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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Hemostatic aerosol for emergent management of artery rupture].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the hemostatic aerosol (HA) for emergent management of artery rupture in pigs. METHODS: Thirty pigs were used to establish animal models of complete femoral artery rupture by cutting off the arteries. The pigs were divided equally into 3 groups according to the hemostatic measures taken before the application of HA, namely HA spray alone, temporary hemostasis by compressing the wound with fingers, or tourniquet in another group, before HA sprays. In the late groups the finger compression or tournigut was removed 10 min after HA spray. The main indexes including average arterial blood pressure (AABP), times of spray, hemostatic time, time for membrane formation and the thickness of the HA membrane shaped while spraying, and the success rates of each method, were assessed 12 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The rate of successful hemostasis achieved by tourniquet and HA spray was 90%, 30% by finger compression and HA spray, and only 10% by direct HA spray. CONCLUSIONS: For complete artery rupture, application of tourniquet for temporary hemostasis 10 min before HA spay can be the best choice for emergent management of artery rupture.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2004

[Application hemostatic drug in capillary-parenchymatous bleeding].

Specific activity of a new hemostatic drug thrombocol was studied in experiments. Laboratory rabbits were used for management of experimental capillary-parenchymatous hemorrhage. The action of thrombocol was compared with hemostatic effect of other drugs: carbocol, combutek-2, super-4 (USA), collastipt (Germany), collagen sponge (Germany). It was found that thrombocol was highly hygroscopic, showed good adhesion to wounded surface, high plasticity and better hemostatic effect compared with other collagen-containing drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Experimental study on hemostatic effect of flos sophorae and its extracts].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the hemostatic effect of Flos Sophorae in crude, parched and carbonized forms and its extracts, including rutin, quercetin and tannin. METHODS: All the testing samples were orally administered to the experimental animals for 5 days, then the bleeding time (BT), coagulation time (CT), platelet count and capillary permeability (CP) in the treated mice were tested, and the prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FBG) content and platelet aggregation rate (PAR) in the treated rats were determined. RESULTS: All the samples could lower the CP, BT and CT in mice and also decrease the plasma PT in rats. All three forms of Flos Sophorae could increase FBG in rats, while the three extracts of it could inhibit the PAR in rats obviously. In addition, rutin had the effect of raising the platelet count. CONCLUSION: All the three forms and three extracts of Flos Sophorae have hemostatic effect, the effect of parched and carbonized form is higher than that of crude drug. The mechanism of the hemostatic effect of the six kinds of sample might be various.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Research on hemostatic effect of total saponins of yinfenglun].

OBJECTIVE: To research the hemostatic effect of total saponins of Yinfenglun. METHOD: Bleeding time and volume were deteminded in mice after tails being cut. Clotting times were researched on mice, rats and dogs. Hemostatic mechanism total saponins of Yinfenglun were studied on plasma recalcified time, PT, KPTT and ELT. RESULT: TSY at different doses could markedly shorten bleeding time, reduce bleeding volume in mice. TSY also could shorten clotting time of mouse, rat and dog. TSY could influence both intrinsic coagulatian system and extrinsic coagulatian system,and had no effect of antifibrinolysis. CONCLUSION: There were obvious hemostatic effect of total saponins of Yinfenglun.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the efficacy of a new generation of hemostatic collagen compresses. Results of a multicenter prospective study in visceral surgery and neurosurgery].

The hemostatic potential, tolerance and handiness of a new generation of hemostatic sheets (Hemostagene) were compared with those of reference collagen sheets in a randomized parallel-group multicenter study. Both types of hemostatic sheets, issued from calf derm, have been evaluated in digestive and neurosurgical pathologies. The comparability of both groups (52 patients in the Hemostagene group A, 54 in the reference group B) has been verified on morphological data, coagulation records and hemostasis conditions. The time required to achieve hemostasis was slightly, yet not significantly, shorter in group A (3 min 27 sec) than with the reference sheet (4 min 10 sec). This new sheet was judged significantly handier than the reference sheet. Adherence to the gloves and instruments was very significantly (p less than 0.0001) more frequent in the reference group B than in the group A. Both collagen sheets have quite similar clinical, biological and immunological tolerances which confirms the literature data. So, this new sheet, together with an hemostasis at least as good as the one obtained with the reference sheet, brings a highly improved handiness.

Bandages↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical studies on topical hemostat Avitene in urological surgery].

