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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Oxytocin antagonism alters rat dams' oral grooming and upright posturing over pups.

Studies involving intracerebral administration of antiserum or antagonists have demonstrated that central oxytocin (OT) plays a prominent role in initiating but not maintaining postpartum maternal behavior in rats. There has been little investigation, however, of OT's influence on the levels of maternal behavior exhibited during the maintenance phase. We measured rat dam behavior during the 105-min observation periods preceding and beginning 2 h after intracerebroventricular infusion of the selective OT antagonist (OTA) (1 microg), or normal saline (NS) vehicle (5 microl) on postpartum days 2-3 and 6-7. Compared to NS, OTA significantly decreased pup licking as a proportion of dams' total oral grooming, increased self-grooming, decreased the frequency of elevated upright posture over pups and increased the frequency of lying prone on pups. Quiescent, kyphotic nursing was also significantly lower in OTA-treated dams. Other components of maternal behavior were not significantly affected by OTA or NS treatment. These findings suggest that central OT may shift the focus of the dams' oral grooming from self to pups and may also facilitate elevation of dams' upright posture over pups. Acute stress responses, maternal behavior and central OT receptor binding in adult rats have been linked to the amount of maternal licking and arched back, upright nursing received during infancy. OT activity in dams' brains may influence these developmental outcomes in their offspring by selectively regulating their pup licking and crouching posture.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Exploratory behaviour and grooming after repeated restraint and chronic mild stress: effect of desipramine.

In a previous study, we have recently shown that chronic treatment with desipramine either reduced or potentiated the locomotor response to the dopamine D(2)-like receptor agonist quinpirole, a behavioural response mediated by the mesolimbic dopamine system, depending on whether the animals were subjected, respectively, to repeated restraint or to chronic mild stress (different stressors randomly presented). In this study, we examined the interaction between prolonged exposure to either repeated restraint stress or chronic mild stress with the chronic administration of the antidepressant desipramine on two spontaneous behaviours, in which an involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine system has been suggested: novelty-induced exploratory activity and grooming. Exploratory activity in the open field was reduced by chronic mild stress regardless of the drug treatment, while it was not influenced by restraint stress. Desipramine reduced exploratory activity in rats subjected to restraint stress. Restraint stress increased grooming and desipramine reversed this effect, while increasing grooming in the chronic mild stress group. These findings suggest that antidepressants exert their effect by opposing the modifications induced by stress. The available experimental evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that an important role in the observed behavioural changes is played by the mesolimbic dopamine system.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Age-related changes in grooming behavior and motor activity in female rats.

The influence of hormonal status and the age of the rat on the expression of grooming behavior and motor activity were studied. Grooming, locomotion, and rearing were measured in young (4-months-old), adult (6-8-months-old), and old (18-months-old) female rats, during the estrous cycle. These behavioral performances were influenced by the hormonal changes that occur in young and adult female rats during the estrous cycle. In old rats there were no significant differences among the different days of the estrous cycle. A significant age-related decrease in grooming behavior and motor activity was also found. Locomotion and rearing were the parameters most affected by age. These findings could be related to: (a) the gonadal hormonal status, which appears to be able to modulate behavioral responses; and (b) the age-related changes, which may affect the normal display of these behaviors. The possible role of central peptidergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neural systems is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Behavioral differences between selectively bred rats: D1 versus D2 receptors in yawning and grooming.

We used SKF 38393 and quinpirole for determining whether activation of D(1) and D(2) receptors, respectively, is involved in behaviors of rats selectively bred for high or low rates of yawning. After injection of SKF 38393, yawning diminished more markedly in high-yawning (HY) than in low-yawning (LY) rats, whereas this drug increased the number and duration of grooming episodes similarly in both strains. After injection of quinpirole, yawning increased more markedly in HY than in LY rats, whereas this drug decreased the number and duration of grooming episodes similarly in both rat strains. After coadministration of SKF 38393 and quinpirole, yawning increased similarly in both rat strains, whereas the combination of drugs failed to reliably affect grooming behavior. We interpret our findings as indicating that D(2) receptors are more important than D(1) receptors for differences in yawning behavior between HY and LY rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Intracerebroventricular injection of anti-prolactin serum suppresses excessive grooming of pituitary homografted rats.

