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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Early surgery compared with watchful waiting for glue ear and effect on language development in preschool children: a randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of hearing loss in children and is generally treated by elective surgery. We compared in children with persistent OME the effect on speech and language development of immediate surgery (ventilation-tube insertion) and watchful waiting before surgery. METHODS: We did a randomised controlled trial with masked outcome assessment in Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, UK. We included 186 children born between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992, who had confirmed bilateral OME and bilateral hearing impairment of 25-70 dB of at least 3 months' duration. Children were randomly assigned surgery within 6 weeks (n=92), or 9 months of watchful waiting (n=90), after which bilateral tube insertion was done if required. We assessed hearing loss, expressive language, and verbal comprehension at 9 months and 18 months. FINDINGS: At 9 months, standardised scores for expressive language and verbal comprehension differed between groups with marginal significance after adjustment for baseline differences (p=0.04 and p=0.028, respectively). At 9 months, verbal comprehension and expressive language skills in the watchful-waiting group were 3.24 months behind those in the early-surgery group. The watchful-waiting group was delayed on these two measures compared with their age-expected levels. 18 months after randomisation, 85% of children in the watchful-waiting group had received surgery and groups did not differ significantly. INTERPRETATION: There is some benefit from ventilation-tube insertion for expressive language and verbal comprehension but the timing of surgery is not critical.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1990

Referential style at thirteen months: why age-defined cross-sectional measures are inappropriate for the study of strategy differences in early language development.

This study examines the relationship between cross-sectional measures of referential style taken at 1; 1 and measures based on the first 50 words in 12 first-born children. Since no significant relationship is found it is argued that age-defined cross-sectional measures are inappropriate for the study of strategy differences in early language development because they confound such differences with variation due to differences in development level.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1985

Mild conductive hearing loss and language development: a one year follow-up study.

Thirteen children aged 3 to 5 years with mild conductive hearing losses and histories of otitis media were pair-matched with audiologically normal children on age, sex, socioeconomic status, family intactness, and first language (English). The Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language, the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test, and the Developmental Sentence Scoring Procedure were administered. Phonology errors were tabulated from the spontaneous language sample. The language evaluation was repeated after a 1-year interval. All measures differentiated the groups at highly significant levels on the initial assessment. All tests except the Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language continued to show significant differences a year later. The results support the hypothesis that children who experience recurrent middle ear problems are at risk for persistent language delay.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Principle symptoms of delayed language development and behavioral disorders. 2 case studies on the topic of fragile X syndrome].

Case reports of two boys (5 1/2 and 3 1/2 years old) with fragile X syndrome are presented. In both cases, the typical somatic signs were absent. On the other hand, the psychopathology, with delayed language development and behaviour problems (especially hyperactivity and autistic behavior), provided the indication for a chromosome analysis. Fragile X syndrome was diagnosed in both cases, but in case 2 two subsequent controls were negative. The conclusions are that a diagnosis of fragile X syndrome must be viewed with skepticism until it has been confirmed by a second chromosome analysis in another experienced laboratory and/or with a different laboratory method. In spite of the genetic etiology (case 1), a marked improvement in the symptoms was possible with an intensive remedial program. Hence the fragile X chromosome appears to predispose to certain psychopathological changes, and these changes are apparently strongly influenced by psychosocial factors. Awareness of the genetic diagnosis can have positive effects on a family's compliance concerning further therapeutic programs for the child.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Factors affecting language development in West African children: a pilot study using a qualitative methodology.

Data on referral patterns to pre-school facilities for speech- and language-delayed children suggest that West African children are over represented relative to other ethnic/language groups. This study was set up as a pilot to explore some of the issues which distinguish this group of children and their families. A qualitative methodology was adopted to access the views of a small group of parents (nine) and professionals with direct experience of these services (three). Between them the parents had a total of 11 children who had received speech and language therapy services. Extensive in-depth interviews were transcribed and coded. The families are predominantly well educated with high expectations for their children. Their beliefs about child development in general and language development often differed from those of the professionals interviewed. For example, parents saw little direct link between very early language stimulation and subsequent school performance. West African parents also perceived that they had different (higher) expectations of behaviour than other families. It was generally accepted by all parties that the West African community experiences a high degree of stress resulting from a combination of interacting factors, namely pressures relating to employment, to immigration status, to matters financial and to expectations from family back in their own country. It is unclear exactly how these impact on the development of the child but there is an awareness that there may be a negative effect of such stress and that children's speech and language development may be one aspect of development that is affected. As a result of this pilot study a number of mechanisms relating to the relationship between environment factors and language development are proposed and suggestions are made regarding service provision for this community.

Africa↗
PubMed1983

Lateral facial clefts: closure with W-plasty and implications of speech and language development.

