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PubMed1981

Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq: a seroepidemiological survey.

A seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus activity in Iraq was carried out during 1979 and 1980. Sera were collected from 1680 people including contacts of known patients, abattoir workers and animal husbandry workers in various parts of the country. These were tested by complement fixation and agar gel precipitin tests. Among patients' relatives and contacts, 29% had antibodies to Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever; 11% of hospital staff, 7% of abattoir workers and 29% of those engaged in animal husbandry had antibodies. Inapparent infections were common in hospital staff caring for patients known to have had the disease. No antibodies were detected in the sera of 151 people who were not believed to have had contact with a known case of the disease.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq.

Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever was recognized for the first time in Iraq in 1979. The first case was reported on 3 September 1979 and since then a further 9 patients have been investigated. Eight patients gave a history of previous contact with sheep or cattle, while 2 patients, a resident doctor and an auxiliary nurse, acquired their infections in hospital by direct contact with patients. The causal virus was isolated from patients' blood and postmortem liver specimens. The virus isolates were found to be closely related if not identical serologically to members of the Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus group. Eight of the patients had no epidemiological relationship to one another and lived in widely separated areas around Baghdad and Ramadi (110 km to the west of Baghdad).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Primary gastric lymphoma. Review of 32 cases from Iraq.

The clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of 32 patients with primary gastric lymphoma are reported. These tumours constitute about 9% of gastric neoplasms in Iraq. As a group our patients seem to present at an earlier age and with more extensive disease at the time of diagnosis than those with other gastric neoplasms. Surgical excision with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy seems to offer the best chance of long symptom-free survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A measure of community health needs and actions in a rural area of Iraq. The Abu-al-Khasib experience.

A longitudinal enquiry was carried out among randomly selected households in four villages in Abu-al-Khasib district of Iraq, to study health needs as perceived by the community and actions people take when the need arises. Almost three-quarters of the spells of sickness as perceived by the community were among mothers and children. Most of the morbidity was found to be within the scope of preventive services at the local health centre level. Health centre services were underutilised. Only half of the spells of sickness were reported to the local health centres for medical care; a reason for this phenomenon is the emerging preference for care at the hands of clinical specialists. The action the community takes when a health need arises depends on their perception and this is determined by rapid social and educational development. The need to increase demand for normal care, especially that of mother and child, is stressed; this care may be strengthened through introduction of a domiciliary component.

Community Participation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal tuberculosis in Iraq: a study of 50 cases.

Fifty cases of histologically proven intestinal tuberculosis are presented. Although intestinal tuberculosis is declining in Iraq, it is still a common condition affecting the bowel. Most of the lesions were primary and usually of bovine origin. The peak age incidence was between 30-39 years. Sexes were equally affected. The clinical presentation is usually intestinal obstruction, less commonly abdominal malignancy, malabsorption, or appendicular mass. All patients were explored and resection was carried out in 40; all were given antituberculous chemotherapy. The results are very satisfactory in the 47 patients that continued chemotherapy for over one year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The prevalence of sickle cell disease in Abu-AL-Khasib district of southern Iraq.

At attempt was made to estimate the prevalence of sickle cell disease among the primary school children in Abul-al-Khasib district of southern Iraq which is known for a relatively high prevalence. Examination of 706 children in the age group of 10 to 12 years from 10 out of 20 schools randomly chosen in four villages of Abu-al-Khasib showed an overall prevalence rate of 16% as compared to 2.5% seen in a control population of 525 children belonging to five urban schools in Basrah. Sickle cell trait was evident in 13.3% of the cases. Sickledex was used for initial testing and those showing positive sickling phenomenon were confirmed by cellulose acetate haemoglobin electrophoresis. The need for introducing early screening measures as well as marriage/genetic counselling as part of the overall health and welfare services in stressed.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1980

Pollen and mold survey of Baghdad, Iraq.

There are few known adequate or accurate pollen surveys of the various climates of the Middle East. Certain of these countries, such as Iraq and Iran, have tested alleged "hay fever plants" but such surveys have been primitive and are based on searching for the families of hay fever plants of other nations within their boundaries. No sophisticated studies exist. This study is the result of a recent visit to Baghdad where the authors performed an admittedly rough plant survey, particularly identifying the flora indigenous to the area. Subsequently a roughly spaced mod survey was undertaken. The authors hope that a thorough pollen survey will eventually be made in these countries to enable physicians to better care for their allergic patients.

