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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Left bundle branch block and private pilot licensing.

Three otherwise healthy private pilots were licensed with the restriction to fly "as or with safety pilot" because of a left bundle branch block (LBBB). Whether a pilot with this conduction disturbance is allowed to fly unrestricted depends on invasive diagnostic procedures. Above age 40, cardiovascular risk in subjects with LBBB becomes high enough that a flying license should be withheld. A protocol for licensing in LBBB cases under age 40 is given, relying on non-invasive diagnostic procedures, taking into account intermittent occurrence, electrical axis, and duration of QRS complex.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2001

Boosting your product pipeline through innovative licensing. Pinpointing and managing successful alliances to remain competitive.

With the recent outbreak of large mergers and acquisitions and the looming pipeline crisis among large pharmaceutical companies, this meeting aimed to bring together senior officers from the business development and licensing sectors of top biotech and pharma companies, to discuss all aspects of licensing with a focus on remaining competitive. Along with in-depth analyses and theories delivered by representatives from investment banks, consultancy firms and academia, the conference presented delegates with interesting viewpoints and practical advice on partnering strategies, and issues surrounding licensing.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Large-scale use of an objective, structured clinical examination for licensing family physicians.

Since 1988 in Quebec the completion of a residency training program in family medicine or a specialty and of a comprehensive examination has been necessary to obtain a licence. An objective, structured clinical examination (OSCE) was designed by the Corporation professionnelle des médecins du Québec and Quebec's four medical schools to evaluate the clinical competence of newly trained family physicians. The certification examination of the College of Family Physicians of Canada was added to the OSCE. More than 500 candidates have been assessed: 262 in the spring of 1990, 42 in the fall of 1990 and 235 in the spring of 1991. The spring session occurs in four centres, three offering it in French and one in English, and the fall session takes place in one bilingual centre. In each centre 25 standardized patients and 25 examiners are required on each day of the 2-day OSCE. The scores obtained by the candidates who completed the OSCE in the first three sessions showed a normal distribution. No more than 5% failed the OSCE, the pass level having been set at two standard deviations below the mean. Equivalence was shown among the OSCE tracks, and reliability coefficients of 0.644, 0.723 and 0.736 were obtained for the three sessions respectively. The overall success rate for the licensing examination was 92%. The integration of such a large-scale OSCE into a licensing examination and the results obtained show that assessment of clinical competence for licensing purposes is feasible. The Quebec experience may help other organizations that are developing OSCEs for summative purposes.

Certification↗
PubMed2005

Expression of the licensing factors, Cdt1 and Geminin, in human colon cancer.

Licensing of chromatin for replication is an evolu-tionarily conserved step in the control of cell division and genomic integrity. Proteins that participate in licensing have been recently documented to denote the proliferative state of cells and they have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic markers in human cancer. Cdt1 was recently discovered as an important licensing factor, that is inhibited by Geminin. In the present study we analyzed Cdt1 and Geminin expression in human colon cancer. We showed that Cdt1 protein is highly expressed in human neoplastic lesions of the colon while its cell-cycle phase-specific expression profile appears preserved during human carcinogenesis. Similarly, Geminin, Cdt1's inhibitor, is also overexpressed in colon carcinomas and its expression correlates with significant clinicopathological parameters of the disease. Moreover, both Cdt1 and Geminin expression are severely downregulated upon differentiation of Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial differentiation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Diabetes and the license to drive.

People with diabetes are subject to restrictive licensing policies that bar them from driving certain types of motor vehicles. Discriminatory rules regarding the license to drive are based mainly on concerns that treatment with blood glucose-lowering agents, especially insulin--may induce episodes of altered consciousness due to hypoglycemia. The risk of hypoglycemia, however, differs greatly among insulin-requiring diabetics and it is not difficult to identify those few who present a substantial risk. Moreover, the advent of simple, portable devices for blood glucose self-monitoring allows diabetics to know when blood glucose levels are becoming low and to take prompt corrective action. Thus, it would seem that blanket rules prohibiting diabetics from driving certain types of vehicles are unfair and unwarranted. In view of these considerations, rules are being revised by some licensing agencies to eliminate blanket restrictions and to allow for case-by-case evaluations to determine medical qualifications of people with diabetes. Tight control of diabetes currently is being advocated widely as a means of preventing chronic complications, but it carries an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Physicians who institute tight control regimens must ensure that patients understand the potential risk of hypoglycemia and are capable of minimizing the risk. Physicians should report patients to the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) who, in their judgement, are unable to drive safely because of concerns about hypoglycemia. Wisconsin state law protects physicians who make such reports from liability.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1986

