gross examination, and radiotherapy was subsequently administered to residual breast tissue. The axilla was dissected in all instances. Patient and tumor characteristics were similar in the two randomization arms. The median follow-up time was 40 months. At 6 years of life-table analysis the probability of recurrence-free survival was 70% in the breast conservation arm against 66% in the mastectomy arm. Survival figures were 79% against 82%, respectively.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy of isotopic 13CO2 laser laparoscopic evaporation in the treatment of infertile patients with minimal and mild endometriosis: a life table cumulative pregnancy rates study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of 13CO2 laser laparoscopy in treating infertile women with minimal to mild endometriosis according the American Fertility Society classification in terms of pregnancy rates. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Medical school-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred seventy-six women whose infertility was associated with minimal or mild endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were treated with one of four methods: 49 underwent operative laparoscopy with newly developed 13CO2 laser vaporization and/or resection; 45 were treated by operative laparoscopy with simple monopolar electrocoagulation; 43 who had undergone only diagnostic laparoscopy did not receive any treatment; and 39 received danazol 800 mg/day for 3 months after diagnostic laparoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Estimated cumulative pregnancy rates using life table analyses were indicators of treatment of success and compared among the treatments. A subgroup of 111 patients considered to have endometriosis as the only major infertility factor were also evaluated and compared among treatment options. Pregnancy rates in the CO2 laser laparoscopy group were significantly higher than in the other three groups and in endometriosis-only subset. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced laparoscopic surgery with the CO2 laser can be more efficient than other modalities in treating infertile women with minimal to mild endometriosis in terms of pregnancy rates. It appears that in experienced hands, laser laparoscopy has more favorable results than the other treatments.

Adult↗