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PubMed2026

Longitudinal comparison of treat-to-target states and clinical outcomes in patients with late-onset versus early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: We compared demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with late-onset (LO) and early-onset (EO) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and examined their longitudinal associations with treatment targets and long-term outcomes, irreversible organ damage accrual and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: We analyzed prospectively collected data from patients enrolled in the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration cohort. Patients diagnosed with SLE at age >50 years were classified as LO-SLE and compared with those diagnosed at age ≤50 years (EO-SLE). Longitudinal associations with treatment targets (LLDAS and DORIS remission), organ damage accrual (SLICC/ACR Damage Index), and HRQoL (SF36v2 physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS) scores) were examined using multivariable multilevel logistic, recurrent-event survival, and linear mixed-effects models, respectively. Disease activity, flares, medication exposure, and other clinical characteristics were also compared between groups. RESULTS: Among 3,917 patients studied, 346 (8.8%) had LO-SLE. Compared with EO-SLE, patients with LO-SLE had lower disease activity, lower glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant exposure, and higher attainment of treatment targets; LO-SLE was associated with higher odds of attaining LLDAS (OR: 2.33 (1.66, 3.28)) and DORIS remission (OR: 2.22 (1.45, 3.38)). However, they were at a greater risk of damage accrual (HR:1.82 (1.50, 2.21)) and lower PCS scores, meaning poorer physical health (regression coefficient (RC) = -3.63 (-4.58, -2.68)) but not MCS (RC= 0.68 (-.50, 1.86)). CONCLUSION: Despite higher attainment of treatment targets, patients with LO-SLE experienced greater damage accrual and poorer physical health, suggesting that disease activity targets alone may not fully capture outcome risk in LO-SLE.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Silent crises in the COVID-19 pandemic shadow: a six-year medico-legal review of non-lethal intimate partner violence in Morocco.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major global public health concern and one of the most prevalent forms of gender-based violence, with significant consequences. This study analyzes non-lethal IPV cases reported to a medico-legal unit of Casablanca between 2018 and 2023. Data from 4,784 female victims were reviewed, focusing on socio-demographics, violence types, perpetrator relationships, and judicial involvement across the pre-COVID, peak COVID-19, and post-COVID periods. Married women represented 59.2% of victims. Physical violence predominated (83.1%), while sexual violence was underreported (14.7%). The year 2020 marked a sharp increase in reported non-lethal IPV cases (n = 1,005), correlating with pandemic confinement. Among married women, judicial requisition (legal request for forensic examination) and medico-legal certification (medical documentation for judicial use) rates were high (81.5% and 81.0%, respectively). Post-pandemic years declined moderately but remained above pre-COVID levels. International comparison confirmed a global rise in IPV during COVID-19, with Morocco displaying comparatively higher rates of medico-legal documentation and judicial involvement. IPV in Morocco is entrenched and intensified by COVID-19. While the medico-legal system is robust in documentation, the system must evolve by integrating systematic psychological assessment into medico-legal evaluations, standardizing certification and referral protocols, and strengthening coordination between medico-legal, health, and social support services to improve victim protection.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

A narrative systematic review of definitions and diagnostic criteria for disordered eating and eating disorders in type 1 diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Type 1 diabetes and disordered eating (T1DE) affects 8-37.1% of adults and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The absence of a standardised case definition of T1DE and its severity hinders effective screening, diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review aimed to (1) synthesise existing case definitions and diagnostic criteria for T1DE in adults and (2) identify key characteristics to inform consensus for future diagnostic criteria. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies involved adults (≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes assessing disordered eating; paediatric studies, mixed samples without disaggregated data, non-empirical designs and non-English publications were excluded. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched up to November 2025 for peer-reviewed studies involving adults with T1DE. Qualitative and quantitative data on definitions, diagnostic criteria and assessment tools were extracted. Study quality was appraised using a modified Graphical Appraisal Tool for Epidemiological studies (GATE) checklist. Due to heterogeneity of data, a narrative synthesis of findings was performed to describe current definitions of T1DE. RESULTS: Sixty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, with a pooled sample of 111,208 participants (76% women) from over 22 countries. T1DE was defined using a heterogeneous array of terms, diagnostic frameworks and assessment tools (29 distinct methods). The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) was the most used questionnaire, but many studies relied on criteria adapted from general eating disorder classifications or generic questionnaires. Approximately three-quarters of the studies assessed insulin omission behaviours, but the operationalisation of the cognitions for insulin omission varied widely. Beyond physiological markers such as HbA1c and BMI, studies explored various diabetes-related and psychological constructs, although often considering diabetes and disordered eating separately rather than as an integrated condition. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: This systematic review highlights the lack of a unified, evidence-based definition of T1DE, resulting in inconsistent screening, diagnostic and reporting practices. Establishing clear, consistent, evidence-based diagnostic criteria and screening questionnaires for T1DE is critical to improving early detection and developing targeted interventions. These findings provide a foundation for refining T1DE definitions as a stepping stone to an international consensus definition. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD420250223622 FUNDING: King's College London and King's College Hospital through the KMRT KCH Joint Research Committee studentship. This work was also conducted as part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; CS-2017-17-023)-funded STEADY project (Safe management of people with Type 1 diabetes and EAting Disorders studY). NZ's salary was part-funded by the NIHR via the NIHR Clinician Scientist award to MS; JT and KI are part-funded by the NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. MS was funded through her NIHR Clinician Scientist Fellowship (CS-2017-17-023).