Audiovisual licensing: purchasing is not owning.

Discusses the use of licensing agreements for health sciences audiovisuals. The difference between productions covered by the copyright law vis-a-vis those with licensing agreements is explored and representative examples of agreements are provided. Health sciences producers have turned to licensing agreements for several reasons including the protection of their productions from illegal duplication. Whereas these agreements may protect producers, they also may unintentionally bar legitimate users from viewing programs and may also create additional work for LRCs and libraries.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1995

[The current status in obtaining a license for the practice of dentistry in the European Union and the United States of America].

Present regulations on the issuance of dental licenses are very different between the United States of America and the European Community. Two different mechanisms attempt to arrive at the fairest possible solution: licenses controlled by either national and/or local examinations in the United States, and licensing by credentials in the European Community. Both are compared and discussed.

Credentialing↗
PubMed1995

Physicians newly licensed in RI during 1993.

The physicians newly licensed in 1993 are a well-trained cohort, typically board-certified, and in their mid-thirties. Only a minority (about 9%) were born in Rhode Island although a substantial plurality had been educated at Brown and its teaching hospitals. About one-third of these 259 physicians had never previously held medical licenses. Hence, the Rhode Island license represents their credentialled entrance into the independent practice of medicine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a comprehensive examination to evaluate licensed practical nurses' cognitive knowledge of intravenous therapy administration.

In this article, the authors describe the systematic and collaborative processes used by a group of nursing educators to develop a comprehensive exam to evaluate licensed practical nurses' cognitive knowledge of intravenous therapy practice. The examination was written to meet the new requirements mandated by the State of Florida Board of Nursing related to the expanded role of the licensed practical nurse. After statistical analysis and test revision, the examination would eventually be a challenge examination for those licensed practical nurses who had acquired this knowledge previously.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1993

[Results of medical licensing examinations: 1988-1991].

The State of Israel Physicians' Law of 1987 requires all immigrant physicians to pass a state licensing examination in order to practice medicine. The examination is prepared by the Board of Examination for the Medical License, appointed according to the Ministry of Health regulations of 1987. It consists of 220 written multiple choice questions in internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry and obstetrics and gynecology. As decided by the Board of Examination, the examinations are given in Hebrew, English, Russian, Spanish, Rumanian, Bulgarian, French, Polish, Portuguese and Arabic. Physicians required to take the examination can participate in special preparatory courses given in university-affiliated hospitals. The mark received at the end of the course is taken into consideration in the final grading of the candidate. Since 1988, 1,985 physicians have been examined, 89.3% of whom were immigrants from Russia and only 3% from Western countries. Of these, 1,968 (65.9%) were licensed. Factors affecting success rate were: age (mean 34 years), with the highest success rate at ages 31-35; length of medical experience, with the best results in those with 11-15 years of experience (mean 12); and country of origin, which is crucial. The success rate in immigrants from Western countries was 79.2%, from South America 72.3% and from Russia and Eastern European countries about 60%.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Smoking policies of licensed child day-care centers in the United States.