Alternaria↗
PubMed1976

Organomercury poisoning in Iraq: history prior to the 1971-72 outbreak.

Mercury has been used medically in the Middle East since time immemorial. Organomercury compounds were first used as seed dressings in Iraq in 1955. During the years 1955-59, 200 cases of poisoning occurred. A more clearly defined outbreak occurred in 1960, involving approximately 1000 hospital admissions. Twelve patients from two families affected in this outbreak were re-examined in 1973, and showed considerable improvement.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1993

Diagnostic methods for intestinal parasites in southern Iraq with reference to Strongyloides stercoralis.

Three hundred and thirty-two stool samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites including Strongyloides stercoralis. Each sample was processed and examined by direct smear, formalin-ether and Harada and Mori culture methods. Nine parasites were recovered from patients attending Basrah Teaching Hospital, southern Iraq during 1989. The prevalence rate of infection was 64.2%. It was higher in rural (74.2%) than in urban (57.5%) region (p < 0.01). Sex distribution was 120 (36.1%) males and 87 (26.2%) females (p > 0.05). The most common parasites were Blastocystis hominis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Hymenolepis nana and Strongyloides stercoralis. Formalin-ether concentration method was 3.75 times better than the direct smear method in the diagnosis of helminth rather than protozoan infections. The yield obtained by the usage of the Harada and Mori culture method (4.5%) was significantly higher than that obtained by formalin-ether (2.7%) or direct smear (0.3%) methods. Therefore, the Harada and Mori culture method is recommended in patients with undiagnosed diarrhea and where strongyloidiasis is endemic or suspected. Investigation of the relationship between age of the patients and prevalence showed that the prevalence of total intestinal parasites and of Strongyloides alone had essentially levelled off by age 11-20 and 21-30 years old, respectively. Clinical symptoms associated with S. stercoralis infection were diarrhea, anorexia and abdominal pain. Thiabendazole is still a drug of choice in the treatment of strongyloidiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A subjective study of fatigue during Navy flight operations over southern Iraq: Operation Southern Watch.

Carrier Air Wing FIVE (U.S.S. Independence) sustained and continuous operations during the onset of Operation Southern Watch provided an opportunity to evaluate fatigue and responses to fatigue in naval aviation aircrew personnel. We compiled U.S. Navy Carrier Air Wing Five (CVW-5) aircrew subjective fatigue reports during and immediately after the 18 d of intensive carrier aviation operations enforcing the "No Fly Zone" over southern Iraq. This survey provided indicators for monitoring fatigue during patrols of 5-6 hours. Also addressed are the most commonly used methods to combat fatigue, including caffeine tablets and nicotine gum.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1994

Anesthesia in northern Iraq: an audit from a field hospital.

A Royal Naval field surgical team deployed to Iraq for 6 weeks. Seventy-one anesthetics were administered to 52 patients. The Triservice anesthetic apparatus (TSA) was used with controlled ventilation and either halothane plus trichloroethylene or isoflurane. Other techniques included spontaneous ventilation via the TSA, ketamine and midazolam, either with or without controlled ventilation, or local anesthesia. A simple modification allowed preoxygenation with 100% oxygen. Controlled ventilation with air alone was usually associated with satisfactory pulse oximetry and oxygen economy. Isoflurane was not significantly hypotensive and recovery was more rapid than with halothane/trichloroethylene. Drawover techniques with controlled ventilation were satisfactory for children as small as 6.5 kg. Overnight ventilation was instituted on three occasions, and it was found that a simple positive end expiratory pressure system could be applied to the Laerdal valve. Pulse oximetry, ECG, and automatic arterial pressure monitoring facilities were used. The total drug expenditure for all 71 anesthetics was only $178.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of data on delayed development from the 1971-72 outbreak of methylmercury poisoning in Iraq: assessment of influential points.

In this paper we report additional results from the analysis of dose-response data on delayed development from the outbreak of methylmercury poisoning in rural Iraq during the winter of 1971-72. The discussion is focused on the importance of four influential points for the estimation of the population threshold for the effects of methylmercury. The point is made that while this study was important for establishing a dose-response relationship in humans, the uncertainty in the parameters of this relationship is large, and further human studies are needed.

Child Development↗
PubMed1996

[Experience of Anesthesia in northern Iraq after the Gulf War].