Rats with endogenous hyperprolactinaemia, as induced by pituitary homografts under the kidney capsule, displayed increased grooming behavior as compared to that of sham-operated animals. Twelve days after surgery, intracerebroventricular injection of anti-prolactin serum (dilution 1:100, 1 microliter) suppressed the excessive grooming of homografted rats. These observations suggest that prolactin from a peripheral source may reach the central nervous system to affect brain mechanisms involved in grooming behavior.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1988

Sex differences in investigatory and grooming behaviors of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) following exposure to novelty.

Prior research suggested that during exposure to novel stimuli, rodent investigation and self-grooming behaviors may be sexually dimorphic and interact with ambient illumination. To test this notion we compared the behavior of adult male and female groups of Long-Evans hooded rats in normal room lighting (860 lx) and in very dim, red light (0.2 lx) following exposure to a novel juvenile conspecific. Illuminance level had little or no effect, but investigatory and subsequent self-grooming behaviors of males were substantially greater than those of females, and females engaged in greater ambulatory activity than did males. In a second experiment adult males and females were exposed to a novel inanimate object. No reliable sex differences were observed. We conclude that social novelty, as provided by exposure to a juvenile conspecific, stimulates greater investigation and postinvestigatory self-grooming than exposure to a novel inanimate object and that exposure to novel conspecifics presents a useful method for the investigation of sex differences, gonadal hormone effects, and interactions of hormones with neurotransmitter systems governing motor control systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Similarities in the physiological bases of an abnormal grooming behavior in thyroidectomized cats and in cats with lesions of the central nervous system.

Thyroidectomized cats display a dissociation of the appetitive and consummatory components of grooming behavior when the body surface is tactually stimulated, an abnormal behavior that also occurs in cats with pontile or frontal neocortical lesions. Systemic administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) abolishes the abnormal behavior, whereas dihydroxyphenylalanine administration does not, and p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) administration induces the abnormal grooming behavior in thyroidectomized cats that are not displaying the abnormal behavior because of spontaneous seasonal reversions. Microinjections of 5-HTP or serotonin into the superior colliculi also abolish the abnormal grooming behavior in thyroidectomized cats. Lesions of the superior colliculi prevent the development of the abnormal behavior after thyroidectomy, even with PCPA treatment. These pharmacological results in thyroidectomized cats parallel the behavioral effects observed in cats with pontile or frontal neocortical lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Menstrual cycle influences grooming behavior and sexual activity in the Rhesus monkey.

The time spent by the female rhesus monkey in grooming the male fluctuates rhythmically and reaches a minimum at mid-cycle. At this time the male's grooming activity reaches a maximum. The rhythmic changes in male mounting behavior, together with the males' and females' grooming cycles, are abolished by ovariectomy and have a hormonal basis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Delayed suppressive effect of a low dose of caerulein on the grooming behavior induced by the D1-receptor agonist SKF 38393.

Caerulein (CLN, 0.8-80 micrograms/kg, s.c.) was administered to male rats 10 min or 24 hr before the injection of SKF 38393 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). The increased mouth movement and grooming behavior by SKF 38393 were suppressed dose-dependently by CLN 10 min before the SKF 38393. CLN at the dose of 0.8 micrograms/kg, given 24 hr before the SKF 38393, suppressed the grooming behavior by SKF 38393. These findings suggest that a low dose of CLN, but not a high dose, had a delayed suppressive effect on the grooming behavior induced by an excess of D1-activity.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed2006

5-HT2c receptor activation induces grooming behaviour in rats: possible correlations with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Excessive self-grooming in animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is regarded as an equivalent of compulsive behaviour in OCD patients. Previous studies have suggested a key modulatory role of certain serotonin2 receptor subtypes both in grooming behaviour and OCD. Certain 5-HT2 receptor agonists were reported to exacerbate symptoms in OCD patients. Here we report that activation of the serotonin2c (5-HT2c) receptor induces self-grooming in rats, which result supports the hypothesis that selective stimulation of central 5-HT2c receptors exacerbates symptoms also in OCD. The present findings may help to understand serotonergic mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum and may progress the development of novel anxiolytic and anti-OCD medications.