The authors analyzed data from a national survey of 2003 directors of licensed child day-care centers to determine employee smoking policies, measure compliance with state and local employee smoking regulations for child day-care centers and state clean indoor air laws, and to estimate the extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in these settings. Forty states regulated employee smoking in child day-care centers, but only three states required day-care centers to be smoke-free indoors. More than 99% of licensed child day-care centers had employee smoking policies that complied with the appropriate state or local smoking regulations. Nearly 55% of centers were smoke-free indoors and outdoors, and 26% were smoke-free indoors only. The best predictors of more stringent employee smoking policies were location in the West or South, smaller size, independent ownership, or having written smoking policies. Despite the presence of strong smoking policies at the majority of licensed child day-care centers, more than 752,000 children in the United States are at risk for environmental tobacco smoke exposure in these settings. Health care professionals and parents should insist that child day-care centers be smoke-free indoors and, preferably, smoke-free indoors and outdoors.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1996

Incidence of death and hospitalization from assault occurring in and around licensed premises: a comparative analysis.

The aim of the research was to: determine the incidence of serious assault in and around licensed premises in New Zealand, and to compare the circumstances of assault with those that occurred in other locations. For the period 1978-87, inclusive, 49 assault fatalities occurred in or around licensed premises representing 9.4% of all homicides and 12.9% where a place was specified. The comparable figures for assaults resulting in hospitalization in 1988 were: 251, 10.2% and 18.4%, respectively. Further analyses suggests that our estimate of the incidence rate is likely to be an underestimate due to changes over time in the large number of assault cases which have no specific place of occurrence identified. In comparison with homes homicides in licensed premises were more likely to involve: males; Maori, unarmed fights and brawls; unknown assailants; alcohol; occur during the evening and toward the end of the week; and result in head injury. For non-fatal events similar differences were found. In comparison with homes non-fatal assaults were more likely to involve: males; young adults, Maori, the unemployed, unarmed fights and brawls, and head injury. There have been a number of significant policy changes in New Zealand since 1988 which may have resulted in a change to the situation reported here.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emerging licensing issues in Canada and the US.

Health care is under scrutiny. Governments and regulators are examining the way in which health care is delivered within a framework of public accountability. Licensing authorities are faced with issues such as legislative reform, undefined scopes of practice, increased lay involvement in licensing, specialty licensing and the measurement of continuing competence. The protection of the public and preservation of the professionalism of self-regulation are the principles that should guide decision-making. While economics are behind much of the top-down initiatives to change, there is also a real grassroots demand for preventive services, choice of alternative therapies and increased responsiveness by healthcare providers to community needs for primary health care, which includes convenient times and locations, at costs affordable by everyone.

Canada↗
PubMed1997

The DNA replication licensing system.

The Xenopus cell free system has proved a good model system to study in vitro DNA replication and the mechanism preventing rereplication in a single cell cycle. Studies using this system resulted in the development of a model postulating the existence of a replication licensing factor (RLF), which binds to the chromatin before the G1-S transition of the cell cycle and is displaced during replication. The nuclear envelope prevents rebinding of RLF and hence relicensing. Nuclear envelope breakdown at mitosis is required to allow another round of replication. Protein kinase inhibitors block licensing factor activity and arrest Xenopus extracts in a G2 like state. These kinase inhibitors have allowed the development of an in vitro assay leading to the biochemical purification of RLF components. RLF can be separated into RLF-B and RLF-M, the latter consisting of several members of the MCM/P1 class of replication proteins. In Xenopus as well as in many other eukaryotes, the binding of MCM/P1 proteins to chromatin before S phase is essential for replication to occur. The proteins are then displaced as replication proceeds. These changes in subnuclear distribution are reflected by changes in the phosphorylation status. MCM/P1 proteins do not bind to the DNA on their own but need RLF-B to be loaded onto the chromatin. Their cycling behaviour is reminiscent of the existence of a prereplicative complex at the origins of replication in yeast, suggesting that the licensing mechanism is ubiquitous in eukaryotes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Elevating clinical licensing examinations to professional testing standards.

Clinical licensure examinations for graduates have increasingly come under criticism. Studies question whether licensing examinations can discriminate between prepared and unprepared candidates for independent practice. A study at Columbia showed no correlation between student performance on in-school clinical examinations and NERB examinations. The results question whether the NERB clinical examinations meet concurrent validity standards. A recent steep rise in the regional failure rate on the prosthodontics manikin examination questions the reliability of that examination. The authors urge immediate action to bring clinical licensing examinations into line with recent (1992) national guidelines for dental licensing agencies.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2001

Graduated driver licensing in Michigan: early impact on motor vehicle crashes among 16-year-old drivers.

