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PubMed2000

[Leisure-free time activities and walking outside their homes among the elderly in the province of Guadalajara].

OBJECTIVE: To find out what elderly people in the province of Guadalajara do in their leisure/free time and daily walking, in the supposition that these can be improved. DESIGN: This was a descriptive, crossover study based on a population-group. SETTING: At community level, in the primary care context. PARTICIPANTS: People over 65 without cognitive deterioration and resident in the community, selected at random on the basis of population data bases. The sample finally studied was made up of 192 men and 196 women from the country-side, and 172 men and 220 women from an urban background. INTERVENTIONS: Everyone was interviewed at home or the health centre according to their preferences through a questionnaire, which had undergone a stability study of the replies beforehand through the kappa test-retest coefficient. We screened cognitive deterioration through the Pfeiffer test. MAIN RESULTS: In the country, 43.6% of elderly people (CI: 38.6-48.7) walked under half an hour a day; in the urban context, 34.4% (CI: 29.8-39.4) did so. 24.7% of men (CI: 20.4-29.6) did so; and 51.4% of women (CI: 46.5-56.3). The differences were significant in the two cases. 12.1% (CI: 9.1-15.9) of elderly people in the country had no hobbies, and 9.4% (CI: 6.8-12.9) in the town. Among men and women, this broke down as 11.3% (CI: 8.3-15.1) and 10.1% (CI: 7.5-13.5). respectively. There were no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Leisure and free time activities among people over 65 in the province of Guadalajara must be fostered; but above all a daily walk for over half an hour must be encouraged.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Occupational and environmental risk factors of the myelodysplastic syndromes in the North of France.

Aetiological factors of the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are largely unknown, with the exception of alkylating agents, ionizing radiation and benzene. Some other risk factors have been suggested by the few epidemiological studies reported (solvents, ammonia, exhaust gases, metals, pesticides, alcohol). We performed a case-control study to assess the relationship between occupational or environmental factors and MDS. Two hundred and four patients with newly diagnosed MDS, and 204 sex- and age-matched controls were included. Medical history, demographic data, lifetime exposure and hobbies were obtained. Qualitative and quantitative exposure to chemical and physical hazards were evaluated with the patients and reviewed by a group of experts in occupational exposure. The median age was 70 years and 62% of the patients were men. In univariate analyses, we found relationships between MDS and smoking habits, gardening, occupations such as health professionals, technical and sale representatives, machine operators, agricultural workers, textile workers, qualitative occupational exposures (exposed/non-exposed) to oil, solvents, ammonia, pesticides, fertilizers, cereal dusts, contact with poultry or livestock and infective risk, and lifetime cumulative exposure to solvents, oil, textile dust and infective risk. The main risk factors of MDS determined by multivariate analyses (conditional logistic regression) were, being an agricultural worker [odds ratio (OR) = 3.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-7.0], textile operator (OR = 3.66; 95% CI 1.9-7.9), health professional (OR = 10.0; 95% CI 2.1-48.7), commercial and technical sale representative (OR = 4.45; 95% CI 1.4-14.6), machine operator (OR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.2-6.0), living next to an industrial plant (OR = 2.45; 95% CI 1.5-4.1), smoking (OR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.1-2.7) and lifetime cumulative exposure to oil (OR = 1.1; 95% CI 1.0-1.2). Further studies should be performed to assess specific exposures more precisely and it would be of interest to develop a map of haematological malignancies according to industrial background.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist: diagnostic performance statistics.

AIM: To review the published diagnostic performance statistics for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the wrist for tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex, the intrinsic carpal ligaments, and for osteonecrosis of the carpal bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used Medline and Embase to search the English language literature. Studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of MRI of the wrist in living patients with surgical confirmation of MR findings were identified. RESULTS: We identified 11 studies reporting the diagnostic performance of MRI for tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex for a total of 410 patients, six studies for the scapho-lunate ligament (159 patients), six studies for the luno-triquetral ligament (142 patients) and four studies (56 patients) for osteonecrosis of the carpal bones. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging is an accurate means of diagnosing tears of the triangular fibrocartilage and carpal osteonecrosis. Although MRI is highly specific for tears of the intrinsic carpal ligaments, its sensitivity is low. The diagnostic performance of MRI in the wrist is improved by using high-resolution T2* weighted 3D gradient echo sequences. Using current imaging techniques without intra-articular contrast medium, magnetic resonance imaging cannot reliably exclude tears of the intrinsic carpal ligaments. Hobby, J. L. (2001). Clinical Radiology, 56, 50-57.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed2003

