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Results for “Karyometry”

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PubMed1976

Numerical density of nuclei in the sheep placenta.

A method is described for estimating the number of nuclei of different cell types in the sheep placenta. The method was applied to the study of six placentas of different ages and the results have been correlated with data on the chemical composition and the physiology of the ovine placenta. In agreement with studies of placental DNA content, there is no demonstrable increase in the total number of placental nuclei in the last two months of gestation. However, the number of fetal mesenchymal nuclei decreases and there is a concomitant increase of fetal endothelial nuclei from 80 days to term. These changes correlate with a decrease in volume of the core of the placental villi and increase in umbilical blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hemopoietic cells in the liver and spleen of the embryonic and early postnatal mouse: a karyometrical observation.

Hemopoietic cells in the liver and spleen of embryonal and early neonatal mice were karyometrically examined by light microscopy. Hepatic hemopoiesis started at 11 days gestation, and proerythroblasts and less differentiated cells with nuclei larger than 7 micron in diameter, appeared in the primitive hepatic cords. After 12 days, the liver contained a number of mature erythroblasts. The immature large hemopoietic cells disappeared from the liver at 16 days gestation. Splenic hemopoiesis began at 16 days gestation. Hemopoietic cells with nuclei measuring larger in diameter than 8 micron appeared in the splenic cords, and the immature cells could be seen even at 2 days after birth. Development of embryonic hemopoiesis from the liver to the spleen is discussed in relation to yolk sac and bone marrow hemopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Detection of underlying characteristics of nuclear chromatin patterns of thyroid tumor cells using texture and factor analyses.

BACKGROUND: Aspiration biopsy cytology of thyroid tumors has been used more frequently in recent times to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions. Chromatin patterns of the tumor cell nuclei are one of most important factors for cytologic diagnosis. The interpretation of nuclear chromatin patterns is subjective and more difficult than that of nuclear size or shape. In the present report, we investigated how to detect underlying chromatin characteristics of benign and malignant thyroid tumor cells by means of texture and factor analyses. METHODS: We employed a computer-aided system in which light microscopy was combined with an image processor and monochrome camera. Using this system, 100 randomly selected cells in a Papanicolaou stained, aspiration biopsy cytologic smear in each case of 39 benign and malignant thyroid tumor cases were digitized. We applied two-dimensional and higher texture analyses with the use of co-occurrence and run-length matrices to analyze the chromatin patterns. Factor analysis was used to determine whether a large number of independent variables actually measured one or more underlying common variables. RESULTS: According to parameters with high factor-loading values, the morphologic chromatin characters were classified into three categories according to heterogeneity, contrast, and homogeneity of chromatin patterns. On the basis of analyses with these morphologic categories, nuclei of papillary carcinoma showed higher contrast of chromatin patterns than did those of the benign group. Moreover, there was a variety of contrasting chromatin patterns among cells in each papillary carcinoma case in comparison with the benign group. In contrast, follicular carcinomas showed a significant difference in the standard deviation of factor 3, which indicated more monotonous chromatin patterns among cells in each follicular carcinoma case than in each benign case. CONCLUSION: We believe that this technique, using texture and factor analyses, is useful in the detection of underlying characteristics of nuclear chromatin patterns in aspiration biopsy cytology.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1987

Carcinoma in situ specimen classification based on intermediate cell measurements.

In this study the possibility of classifying carcinoma in situ and normal specimens by measuring normal-appearing intermediate cells was explored. Twenty-five histologically verified carcinoma in situ specimens and 99 normal specimens, matched with the abnormal specimens for age and use or nonuse of an oral hormonal contraceptive, were examined. The smears were monolayer preparations stained with Thionin-Feulgen Congo red. Twenty-one nuclear features were measured. A discrimination among the experimental groups could be made on the basis of the relationship between two features, area and average optical density (AOD). A regression of AOD on area for each smear was performed. The correlation, coefficient of variation, slope, intercept, as well as the mean of the AOD level and the age of the subject were used in a discriminant analysis. This resulted in a smear classification with a false-positive rate of 14% and a missed-positive rate of 32%. When contraceptive use was taken into account the overall classification was improved with a false-positive rate of 12% and a missed-positive rate of 20%.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of ICSI-selected epididymal sperm samples of obstructive azoospermic males by the CKIA system.

The objective of this study was to evaluate nuclear normality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-selected epididymal sperm from obstructive azoospermic (OA) patients. We evaluated whether the selection criteria used in routine ICSI (morphology and motility at a magnification of 400x) is adequate for selecting "normal" sperm from epididymal samples. Surgically retrieved spermatozoa from the caput epididymis of 15 OA patients and ejaculated sperm samples from 9 normospermic donors were evaluated with a DNA-specific stain (Feulgen) and in combination with the computerized karyometric image analysis (CKIA) system. Original (unselected) samples and ICSI-selected sperm were compared in donor and patient samples. In the original fraction, a larger variation in almost all measured parameters was found in epididymal sperm than in ejaculated sperm. After sperm selection, the morphometry was comparable between epididymal and ejaculated sperm. However, for those parameters related to the DNA stainability and chromatin texture (nuclear condensation), significant differences between patients and donors were observed. This result suggests that the size and form of the sperm do not necessarily hold similar internal structures. Thus, the frequency of "normal" sperm significantly increased after ICSI selection, but the improvement was more marked in donor than in OA patients' samples. In conclusion, at least a twofold increase in the number of normal spermatozoa was achieved after ICSI selection. The heterogeneity in the stainability and chromatin condensation of epididymal samples from OA patients indicates that some of the selected spermatozoa have a hypocondensed or hypercondensed chromatin. Even in the best of donor cases, no more than 55% of the selected sperm scored normal with CKIA, indicating that the present routine ICSI selection criteria are not sufficient for selecting normal condensed nuclei.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1992

Ultrastructure of the mammalian pinealocyte under natural and experimental conditions: quantitative aspects.