After the Gulf war, I had a chance to train young local doctors in northern Iraq for two years. There were many problems in practicing anesthesia; lack of medicine, lack of oxygen supply, haphazard power failure, no monitors functioning during operation. The facility for anesthesia is not enough for the training of these young anesthetists. Therefore, the further training in a well equipped hospital in another country is mandatory for them. Unfortunately there is no such training programme for them at the moment. Japanese medical society should implement a training program in Japan, in order to provide the full training course for overseas doctors to get a consultant degree.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1977

Immunoglobulin levels in Iraq.

In a study of immunoglobulin levels in 192 apparently healthy individuals in Iraq, regional differences occur in IgE and IgG. The main levels of IgG, IgM and IgA tend to be low, and of IgE clearly elevated. It is suggested that this pattern may be explained by the presence of intestinal parasites which stimulate IgE production. The genetic differences that exist between the regional populations, and the occurrence of associations of immunoglobulin level with several polymorphic systems, suggests the possibility of a genetic element in the regional immunoglobulin differences.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1995

Concomitant natural infection with L. donovani and L. major: a case report from Iraq.

This is a case report of kala-azar with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Upon admission, the patient had fever, hepatosplenomegaly and an ulcer on her cheek. The patient responded to Pentostam. Isoenzyme studies of parasite isolates from the bone marrow and from the cutaneous lesion revealed that these were L. donovani and L. major, respectively. This is the first report in Iraq of a proven concomitant infection with two species of leishmania parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Allele frequencies of 15 autosomal STR loci in the Iraq population with comparisons to other populations from the middle-eastern region.

Allele frequencies for the 15 autosomal STR loci included in the AmpFlSTR((R)) IdentifilerTM PCR Amplification Kit panel from Applied Biosystems (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D19S433, D2S1338, D16S539) and several statistical parameters were estimated from a sample of 103 unrelated individuals, mostly Shia and Sunni Arabs, living in most of central and southern Iraq provinces. We compared the allele frequency spectrum detected in the Iraqi population to allele frequencies from 11 other data sets from published studies of individuals from Turkey, Iraqi-Kurdistan, Saudi Arabia, Arab Emarates, Oman, Iran, Syria, and Jordan. Significant global differences in allele frequencies were detected in 9 of the 11 comparisons following sequential Bonferroni corrections. Comparisons with the two independent panels from Saudi Arabia were not significant after applying Bonferroni corrections, however, low P-values (P<0.05) associated with these two contrasts nonetheless suggested that at least slight genetic differences between populations may exist.

Arabs↗
PubMed2005

A preventive pilot project addressing multiethnic tensions in the wake of the Iraq war.

This article describes a school-based preventive pilot project for recent immigrant children, designed to decrease anxiety and intergroup tensions associated with the Iraq war. Results suggest that clinicians should address the multiplicity of meanings associated with international events when planning a prevention program in multiethnic schools to help children to cope with the increasingly common gap between the ways traumatic events covered by the media are understood at home and at school.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2006

Long-term follow-up of Iranian veteran upper extremity amputees from the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988).

BACKGROUND: Despite their frequency, there are limited reports concerning long-term follow up of upper limb amputation among battle-injured patients, which occurred at a young age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well these patients function years after their injury. METHODS: The study consisted of a thorough assessment and examination and review of the history and war time medical records of 25 Iranian veteran amputees from imposed Iran-Iraq war with a comprehensive survey including a detailed questionnaire. Information was analyzed and compared with limited similar reports in the literature. RESULTS: Out of 200 war amputees there were 25 unilateral upper limb amputees; all others were lower limb amputees. The average age at the time of injury was 23.06 years, average age at follow-up was 41.55 years, and the average time between injury and follow-up was 17.5 years. The most common level of amputation was below elbow (40%), and the most common cause of war injury was artillery shells, mortar or rocket shells. The prevalence of clinical symptoms of phantom sensation, phantom pain, phantom movement and stump pain were; 64%, 32%, 20%, 24%, respectively. All patients were married (100%) and had children except one case (96%). Sixty percent of patients were employed. Thirty-six percent had a documented psychiatric history ranging from minor depression to posttraumatic stress disorders. CONCLUSION: The study showed-despite long period of time between war, amputation, and follow-up-there is a significant rate of amputation symptoms, but on the other hand good family and social function of the patients.

Adult↗