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Contact tracing for hepatitis C: perspectives of people with experience of substance use and hepatitis C on intervention acceptability.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the UK, the principal risk factor for HCV is injecting drug use. The introduction of direct acting anti-virals (DAA's) have transformed HCV care, with cure rates of over 95%. However, HCV is often asymptomatic, and reinfection is a concern. Modelling and real-life studies demonstrate the potential effectiveness of a contact tracing approach for finding people who have acquired HCV through injecting drug use. However, it is not used routinely in the UK. This qualitative study was undertaken to assess the acceptability of a contact tracing approach to identify people who have injected drugs with an index patient recently diagnosed with HCV. METHODS: Twelve people with lived or living experience of injecting drug use and an HCV diagnosis were interviewed using semi-structured interview topic guides. Participants were purposefully selected according to the inclusion criteria and to ensure there was an even spread of male and female participants. Sekhon's Theoretical Framework of Acceptability, incorporating seven components (affective attitude, burden, ethicality, intervention coherence, opportunity cost, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy) was used to analyse data from interview transcripts. RESULTS: A sample of 12 people who inject drugs in the UK indicated that a contact tracing approach was acceptable across two components of Sekhon's acceptability framework: affective attitude and ethicality. Participants broadly found the idea of tracing people who may be at risk of contracting HCV acceptable, and the approach aligned with their value systems. A contact tracing approach would help alleviate concerns about putting other people's lives at risk through HCV transmission and was seen as a 'sensible' way of finding people at risk. However, there were caveats to this acceptability. Contact tracing approaches delivered by mainstream health, or governmental organisations increased burden, opportunity costs and perceived effectiveness of a contact tracing approach for HCV, particularly within contexts of exclusion and criminalisation of people who inject drugs. Burden and opportunity costs were also affected by individual experiences and risks of violence, sexual violence and abuse. There was a lack of knowledge of contact tracing approaches amongst respondents, leading to a lack of intervention coherence and misunderstandings of what contact tracing was and how it would work. Trusted relationships with NGOs and HCV specialist nurses reduced burden and increased confidence and ability (self-efficacy) to engage with a contact tracing approach. CONCLUSION: People who inject drugs broadly perceive contact tracing as an acceptable method of finding people who are at risk of HCV. However, this acceptability is based on specific modes of delivery through trusted organisations. Findings further highlight the importance of naming and describing contact tracing approaches appropriately, as well as assessing and mitigating against potential risk to index patients, to increase self-efficacy and capacity to engage. Considering these findings, the potential for expanding existing contact tracing approaches should be explored to ensure the UK reaches and maintains its elimination targets.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Metformin Adherence and Risk of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An International Matched Cohort Study with Independent Validation.