Impact of temporomandibular joint pain on activities of daily living in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain on daily living in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involving the TMJ. Nineteen patients (17 F, 2 M) with a median (IQR) age of 44 (23) years were included. A scale for the influence of TMJ pain/discomfort on the activities of daily living was used. TMJ resting pain and pain upon maximum mouth opening according to a visual analog scale as well as pressure pain threshold and tenderness to digital palpation of the TMJ were assessed. Blood samples were collected to measure the level of acute phase proteins. Activities of daily living were influenced in all patients at different levels. The impact on daily living by TMJ pain/discomfort was greatest on the performance of physical exercises and jaw movements, while it was smallest on the performance of hobbies and eating. Pain during maximum mouth opening and tenderness to digital palpation were correlated to difficulties with several activities such as to yawn and open the mouth wide, while pressure pain threshold was correlated with difficulties during eating, which confirms that the pain was located in the TMJ. In conclusion, this study indicates that pain/discomfort from the TMJ in patients with RA has a significant negative impact on activities of daily living.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Scleroderma and solvent exposure among women.

Exposure to solvents has been reported to increase the risk of scleroderma. The authors investigated the relation between exposures to solvents in occupational and hobby settings and the development of scleroderma among women in a case-control study with population-based controls in Michigan (1980-1991) and Ohio (1980-1992). A total of 660 cases and 2,227 frequency-matched controls were interviewed by telephone. Diagnoses of scleroderma were verified by medical records review. Paint thinners and removers were significantly associated with scleroderma both by self-report (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 2.6) and after expert review (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.6). Other petroleum distillates (gasoline and mineral spirits) were not significantly associated with scleroderma after controlling for other correlated exposures in multivariable analyses. Trichloroethylene was associated with scleroderma both by self-report (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.8, 4.8) and after expert review (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 0.6, 6.6), but not significantly. Analyses by duration of exposure found that risk increased with the duration of use of any of the solvents (OR = 1.01/year of exposure, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.02), but there was no evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration of exposure for any specific solvent studied. In summary, exposures to paint thinners and removers were associated with scleroderma in women but showed no evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration. Exposures to other specific chlorinated and nonchlorinated hydrocarbon solvents were not clearly associated with scleroderma.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1993

Hearing conservation in the mining industry. Evaluation of a risk factor questionnaire.

The objectives of this study were to assess the validity of a self-administered hearing questionnaire in the assessment of risk to hearing, to amend the questionnaire design as necessary, and to give general guidance on the use of audiometric questionnaires in hearing conservation programmes. The study was carried out at a colliery in Staffordshire. The odds of deafness, according to the Health and Safety Executive definition, were analysed by exposure to the hearing risk variables in the questionnaire. The results of the hearing questionnaire were linked to a cross-sectional audiometric survey. There were 189 questionnaires eligible for inclusion. Noise exposure at work was reasonably well predicted by having to shout at work (OR 1.42, 95 per cent CI 0.58-3.54) and being exposed to noisy tools and machinery (OR 2.12, 95 percent CI 0.72-6.72). Risk to hearing from disease was predicted by having 'abnormal' hearing or discharging ears, but not by any of the other exposure variables. Risk to hearing from acoustic trauma was demonstrated for fire-arms (OR 1.23, 95 per cent CI 0.5-2.98). None of the hobbies included in the questionnaire usefully predicted hearing loss. The conclusions are that, contrary to Health and Safety Executive advice, audiometric questionnaires may reasonably be administered to all employees, as they are useful in the documentation of hearing loss risk factors. They should not, however, be used to detect ear disease. A revised questionnaire was drafted as the result of these findings, and will be piloted in a larger population.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1996

Tool-related injuries among amateur and professional woodworkers.

Although woodworking is a popular hobby and the woodworking industry employs thousands of workers nationwide, few studies have examined injuries associated with this activity, especially in relation to woodshop tool use. We conducted a survey of amateur and professional woodworkers (n = 283) in New Mexico to determine histories and rates of tool-specific injuries. Injuries associated with woodshop tool use were reported by 64% of all respondents. Hammers, chisels/gouges, and table saws were most frequently reported in association with injuries, although the highest tool-specific injury rates were associated with use of jointer-planers (4.9 injuries per 1000 person-hours of use), chisels/ gouges (3.3 injuries), and drill presses (3.1 injuries). One third reported tool use-associated injuries that were severe enough to require professional medical attention; 5% of all respondents suffered partial amputations. Courses in the safe use of shop tools may help to reduce rates of injuries among woodworkers.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2025

The Role of Community Science in DNA-Based Biodiversity Monitoring.