CONTEXT: Graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs are being adopted in many states to address the high rate of motor vehicle fatalities among teens by requiring teenaged drivers to gain experience and maturity under conditions of relatively low crash risk before gaining full driving privileges. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early impact of Michigan's GDL program on traffic crashes among 16-year-old drivers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS: Analysis of Michigan motor vehicle crash data from 1996 (before GDL program implementation) vs 1998 and 1999 (after GDL program implementation) for 16-year-olds, adjusting for trends among persons 25 years or older. INTERVENTION: Michigan's GDL program, instituted April 1, 1997, for teens younger than 18 years entering the driver license system, includes 3 licensure levels, each with driving restrictions and requirements to progress to the next level. Requirements include extended, supervised practice in the learning level, 2-phase driver education, and night driving restrictions in the intermediate level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates in 1996 vs 1998 and 1999 for all police-reported crashes; for fatal injury, nonfatal injury, and fatal/nonfatal injury combined crashes; for day, evening, and night crashes; for single-vehicle and multivehicle crashes; and for alcohol-related crashes. RESULTS: Overall, the rate of 16-year-old drivers (per 1000 population) involved in crashes declined from 154 in 1996 to 111 in 1999 (relative risk [RR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.73). After adjusting for populationwide trends, the overall crash risk for 16-year-olds was significantly reduced in 1999 from 1996 by 25% (adjusted RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.74-0.77). There were also significant reductions for nonfatal injury and combined fatal and nonfatal crashes; for day, evening, and night crashes; and for single-vehicle and multivehicle crashes. Fatal crashes declined from 1996 to 1999, but not significantly (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.49-1.14), and alcohol-related crashes continued at a low rate (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.80-1.29). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the first 2 full calendar years following Michigan's GDL program implementation indicates substantial crash reductions among 16-year-olds. Future research is necessary to determine if these reductions are maintained and if other jurisdictions achieve similar results.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

Mortality among male licensed pesticide users and their wives.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the mortality pattern of male licensed pesticide users and their wives in central Italy. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 2978 male farmers licensed for buying and handling toxic pesticides during the period 1971-1973 and 2586 farmers' wives. The Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMRs) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were computed on the basis of regional death rates. RESULTS: We found a lower than expected overall and cancer mortality. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was increased among women (SMR = 2.29, 0.62-5.86) but not in male farmers (SMR = 0.90, 0.24-2.30), while both sexes were characterized by an increased risk of leukemia (men: SMR = 1.44, 0.69-2.64; women: SMR = 2.41, 1.04-4.76), mainly due to myeloid leukemia (men: SMR = 2.43, 0.98-5.00; women: SMR = 3.14, 1.02-7.33). CONCLUSIONS: Men and women tend to share the same mortality profile. The statistically significant increase of leukemia with a threefold increased risk of the myeloid subtype only among women suggests that different pattern of exposure or biological differences between genders should be considered in evaluating health risks in agricultural settings.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of FDA licensed HIV assays using plasma from Cameroonian blood donors.

Several diagnostic assays for the detection of HIV infection have been approved and licensed by the FDA for blood donor screening. However, the performance of these assays is unknown when testing genetically divergent blood specimens. To evaluate the performance of these assays with diverse HIV strains, we chose to study specimens collected from blood donors in Cameroon where genetic diversity and recombinant variants are prevalent. In this study, we tested 240 human plasma specimens collected from two blood centers in Cameroon. These samples were screened initially in Cameroon for antibody to HIV using a rapid assay. We also performed sequencing to determine subtype. Our evaluation has demonstrated that HIV infection in most HIV plasma samples could be detected by most of the US FDA licensed diagnostic assays. With the exception of a few specimens, HIV-1 p24 antigen was not detected in any of the samples. In addition, some nucleic acid tests (NAT) assays were not able to detect a few serologic reactive samples and all new variants including some CRF02_AG variants.

Blood Donors↗