BACKGROUND: Metformin is a popular first-line glucose-lowering medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although metformin reduces the risks of various complications of diabetes, its potential to cause polyneuropathy by depleting vitamin B12 levels is concerning. This study investigated whether the adherence or discontinuation of metformin after adding-on a second-line antiglycemic agent increases the risk of polyneuropathy in patients with T2DM. METHODS: Data from TriNetX were obtained, and patients with T2DM who were receiving second-line antiglycemic agents were divided into metformin-adherent and metformin-nonadherent groups based on prescription claims data. Neuropathy incidence was evaluated using diagnostic claims and nerve conduction examinations. For independent confirmation and external validation of the primary findings, we used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. RESULTS: After matching, 58,027 patients were included in each group. Compared with metformin adherent patients, metformin nonadherent patients had a higher risk of polyneuropathy (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.29; P < 0.001). Risks of diabetic foot ulcer, amputation, neuropathy-related medication use, and bone fracture were also higher among nonadherent patients. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings. In the validation NHIRD cohort (31,384 matched pairs), metformin nonadherence remained associated with increased polyneuropathy risk (aHR 1.25; 95% CI 1.10-1.42; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Metformin adherence in patients with T2DM who require second-line treatment may reduce the risk of polyneuropathy; vitamin B supplementation may enhance this benefit.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation Program on Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Forgiveness Tendencies of Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study examined the effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation program on mindfulness, self-compassion, and forgiveness in patients with bipolar disorder using a pretest-posttest randomized controlled experimental design. The study sample comprised of 40 patients (experimental group, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;20; control group, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;20). A mindfulness-based psychoeducation program was administered to the experimental group, while no intervention was administered to the control group. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Mindfulness Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form, and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale. The study revealed that the experimental group's mean scores on the mindfulness, self-compassion, and forgiveness scales following the intervention were significantly higher than those of the control group (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.05). This study found that a mindfulness-based psychoeducation program increased mindfulness, self-compassion, and forgiveness in patients with bipolar disorder. The findings are limited to a small outpatient sample from a single CMHC and may not be generalizable to hospitalized patients with more severe clinical presentations. Mindfulness-based educational programs may enhance mental health, improve illness insight, support symptom management, and strengthen social functioning in individuals with bipolar disorder. The results emphasize the importance of integrating these programs into treatment processes and reveal the necessity for psychiatric nurses to actively implement mindfulness-based interventions. Psychiatric nurses should consider incorporating mindfulness-based techniques into their practice to improve the mental health of individuals with bipolar disorder, better understand the disorder, control symptoms, and improve social interactions.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

CanDo (Canadian Donor Milk) randomised controlled trial: pasteurised human donor milk supplementation in the well-baby unit - protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Mother's milk is the gold standard for feeding newborns. Despite lactation support while in hospital, supplementation rates remain high in Canadian well-baby units at 35-50%. When supplementation is needed, the choice between formula milk and pasteurised human donor milk (donor milk) remains uncertain with a lack of clinical trials to inform this practice. This study aims to compare the effect of supplementing mother's milk with donor milk versus formula in infants at higher risk for supplementation (infants of diabetic mothers, infants born small for gestational age or with a birth weight less than 2.5&#x2009;kg and late preterm infants born between 350/7 and 366/7 weeks gestation). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is an ongoing, open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial conducted at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. A total of 112 infants (56 per group) will be randomised to receive donor milk or infant formula as a supplement to mother's milk during their initial hospital stay, when supplementation is deemed necessary by the family and/or healthcare team. The primary outcome is exclusive human milk feeding at 4 months of age. Secondary outcomes include any or exclusive human milk feeding at 1, 2 and 3 months; infant growth and health indicators and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Exploratory outcomes encompass infant temperament; parental mental health (assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale); milk cortisol concentrations; and informal milk sharing comparing donor milk and formula supplementation. Follow-up includes monthly telephone assessments and a virtual or in-person visit at 4 months post partum. Data will be analysed using intention-to-treat principles. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The CanDo trial has received ethics approval from the Mount Sinai Hospital Research Ethics Board and the University of Toronto. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and stakeholder engagement with hospital and public health decision-makers. Findings will address a critical evidence gap regarding the use of donor milk supplementation in well-baby units and may inform future clinical practice and policy in newborn feeding. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06315127.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Exploring Primary Care Clinicians' Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Delivery to Male Adolescents and Young Adults.

INTRODUCTION: Despite existing guidance for adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care, male adolescent SRH care receipt is inadequate. Limited research has explored factors affecting clinicians' provision of SRH care to male adolescents, specifically. METHODS: This mixed-method study with 12 primary care clinicians included a brief survey assessing care delivery practices and confidence, followed by an in-depth interview to explore factors affecting SRH care delivery. RESULTS: Clinicians reported high confidence delivering male adolescent SRH care (mean &#xb1; SD: 8.31 &#xb1; 1.71 out of 10), but delivered only about half the recommended services (20 items out of 38). Factors influencing care delivery included gaps in education/training, assumptions about male SRH care, and behavioral constraints at various levels. DISCUSSION: Findings underscore the need to strengthen male adolescent SRH care by enhancing provider training, increasing clinic-level supports, and addressing structural barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Findings can inform strategies to improve the quality and comprehensiveness of SRH services for male adolescents in primary care settings.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Depression is a leading cause of global disability, and identifying modifiable lifestyle factors is a public health priority. We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies examining the association between fruit and vegetable intake and incident depression. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched through November 2025. Data on study characteristics, dietary assessment, outcomes, effect estimates, and covariates were independently extracted by two reviewers. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs), and linear and non-linear dose-response relationships were assessed. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2, and evidence certainty was rated with GRADE. Thirteen cohorts with 385,449 participants and 26,592 depression cases were included. Highest versus lowest combined fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a 37% lower risk of depression (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.80). Each 200&#xa0;g/day increase corresponded to a 16% risk reduction (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.94). Separate analyses showed that fruit and vegetable intake reduced depression risk by 16% and 12%, respectively, with a non-linear dose-response for vegetables. These findings indicate that higher consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with lower depression risk, supporting dietary strategies as a potential approach for mental health prevention. However, given the observational nature of the included studies, these results should be interpreted with caution, as residual confounding may partially account for the observed associations. Registration: This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD420261279998).