The mutual interest in nature by the general public and scientists has led to many collaborations, past and present. Community science shows great potential for monitoring species occurrences and distributions, especially in combination with scalable and (semi)-automated methods such as DNA-based monitoring, helping to obtain data from a broader geographic and temporal range than would be possible by the scientific community alone. Here, we present an overview of the complementarity between community science and DNA-based biomonitoring through examples from ongoing projects. The involvement of hobby experts is particularly crucial for building up the necessary species reference databases that enable DNA-based monitoring. Based on this overview, we identify some key points related to learning opportunities and participant recognition to maximise the success, impact and benefit of community participants in DNA-based monitoring.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2004

Sex, perceptions of attractiveness, and sensation seeking and ratings of the likelihood of having sexually transmitted diseases.

Association of attractiveness, sex, and sensation seeking with perceptions of sexually transmitted diseases were examined. Subjects (64 women and 56 men) were given a picture and brief description of a target and asked to rate the accuracy of statements based on information provided. Pictures depicted a man or woman previously rated as attractive or unattractive by volunteers. The hobbies listed skydiving and rock climbing for high sensation seekers and reading and listening to music for low sensation seekers. Analysis indicated a significant three-way interaction with the attractive male targets described as high sensation-seeking and being perceived by men as most likely to have a sexually transmitted disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Neck and shoulder symptoms and leisure time activities in high school students.

There is a lot of evidence in the adult population to show that neck and shoulder symptoms are associated with static working postures. It has also been suggested that dynamic load reveals neck and shoulder symptoms. The purpose of this study was to describe the occurrence of neck and shoulder pain and its association with static and dynamic load in various types of leisure time activity in high school students. Seven hundred eighteen students filled out a questionnaire concerning neck and shoulder pain, leisure time activities, and utilization of health services. The participants were classified into three groups according to the severity of neck and shoulder symptoms, which was based on frequency of symptoms. The girls had significantly more neck and shoulder symptoms, and they sought medical care more often than the boys. The girls participating in sports involving dynamic use of the upper extremities had significantly fewer symptoms than those having hobbies involving static postures of the upper limbs or those practicing other types of physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Stress in journalists (author's transl)].

The stress problems of 227 Swiss journalists with a mean age of 43 years (189 men) and 39 years (38 women) were recorded by means of questionnaires (76% returns). About 90% of all those questioned admitted suffering from stress at the present time. However 88% of the juniors and 96% of the seniors enjoy their work. 20% of all those questioned were anxious about their livelihood. 97% of the total live under pressure of deadlines, only one in 3 has regular working hours. Half the younger and two fifths of the older men admitted some form of family stress, usually in connection with their occupation. 76% of the younger and 70% of the older journalists questioned have a hobby. 70% of the juniors occasionally take exercise, as do 48% of the seniors. About 50% of both the men and women are smokers. The general state of health is stated to be good by 80% of younger and 70% of older subjects. A comparison of the results according to occupational stress, work stress, deadline stress, stress of livelihood, stress of recognition, family stress and stress to health shows that only a very differentiated manner of consideration is permissible.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Study of life satisfaction and quality of life of patients receiving home oxygen therapy.

An investigation was conducted by mail using a questionnaire regarding the life satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) of patients receiving home oxygen therapy (HOT) to evaluate their support. QOL was evaluated according to 4 scales: (1) activities, (2) state of health and quality of living, (3) physical symptoms, and (4) economic state. The answers of 90 patients (recovery rate: 60%) who responded to the investigation were analyzed, and the following points were clarified. 1. Most of the subjects visited the hospital regularly, and about half the subjects (50.6%) had been treated by hospitalization during the 3 years prior to the investigation. 2. A large majority of the subjects (77.4%) answered they were satisfied with life. 3. Life satisfaction was closely related to the patients' roles and hobbies, and their activities in their communities and families. 4. The quality of living and the state of health were closely related to mental activity. 5. The economic state was closely related to all items of life satisfaction, quality of living, and state of health. From these results, expansion of the range of activities of patients receiving HOT and providing an economic basis for their living as well as preventing exacerbation of the disease are considered to be important for improving their life satisfaction.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of biological indicators of mercury exposure].