Avitene (Microfibrillar Collagen Hemostat) is a new absorbable topical hemostatic agent, of which action mechanisms are platelet entrapment and activation of platelet clotting factors. It was used clinically on 11 patients for bleeding during urological surgery; bleeding from renal beds, resectional surfaces of kidney, urethras and floor of the pelvis, prostatic capsule and renal pelvis. The patients were 9 males and 2 females aged from 30 to 71 years old. Avitene was applied directly to the source of bleeding in a dry condition after the treatment of large vessel hemostasis. Pressure was applied to the area, and after 3 to 5 minutes, the excess of this material was removed. Avitene was successful in rapidly controlling bleeding in all the patients. No patient had secondary bleeding and complications attributed to the use of this material. This study indicates that Avitene is very effective as a topical hemostatic agent, particularly in urological surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Research on hemostatic constituents in carbonized Schizonepeta tenuifolia Brig].

It has been shown that the fatsoluble extract SeE from carbonized Schizonepeta tenuifolia has an obvious hemostatic action. In a given range of dose there is a significant linear correlation between the logarithms of its doses and the reciprocal of the bleeding and coagulating times in mice. Obvious hemostatic action was observed after mice had been administered in ip and po respectively for 0.5h and 1h. The hemostatic time of the former was 6h and the latter 12h. The LD50 of StE in po was 2.652 +/- 0.286 g/kg, while in ip 1.945 4/- 0.207 g/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of active gastroesophageal variceal bleeding with terlipressin or hemostatic balloon in patients with cirrhosis. A randomized controlled trial.

Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension should be treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy. This procedure, however, has some limitations. It has been established that vasoactive drugs are effective for controlling active variceal bleeding. We report the results of a randomized controlled trial comparing terlipressin to hemostatic tube (Linton-Michel tube) for the treatment of bleeding gastroesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. Thirty-seven cirrhotic patients with a total of 40 episodes of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding were included in this trial. Patients were randomly assigned to intravenous terlipressin or Linton-Michel tube (LM tube), for 24 h. During this period, hemostasis was defined as obtaining of hemodynamic and hematocrit stabilization and/or absence of hematemesis or melena. Bleeding recurrence was assessed during a 1-month period after treatment. Twenty bleeding episodes were treated with terlipressin (Group I) and 20 with LM tube (Group II). Both groups of patients were similar in age, sex distribution, etiology of cirrhosis and degree of hepatic insufficiency. Bleeding was controlled in 70% of patients from Group I and in 95% from Group II (p < 0.05) during treatment. Bleeding recurred in 14% of patients in Group I vs. 36% in Group II 1 week following the treatment (p > 0.05) and in 16.6% in Group I vs. 83.3% in Group II 1 month after treatment (p < 0.05). Complications were more frequent in Group II than in Group I (65 vs. 15%, p < 0.05). Mortality rate was similar in both groups 1 month after treatment. In conclusion, hemostatic tubes were superior to terlipressin for the control of active gastroesophageal variceal bleeding within the first 24 h. Complications and bleeding recurrence were more frequent in patients treated by hemostatic tube within a period of 1 month after treatment. Mortality rate was similar in both groups of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and hemostatic mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible causal role of pathologic hemostatic mechanisms in sudden hearing loss. DESIGN: The study was prospective. SETTING: The patients were hospitalized, and all tests were performed at the hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty-two consecutive patients with sudden hearing loss participated, as well as a control group of 28 healthy individuals. The control group was matched with regard to body mass index. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Venous blood analyses were made regarding general blood parameters, as well as specific hemostatic parameters. RESULTS: Twenty-five of the patients had some kind of aberration of specific hemostasis parameters; seven patients had an increase in the activity of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (ie, a glycoprotein associated with diminished fibrinolysis) compared with that in the control group (P < .05). Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor levels were most frequently observed among the patients who were overweight. Seven of the oldest patients had an increase of D-dimers, ie, a degradation product of fibrin, and most of these patients had a history of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: Although isolated aberrations in the hemostatic pathway were observed, we concluded that pathologic hemostasis does not seem to have a decisive importance for the pathogenesis of sudden deafness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Hemostatic study before onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Early diagnosis is necessary for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), but criteria for the stage preceding the diagnosis of DIC (pre-DIC) have not yet been established. To clarify hemostatic abnormalities that occur before the onset of DIC, we performed hemostatic studies in 117 patients within at least a week before the onset of DIC (pre-DIC), in 237 patients with DIC, and in 50 patients without DIC or pre-DIC (non-DIC). Levels of FDP, PT, and fibrinogen, and platelet counts were significantly abnormal after the onset of DIC, but not before. Thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), and FDP-D-dimer levels were significantly higher before the onset of DIC compared to the non-DIC patients. Hemostatic abnormalities were observed within a week before the onset of DIC. Monitoring the plasma levels of TAT, PIC, and FDP-D-dimer might be useful for the diagnosis of a pre-DIC condition.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1988

Effects of acute smoking on the hemostatic system in humans.