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Identifying and Prioritizing Core Components of Relationship Education Programs: a Case Study of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assisted Systematic Review.

The field of prevention science seeks to identify and implement effective strategies to address social, emotional, and health challenges. A critical aspect of this endeavor is determining the core components of prevention programs that drive positive outcomes. This article presents a case study utilizing artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted systematic review methods to identify key components of healthy marriage and relationship education programs. Given the growing body of research in this domain, AI tools offer a promising means to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of literature reviews. This study employed AI to screen, code, and validate research articles, demonstrating its effectiveness in expediting systematic reviews while maintaining high accuracy in inclusion screening. This case study involved a systematic review of 22,028 resources (identified from PsycINFO, Academic Search Ultimate, and Google) and a final data set of 268 relevant studies. AI screening was integral in effectively conducting multiple rounds of screening. However, findings also highlight challenges in AI-assisted qualitative data abstraction, underscoring the continued need for human expertise in complex coding tasks. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on integrating AI into prevention science methodologies and offers insights for optimizing AI applications in systematic reviews.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2025

The effects of haptonomy and virtual reality, anxiety, prenatal attachment and acceptance of pregnancy in unplanned pregnancy.

AIM: Unplanned pregnancies are an important public health problem that negatively affects the health of women and babies. This study aimed to determine the effects of haptonomy and virtual reality on anxiety, prenatal attachment and acceptance of pregnancy in unplanned pregnancies. Haptonomy, a touch-based bonding technique, and virtual reality, an immersive fetal visualisation tool, were used as interventions. METHODS: The sample of this randomised controlled study consisted of 217 pregnant women (haptonomy: 73, virtual reality: 72 and control: 72) who applied to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient clinics of a public hospital in eastern Turkey between July 2020 and April 2021. For both experimental groups, four interviews were conducted with the pregnant women between the 24thand32nd gestational weeks at intervals of 7-10&#x2009;days. Data were collected on pregnancy-related anxiety, prenatal attachment and pregnancy acceptance. Group differences were analysed using appropriate statistical comparisons. RESULTS: Pregnancy-related anxiety was lower, and acceptance of pregnancy was higher in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). Prenatal attachment level was higher in the haptonomy and virtual reality groups compared to the control group (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). Notably, prenatal attachment scores were significantly higher in the haptonomy group compared to the virtual reality group (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). CONCLUSION: In unplanned pregnancies, imagining the baby through haptonomy and imagining the baby through virtual reality are techniques that reduce the level of anxiety related to pregnancy and increase the level of prenatal attachment and acceptance of pregnancy. Especially haptonomy showed a higher effect on prenatal attachment.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Exploring Implementation of Cantonese Radio Broadcasting as a Mental Health Promotion Initiative for Linguistically Isolated Immigrants.

Digital-first public health efforts often miss linguistically isolated immigrant communities because of structural barriers and stigma. Ethnic legacy media can reach these groups, but keeping programs funded and operational over the long term is frequently difficult. This Practice Note examines a Cantonese-language radio health program in "Los Angeles County" that ran 128 live broadcasts across a full 12-year Chinese zodiac cycle. Instead of a top-down clinical model, the show endured by acting as an informal community navigation hub. We examine two recurring administrative frictions: anonymous off-air calls about urgent economic needs (e.g., hotel job referrals) and on-air audience corrections of mispronounced medical terms. We argue these interactions should be seen not as disruptions but as measurable indicators of structural trust that sustain programs. We offer practical guidance for recruiting undergraduates to expand reach via ethnic print newspapers, using peer-recovery milestones to amplify impact. The note concludes with a pragmatic blueprint for health educators to manage professional boundaries, preserve commercial-clinical separation, and uphold cultural safety in isolated communities.