Lateral facial clefts are rare; their incidence is about 1 in 60,000 births. Early treatment with closure in layers is stressed. The mucosa is closed in with a Z-plasty to avoid intraoral band contracture, the orbicularis muscle is closed after interfiber reorientation, and the skin is closed with W-plasty to produce a more aesthetic result and avoid the fissure-like appearance. A familial incidence is noted. Language development is observed before and after the surgical corrective procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Disentangling early language development: modeling lexical and grammatical acquisition using an extension of case-study methodology.

The early lexical and grammatical development of 1 male child is examined with growth curves and dynamic-systems modeling procedures. Lexical-development described a pattern of logistic growth (R2 = .98). Lexical and plural development shared the following characteristics: Plural growth began only after a threshold was reached in vocabulary size; lexical growth slowed as plural growth increased. As plural use reached full mastery, lexical growth began again to increase. It was hypothesized that a precursor model (P. van Geert, 1991) would fit these data. Subsequent testing indicated that the precursor model, modified to incorporate brief yet intensive plural growth, provided a suitable fit. The value of the modified precursor model for the explication of processes implicated in language development is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

[Diagnosis and differentiation of children with language development disorders. What role can be attributed to intelligence?].

BACKGROUND: Specific language impairment (SLI) is defined as a developmental disorder in which language comprehension and the child's ability to use expressive spoken language is markedly below the appropriate level for his or her mental age. The intelligence of SLI children is in the normal range, while their language abilities are impaired. "Normal intelligence", the defining feature of SLI is questioned in this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using IDIS (an inventory of diagnostic information in language impairment), we examined 138 children aged 5 and 6 years with severe language impairment; 108 SLI and 30 LI children. Various indicators of speech and language such as articulation, the ability to discriminate sounds, lexicon, grammar and pragmatic abilities but also auditory and visual perception, auditory and visual memory, fine and gross motor function were assessed. RESULTS: The performance of the SLI children was significantly higher in most of the tests than that of the LI children. Factor analysis showed that the two groups also differed in the structure of performance. Auditory short-term memory was reduced in most children irrespective of intelligence. CONCLUSIONS: We propose the retention of the differentiation of subgroups of developmental speech and language disorders depending on the level of intelligence.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Translational research on early language development: current challenges and future directions.

There is a pressing need for the early and accurate identification of young children at risk for language and other developmental disabilities and the provision of timely, age-appropriate intervention, as mandated by Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Research has shown that early intervention is effective for many language impaired children in different etiological groups, and can reduce the functional impact of persistent disorders on children and their families. Yet, the accurate identification of infants and toddlers at risk for language impairment remains elusive, especially for late-talking children without obvious genetic or neurological conditions. In this paper, the need for translational research on basic processes in early language development in typical and atypical populations and the contextual factors that affect them are discussed, along with current challenges and future directions for its successful implementation. Implications of this research for clinical evidence-based practice are also considered.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Language development: a sensory development and signal processing perspective.

The relationship between the development of sensory mechanisms and the maturation of language behavior is poorly understood. From the outset it is important to distinguish between what is necessary for the development of any language system versus what is involved in the development of the verbal language system in the unimpaired child. The presence of highly sophisticated language systems among persons who communicate manually reminds us that no single source of sensory information is absolutely required for the development of at least some form of language system. Nevertheless, there persists a general belief that the availability of an accurate representation of the acoustic environment will facilitate at least the normal process of language acquisition. A more tenable question is whether the completeness or accuracy of the sensory representation places limitations on the emergence of language comprehension and production. I think this is unlikely, unless the relatively untested area of the maturation of "nonlinear processing mechanisms" provides information different than that obtained from more traditional linear systems analysis approaches. The relative integrity of the language systems of the hearing impaired, despite very dramatic differences in auditory sensitivity and frequency-resolving power, argues strongly that whatever mechanisms account for language organization are relatively immune to significant alterations in sensory input. Caution must be exercised here, however, since these comments generally refer to the outcome of studies performed on persons with acquired hearing loss. Naturalistic or descriptive studies of patients with congenital hearing loss are always susceptible to the criticism that whatever agent or agents produced the sensory impairment may also have produced concomitant impairment of nonsensory mechanisms. Nevertheless, comparisons of young infants and hearing-impaired adults, with respect to behavioral studies, suggest that there is a sufficiently rich sensory representation of the acoustic environment to permit the development of language skills much earlier than they naturally emerge. Electrophysiologic comparisons of human newborns and adults also suggest that the diminished auditory sensitivity and alterations in the frequency contour of sensitivity are insufficient to explain age differences in language comprehension and production performance. It may well be that the brain mechanisms responsible for the establishment of language behavior are sufficiently flexible to accommodate even a greatly impoverished sensory representation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Brain↗
PubMed1999

[Language development: psychosocial requirements for communication].

This work describes the social and psychological characteristics of attachment adults. These features are considered as sociopsychological prerequisites for the child language development. The focus is put on the so-called no formal education, suitable for these attachment adults who are involved affectively and emotionally. Some educational strategies to be practised at home are also presented.

Adult↗