BACKGROUND: It was considered appropriate to update of the significance and use of the different mercury exposure indicators. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the this paper was to correctly select biological media and sampling time and to understand the toxic kinetics of mercury for assessment of accurate biological monitoring. RESULTS: It was confirmed that mercury in blood (B-Hg) is a good indicator of recent exposure, while urinary mercury (U-Hg) indicates current exposure when mercury reaches the renal steady state. B-Hg values are greatly influenced by fish consumption, while the variables influencing U-Hg values are amalgam fillings, commercial gamma-globulin preparations, vaccines, topical remedies, environmental pollution and hobbies, occupational exposure and, partly, fish consumption. The speciation of mercury (Hg0, Hg++, methylmercury and ethylmercury) in biological media, should provide additional and important information in evaluating mercury toxicity. CONCLUSION: It was stressed that the appropriate choice of exposure indicators has to take account of the different variability factors and the characteristics of the toxic kinetics of mercury. The results of biological monitoring must be compared with references values, which are generally in the order of several micrograms/g creatinine, and limit values such as ACGIH BEI (U-Hg 35 micrograms/g creatinine and B-Hg 15 micrograms/l) or the DFG BAT (U-Hg 100 micrograms/l and B-Hg 25 micrograms/l).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The burden of obesity on everyday life: a role for osteoarticular and respiratory diseases.

The burden of obesity on patients' everyday life is high; obese subjects perceive a poor Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) in both physical and mental dimensions. We aimed to identify the areas of everyday life limited by health status and factors mainly responsible for perceived problems. The Nottingham Health Profile questionnaire (NHP) was used in 274 obese subjects seeking treatment at a university-based obesity center. Values were compared with normative Italian data, corrected for age and sex. Anthropometric and clinical data were also recorded, and correlated with health status. All domains of NHP were significantly impaired in obesity, the effect size ranging from 0.14 (Emotional Reactions; p = 0.02) to 0.99 (Physical Mobility; p < 0.0001), and varying in relation to gender, age and obesity class. Female subjects reported a higher-than-expected prevalence of problems in most areas of daily life [from 20% (Paid Employment) to 44% (Jobs around the home), compared with 14-26% in controls]. Males reported a high prevalence of problems in Sex life (31%), Holidays (37%) and Hobbies (49%), compared with 14, 14, and 16% in controls, respectively. Logistic regression analysis identified osteoarticular pain (knee and hip pain) and respiratory diseases as major factors predicting a poor HRQL in its physical dimensions, or perceived problems in everyday life. The relative importance of knee pain was higher than that of hip pain. Osteoarticular and respiratory diseases are major determinants of poor HRQL in obesity. Prevention strategies and treatment of somatic diseases are mandatory for a comprehensive approach to obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Explosive "Roman find"].

A case of a 40-year-old hobby archeologist is presented who searched for remains from Roman times. After finding an oblong, cylindrical object, he opened it with a saw to examine it, which triggered an explosion killing the man. The technical investigation of the remains showed that the find was actually a grenade from the 2nd World War. The autopsy findings and the results of the criminological investigation are presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lead poisoning from art restoration and pottery work: unusual exposure source and household risk.

Two cases of lead poisoning following exposures in the arts and crafts environment are presented. The first illustrates the impact of an unusual exposure source experienced by a female art conservator while restoring an antique Peruvian tapestry from the Chancay Period (A.D. 1000-1500). The second demonstrates the extension to the artist's family members of a lead hazard associated with pottery work. Noted were a wide spectrum of clinical and biochemical abnormalities, ranging from severe neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms to subtle alterations in the biosynthetic pathway of heme. Marked elevation of the blood lead level (up to 130 mcg/100 mL) was found in the most severe case of lead poisoning. The cases illustrate the need for industrial hygiene measures in this type of work in order to prevent lead intoxication, both in the adult artist and children in the household. However, in some instances of increased lead absorption in persons with lead-related hobbies, sources other than those associated with arts and crafts should be investigated. This alternative is illustrated by a third case, in which firearms training was the more likely source of excessive exposure. Multiple occupational factors must occasionally be considered in evaluating increased lead absorption.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Australian doctors and the visual arts. Part 1. Doctor-artists in New South Wales.

Since Europeans first settled in Australia their doctors have been interested in the visual arts. Some have been hobby painters and sculptors, a few with great distinction. Some have been gallery supporters and administrators. A few have written art books. Some have been outstanding photographers. Of the larger number of doctors who have collected art, only those are mentioned who have made their collections public or have made important donations to galleries. The subject of Australian doctors and the visual arts will be discussed in six articles in this and following issues of the journal. The first deals with doctor-artists in New South Wales.

Art↗