Chinese American health↗
PubMed2026

Public health, public protest: The role of health burdens and healthcare access in protest mobilisation.

Health and politics are intertwined, yet few studies have examined the association between health and protest. This study examined whether population health burdens were associated with protest incidence and whether healthcare access modified these associations. Analysis was based on an unbalanced 2004-2023 country-year panel, combining protest counts from ACLED with rates for 22 GBD causes. Mixed-effects negative-binomial models estimated incidence-rate ratios (IRRs) with interactions for healthcare access (&#xb1;1 SD). Two-way fixed-effects Poisson models were estimated as a benchmark to distinguish cross-national associations from within-country dynamics. Health burdens were systematically, but heterogeneously, associated with protest. Rates for several non-communicable burdens were associated with protest, notably musculoskeletal disorders (IRR 1.72, 95% CI 1.37-2.15), neoplasms (1.24, 1.06-1.44), substance-use disorders (1.32, 1.12-1.56) and HIV/AIDS and other STIs (1.24, 1.12-1.38). Higher healthcare access generally attenuated health-protest associations. Fixed-effects models confirmed several associations (e.g. HIV/AIDS, neoplasms) but revealed that others (e.g. maternal/neonatal disorders, enteric infections) were driven primarily by cross-national differences. Population health burdens were associated with cross-national variation in protest mobilisation. Chronic, non-communicable burdens were associated with heightened protest, whereas poverty-linked and early-life burdens were associated with lower mobilisation. Healthcare access was associated with attenuation of these relationships.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Civil liability in oral & maxillofacial surgery: &#x391; systematic review.

Maxillofacial surgery is a surgical specialty with anatomical, functional, and aesthetic requirements, which makes it a field at increased risk of medical negligence and subsequent legal claims. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and used international medical and legal databases. Studies that analyzed court decisions, insurance claims, or recorded compensation data related to maxillofacial surgery were included. The extracted data included, among others, the year and country of publication, the causes of action, and the amounts of financial compensation. Most lawsuits originate from countries with developed medical liability systems, primarily the United States and the United Kingdom, and there has been an increasing trend in publications over the last two decades. The most common causes of lawsuits involve nerve injuries, delayed or incorrect diagnoses, technical errors during surgery, and inadequate informed consent. The amounts of compensation vary widely, from lower five-digit amounts in milder cases to particularly high amounts in cases of permanent functional or aesthetic damage, placing a significant overall financial burden on health systems. Medical negligence in maxillofacial surgery constitutes an important forensic and socioeconomic issue. Understanding the causes of lawsuits and their financial consequences can help improve clinical practice, inform patients, and prevent legal disputes.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The psychosocial supports and interventions accessed by family members of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A systematic review.

AIM: Family members of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) face profound emotional, social and practical challenges, yet little is known about how they access psychosocial support. We synthesised the literature on the psychosocial support accessed by family members of patients with DEEs, including evidence-based interventions. METHOD: Four databases were searched. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, appraised study quality (QualSyst Tool), and determined certainty of evidence (GRADE-CERQual Framework). Data were synthesised using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: 28 papers comprising 27 unique studies were included and methodological quality was high overall (median&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.91, IQR&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.85-1.00). Most studies focused on parent experiences; only two included siblings' perspectives. Families reported high psychological needs which were rarely met by psychological support. Clinicians rarely provided adequate information, quality communication or addressed mental health. Families valued respite care, but experienced barriers to access. Peer support was the most common and valued resource. Three studies tested interventions and appeared feasible and acceptable for parents. However, evidence for intervention effectiveness is preliminary and limited to small, uncontrolled pilot studies. INTERPRETATION: Gaps exist in psychosocial support provision for families of patients with DEEs, including insufficient research on siblings' and grandparents' needs, and lack of evidence-based interventions. We propose evidence-informed research and implementation strategies to address these gaps.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Nourishing collaboration: interdisciplinary nutrition education for health care professionals.

Nutrition education remains insufficient in many health care professional training programs despite the central role of diet in the prevention and management of chronic disease. Contemporary nutrition science increasingly recognizes that dietary behaviors and health outcomes are shaped by complex interactions among biological, behavioral, environmental, and food system factors. This perspective proposes an interdisciplinary framework for nutrition education that integrates the complementary expertise of physicians, dietitians, chefs, and farmers. By bridging clinical care, nutrition science, culinary practice, and agricultural systems, such an approach may strengthen the translation of evidence into practice, improve nutrition-related competencies among health care professionals, and ultimately enhance population health outcomes.

Humans↗