Habitual smoking is one of the best established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis of smoke-induced damage is not so well clarified, but it probably includes--among some other aspects--an activation of the hemostatic system. Recently it has been shown that smoking a single cigarette can significantly decrease the coronary blood flow in coronary patients as well as in normal subjects. We tested the hypothesis that the acute effects of smoke are mediated by the hemostatic system. Seven healthy male volunteers, aged 20-40 years (mean 32 +/- 6 years), entered the study. All were habitual smokers, but had abstained from smoking in the 12 hours preceding the test. After lying in absolute rest for about 30 minutes, each subject smoked a cigarette containing 1.2 mg of nicotine. Immediately before and after smoking, blood was drawn by clear venipuncture for the evaluation of the following hemostatic variables: collagen-induced platelet aggregation by the method of Born; thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production by platelets stimulated with collagen, radioimmunoassay (RIA); plasma beta thromboglobulin (TG) (RIA); plasma fibrinopeptide A (FPA) (RIA); plasma fibrinolytic activity in the euglobulin fraction (NEF) (fibrin plate method). The following results, respectively before and after smoking, were observed: collagen-induced platelet aggregation 55 +/- 3 vs. 57 +/- 6%; TxB2 100.5 +/- 5.9 vs. 90.3 +/- 9.0 ng/10(8) platelets; plasma beta-TG 20.8 +/- 2.2 vs. 19.2 +/- 2.3 ng/ml; plasma FPA 2.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml; NEF, lysis diameter 16.8 +/- 1.6 vs. 16.7 +/- 1.7 mm; NEF + C1 inhibitor lysis diameter 8.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.1 +/- 0.7 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of high-dose methotrexate on the hemostatic system in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications are significant causes of death in patients with malignancy. These are well-known with the use of certain drugs. This study was planned to investigate whether there was any effect of high-dose methotrexate on the hemostatic system in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PROCEDURE: To evaluate the hemostatic system, we investigated coagulation screening tests (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen), coagulation inhibitors (protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III), and fibrinolytic system (fibrin degradation products and tissue plasminogen activator). These parameters were measured in 35 cycles of high dose-methotrexate (3 g/m(2)) of 20 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases at baseline and on days 1 and 7 after the therapy. RESULTS: We found that high-dose methotrexate administration adversely affected both the coagulation system (prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and decreased fibrinogen levels) and coagulation inhibitors (decreased protein C, protein S, antithrombin III) on day 1 after chemotherapy compared to the baseline values. The hemostatic parameters began to improve on day 7 after chemotherapy, except for fibrin degradation products. Tissue plasminogen activator levels were not changed with the therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Coagulation cascade (prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and decreased fibrinogen) and coagulation inhibitors (decreased protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III levels) have been found to be affected by high-dose methotrexate therapy, but these transient changes did not cause clinical thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Hemostatic variables and ischemic cardiovascular disease: do we need a concerted effort for more profitable future clinical investigations?

Abnormally high levels of some hemostatic variables are often associated with the occurrence of the major ischemic complications of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Intervention studies have shown that prolonged treatment with antiplatelet drugs significantly reduces the recurrence of coronary and cerebral ischemic episodes. The association of the ischemic event with the hemostatic abnormality has often been just descriptive. Although suggestive, the link between the abnormality and the development and progression of atherosclerosis is only circumstantial. Finally, no information is available on the presence of one or more abnormal variables in subjects who did or did not experience a recurrence of thrombosis with treatment. To strengthen the clinical relevance of these hemostatic variables and to maximize the effectiveness of antithrombotic strategies, these indices should be taken into account in studies evaluating nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions against arterial thrombosis. We believe that a task force on this subject would serve a useful purpose. The task force should develop and publicize within the cardiological community guidelines for (a) defining the size of the problem, (b) identifying the variables to measure, (c) standardizing detection and monitoring techniques, and (d) suggesting appropriate strategies of prevention and treatment.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1996

Hemostatic abnormalities and the severity of illness in patients at the onset of clinically defined sepsis. Possible indication of the degree of endothelial cell activation?