This review briefly summarizes data accumulated on the quantitative aspects of the ultrastructure of the mammalian pinealocyte. Quantitative changes have been demonstrated under natural and experimental conditions in pinealocyte cell organelles in various species. Special attention is paid to two cytoplasmic components most frequently studied by means of quantitative electron microscopy, namely, dense-core vesicles and "synaptic" ribbons.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Relationship of nuclear appearance to stromal invasion in human breast cancer.

Two biopsies of intraductal and invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast and 11 biopsies of intraductal and invasive carcinoma of the breast were examined by automated micromensurative techniques for mean nuclear area of carcinoma cells in intraductal and in invasive compartments. The nuclei of invasive carcinoma cells tended to be smaller when they invaded stroma as single cells or as "thin strands" than when they invaded as part of large sheets of cells. Cells in direct apposition with the stroma usually had smaller nuclei than cells which were found centrally in large confluent sheets of cells. Intraduct carcinoma cells approached, in size, invasive cells which formed confluent sheets, rather than cancer cells which invaded as single cells. The nuclei of cells which invaded in small groups were usually darker than those of cells in confluent sheets, which were usually more vesicular.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prognostic assessment of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus using karyometric analysis and nucleolar organizer regions.

To investigate prognostic values for squamous cell carcinoma, we measured nuclear area (NA), nuclear shape factor (NSF), DNA content and mean number of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR), using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 39 patients with superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. NA and DNA content were significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis. NA and the NOR number were also significantly higher in patients with recurrence than in those surviving for more than 3 years without recurrence. To determine the optimal combination of these parameters for prognostic assessment, we used a stepwise discriminant analysis to obtain two linear discriminant functions. One (f = 0.331 x NA + 6.64 x NSF + 9.85) gave an accuracy of 87.2% in predicting lymph node metastasis, and the other (f = -0.071 x NA - 2.34 x NOR + 13.0) yielded an overall accuracy of 88.9% in classifying patients into two groups with a better and worse prognosis. These results suggest that karyometric analysis and determination of the NOR number are useful for the prediction of disease outcome in patients with superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Muscle trophic factor: I. Assay of a muscle trophic factor by measurement of muscle cell nuclei.

A method for assaying a skeletal muscle cell trophic factor in chicken serum is described. The number of myoblast and myotube nuclei was considered to reflect the rate of myoblast multiplication and was thus adopted as an index for the activity of the trophic factor. In a 35-mm Falcon plastic Petri dish, 2.5 x 10(40) to 10(5) myoblasts were cultured. The culture medium consisted of 85% Eagle's minimum essential medium and 15% horse serum. The assay medium was composed of 2.4 ml of this culture medium and 0.1 ml of partially purified trophic factor or appropriately diluted chicken serum. Four dishes were prepared for each sample under identical conditions. On day 4 of incubation, cells were fixed, stained and observed under a microscope, and the number of nuclei in 20 fields was counted. The mean number of nuclei obtained from the four dishes was used to denote a single point. A three-point common-zero method of slope-ratio assay was used to calculate activity. The activity of the trophic factor was expressed with reference to the effect of the control serum on myoblast multiplication.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A quantitative microscopical study of tumour cell nuclei in lymphatic metastasis, using a Quantimet.

The projected areas of nuclei of tumour cells in experimental and human tumours have been measured with a Quantimet. In nearly all the specimens examined the nuclei in the lymph node metastasis, and the nuclei in the site from which metastasis had occurred, were similar in size. In one case of human breast cancer, nuclei in the axillary nodal metastasis were twice as large as those in the mammary primary. In another case of human breast cancer a few very large nuclei were seen only in the mammary primary.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Gastric dysplasia: a stereological and morphometrical assessment.

The grading systems of gastric dysplasia suffer from the lack of criteria that separate the changes with an acceptable reproducibility. Repeatable and objective grading of the lesion can be obtained by morphometrically measuring histological criteria normally employed in qualitative grading. In 54 consecutive antrum biopsy specimens in which a blind, independent agreement on the grade of dysplasia had been reached between four independent pathologists, stereological and nuclear morphometrical features have been studied. Single variate, bivariate and multivariate analyses have been performed. Architectural parameters, such as volume and surface densities of glands and epithelium, are especially good discriminators both between mild and moderate, and between moderate and severe dysplasia. Features describing arrangement and shape of nuclei, and nucleolar size are of additional help in improving the objective distinction between moderate and severe dysplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A morphometrically-based classification rule for the diagnosis of primary mesothelial lesions.

A computer-aided morphometrical study was performed on histological specimens of reactive hyperplastic (n = 10) and malignant (n = 17) mesothelium. For each cell, seven nuclear features were measured and 13 parameters computed. Using stepwise variable selection, discriminant analysis chose the nuclear contour index, the standard deviation of the nuclear area, and the mean of the nuclear perimeter as discriminating features between hyperplastic and malignant mesothelium. The coefficients of these variables were included in a discriminant function which gave perfect discrimination between the two groups of lesions. When the function was assessed on a test set of hyperplastic (n = 10) and malignant (n = 17) mesothelial lesions treated as 'unknown', complete separation between these two diagnostic categories was achieved. This classification rule may help to increase the level of confidence with which a histological diagnosis of mesothelioma can be established.

Cell Nucleus↗