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A lateral ileostomy permits perfect exclusion, easy fitting of an ileostomy bag and easy secondary closure. An analogous procedure may be used to perform a terminal ileostomy and/or a perfectly vascularised ileal bladder, specially suitable for the obese patient.
Much recent research has been devoted to the investigation of lateral eye movements (LEMs) as an indicator of hemispheric activation. Various personality characteristics have been reported to be associated with predominant left and right looking which have been interpreted on the basis of hemispheric specialization; however, this interpretation has been challenged by others. We investigated the relationship between LEMs obtained in a paradigmatic question-asking procedure and event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to a checkerboard stimulus. Subjects were 20 right-handed young adults (11 men, 9 women). We found that left-looking subjects had a greater positive-going occipital ERP amplitude at 90-msec poststimulus on the right side than on the left; the reverse was true for right-looking subjects (F = 11.08, 1/16 df, p < 0.005).
Principles of operative technique of arthroscopic patellar lateral release are presented. The most common complications and measures to avoid them are discussed.
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Magnetic resonance imaging and MR spectroscopy are important tools in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected motor neuron disease. Further investigation is needed to determine and to compare the utility of various neuroimaging markers for diagnosis and disease progression [112]. Newer MR tools, such as diffusion tensor imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, and functional MR imaging, have substantial promise as scientific and clinical tools in this ongoing endeavor.
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We examined the Golgi apparatus (GA) of motor neurons of patients with ALS and in mice models of ALS by immunohistological method using antiserum against MG160 and against components of the trans-Golgi network (TGN46). The GA of half of the remaining spinal cord motor neurons of patients with sporadic ALS showed fragmentation, where the GA were dispersed or fragmented into numerous small, isolated elements. The GA of Betz cells in sporadic ALS were fragmented similar to that of anterior horn cells, and the GA of spinal cord motor neurons of those with familial ALS and of those with ALS with basophilic inclusions were fragmented or diminished. The GA in the majority of the motor neurons contained Bunina bodies, basophilic inclusions and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-positive aggregates were fragmented. The motor neurons in transgenic mice expressing G93A mutation of the SOD1 gene showed the fragmentation of the GA months before the onset of paralysis. These findings suggest that the fragmentation of GA may be related to the neuronal degeneration in patients with ALS.
The effects of body position during the neonatal period on subsequent functional and postural behaviours were examined in relatively low-risk preterm infants. 44 infants were nursed in the supine position and 37 in a prone position throughout their admission period. Persistent head-turning to the right was observed more often and continued longer in the infants lying in supine. Asymmetrical postures, e.g. of skull and trunk, were more often seen in infants lying in supine than in prone. The prone position was thought to help prevent infantile scoliosis. At nine months, preference for the right hand was more marked in infants lying in supine, whereas infants lying in prone used their hands bilaterally, a tendency that persisted at 18 months. Asymmetrical gait pattern with mild gait disturbance was found more often in infants lying in supine than in prone. The prone position was thought to prevent asymmetrical posture and excessive functional asymmetries.