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether changes within the hemostatic system are related to the severity of illness and organ failure in patients at the onset of clinically defined sepsis and to find some indications for the contribution of endothelial cell activation or perturbation to the patient's status. The following measurements were undertaken: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, multiple organ failure (MOF) score, plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT), antithrombin III (AT III), protein C antigen, factor XII, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen (PAI-1), neopterin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6). DESIGN: A prospective case series study. SETTING: Intensive care unit (ICU) of the Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. PATIENTS: 28 consecutive patients (11 females, 17 males; mean age 58 years) with clinically defined sepsis. Eleven patients were admitted from the surgical ICU (9 after elective surgery, 2 after trauma surgery). The operations were done 1-26 days (mean 14 days) prior to the onset of sepsis. MAIN RESULTS: At the onset of sepsis we found elevated plasma levels of TAT, PAI-1, neopterin, and IL-6, and lowered plasma levels of AT III, factor XII, and protein Cantigen. Neopterin, PAI-1, IL-6, and factor XII showed a statistically significant correlation with the APACHE II score. The MOF score is significantly correlated with IL-6 and neopterin. The extent of hemostatic abnormalities was related to increasing levels of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical evidence of a septic process is most likely to be preceded by activation of the hemostatic system, the vascular endothelium, and the monocyte/macrophage system. IL-6 may have a regulatory function for hemostasis in inflammation. Laboratory monitoring could be helpful in deciding whether to start early intensive therapy in patients at risk for sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hemostatic tests in the prediction of atherothrombotic disease.

Hemostatic components play major roles in the pathogenesis of human atherothrombotic disease. There has been interest in determining whether tests for hemostatic components predict this disorder. Recent population-based and clinically-oriented prospective studies have begun to provide useful information. Northwick Park Heart (NPH) study made the initial observation that the plasma fibrinogen level is an independent risk factor for non-fatal and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). This has been confirmed by other population-based studies. By contrast, factor VIIc levels which were reported by NPH to be an independent risk factor for CHD, especially fatal myocardial infarction (MI) has not been confirmed by other studies. Factor VIIIc, von Willebrand factor (vWF), tPA and PAI-1 are reported to be associated with CHD. Prospective angina pectoris studies have identified fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and von Willebrand factor as independent risk factors for acute MI. These findings raise a possible mechanism of inflammation in CHD. A number of studies imply an association of platelet activation with CHD. A prospective study has shown that a persistent positive spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) test is an independent risk factor for recurrent MI. Hence, prospective studies indicate a potential value for certain hemostatic tests to predict atherothrombotic disorder. However, clinical utility of these tests remains to be established. Controlled clinical trials may be required to provide a more definite information regarding the use of these tests for selecting high risk patients for preventive strategies.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between hemostatic abnormalities and neuroendocrine activity in heart failure.

Thromboembolism is an important complication of heart failure. To test the hypothesis that heart failure may be associated with hemostatic dysfunction, we studied hemostatic function in 21 patients with stable chronic heart failure and related these measures to the severity of heart failure as assessed by clinical evaluation, neuroendocrine activation, radionuclide ventriculography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Plasma and blood viscosity were elevated; all patients showed evidence of platelet activation, and many had elevated plasma concentrations of fibrinopeptide A, D-dimer, and von Willebrand factor. The plasma concentrations of these variables were poorly interrelated and related poorly to the severity of heart failure. Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and endothelin were correlated, and the latter was also correlated with the plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor. Patients with chronic heart failure have hemostatic abnormalities that may predispose them to thromboembolic events and may be in part due to neuroendocrine activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Activation of the hemostatic system during thrombolytic therapy.

Activation of the hemostatic mechanism has been described during thrombolytic therapy. This phenomenon has been detected by new methods of assessing hemostatic system function, based on immunoenzymatic or radioimmunoassays. However, these methods are extremely sensitive and, unless they are performed in expert laboratories, carefully following the recommended procedures, they generate in vitro artifacts. A description of these methods is provided, as well as a critical review of the available studies. The correct use of these methods will provide us with an understanding of the complex response of the hemostatic system to pharmacologic thrombolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Removal of Avitene microfibrillar collagen hemostat by use of suitable transfusion filters.

We assessed the ability of two commercial filters (Pall RC100 and Statlabs 20 microns) to filter out Avitene microfibrillar collagen hemostat from suspension. Quantitative determination of the collagen content as well as scanning electron and light microscopy, particle counting, and platelet aggregometry of filtrates revealed that these filters effectively remove potentially thrombogenic particles of Avitene microfibrillar collagen hemostat. The filters removed at least 97% of the total collagen, as determined by hydroxyproline analysis. The collagen that passed through the Pall filter did not pellet upon ultracentrifugation. Scanning electron and light microscopic analysis revealed no Avitene microfibrillar collagen hemostat particulates in the Pall filtrates but did reveal the presence of a significant number of approximately 1- to 8-microns particulates in the Statlabs filtrates. Concentrates of the filtrates from either of the two filters, however, did not promote platelet aggregation. Through ultracentrifugation and infrared analysis, the filtrates were found to consists of soluble, partially denatured collagen. The risk associated with the reintroduction of collagen particulates into the vasculature can be significantly reduced by use of appropriate, currently available blood-transfusion filters.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