Aminopyridines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of excess catecholamines on grooming in rats in postnatal ontogeny].

During the first month of postnatal life, studies have been made of the effect of L-DOPA on grooming in rat puppies. It was found that within the first hour after injection of the drug, its inhibitory effect increases in the course of ontogenetic development. In some of the animals, the increase in grooming was observed, whereas in other ones the effect was absent. Inhibition concerns both the number of grooming outbursts and the duration of rhythmic phase. These changes are associated with the decrease of afferent input to the central nervous system and with inhibition of the activity of pacemakers of rhythmic motor excitation.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

[The parameters of grooming in the ontogeny of rats].

The grooming behaviour of rats includes different kinds of movements: scratching, licking, washing, shaking down, stinging out. All the parameters of these movements (their quantity, duration, and rhythm) were registered by graphic recording and may be objective indices of ontogenic development of grooming and the basis for the study of the mechanisms of grooming regulation.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

[Sex differences in the grooming parameters in rat ontogeny].

The analysis of sex differences in the total amount of grooming movements showed that sex differences first appeared in the 2nd month of rats' life because of great increase of grooming movements in females. During the 1st month of immature rat life sex differences were observed in the rate of increase of frequency of grooming movements and of their duration.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

The interaction of central oxytocin and cholecystokinin regulates grooming behavior in the rat.

Oxytocin (OXY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) coexisting in neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) induce grooming behavior when microinjected into the ventral tegmentum. The present study sought to investigate two other putative terminal fields of this peptide-peptide coexistence, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the medial preoptic area (MPOA), and to determine the functional interaction between OXY and CCK. Microinjection of OXY and CCK alone or in combination into the LH but not into the MPOA induced grooming. Both peptides seem to be equally critical for the induction of grooming; they may interact on a common substrate by suppressing each other's effect.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing intervention for grooming of elders with mild cognitive impairments in Korea.

This study explores the effect of behavioral nursing intervention strategies to improve the grooming performance of elders with cognitive impairments in Korea. Eight residents with mild cognitive impairments were chosen in a special dementia care facility. A total of 21 sessions, including baseline, interventions, and postinterventions for each resident, were collected in the morning by using videotaped recordings of face-washing, toothbrushing, and hair-combing. The baselines of these activities and postinterventions were provided by nurse assistants, and the interventions were implemented by a trained nurse. The effect of Performance of Grooming Tasks (PGT) was determined. The results showed a decrease in assistance of PGT scores from 0.86, 0.77, and 0.73 at baseline to 0.60, 0.45, and 0.57 during intervention and an increase to 0.77, 0.71, and 0.71 at postintervention. The study showed a significant increase in grooming independence of elders with dementia in the nursing home when they were cared for with behavioral nursing intervention strategies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Grooming movements as operants in the rat.

Two experiments investigated the effect of contingent food deliveries on grooming movements in rats. The grooming sequence was divided into three topographically distinct behaviors: paw washing, face washing, and body washing. The first experiment found that rates of paw washing and body washing increased reliably under a food contingency, but face washing did not. A second experiment replicated these findings, and, in addition, showed that the average duration of paw washing and body washing decreased in length when followed by food. Placing a contingency on face washing, however, produced an increase in the rate of paw washing but no increase in face washing. It was concluded that, on the one hand, paw washing and body washing may be influenced by operant contingencies in the same way as behaviors such as lever pressing. On the other hand, increases in paw washing under the face washing contingency suggested that increases in the rate of grooming movements may occur by means other than operant relations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Hair grooming syncope].

INTRODUCTION: Syncope is a frequent topic in pediatric emergency rooms. Most of them are vasovagal syncopes. Some specific forms have been admitted, according to their etiopathogenic and clinical characteristics. Hair-grooming syncope is a rare variety which is not yet fully recognized. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of children referred to our Pediatric Cardiology clinic from 1993 to 1996 because of fainting were evaluated. Patients with clinical data in possible relation with hair-grooming syncope were elected for the present study. Physical, cardiological and neurological examinations were recorded as well as basic complementary examinations. Head-upright tilt test was performed in all cases. RESULTS: Four girls, with a mean age of 9.5 years, presented sudden and brief loss of consciousness and postural tone in temporal relationship with several hair care acts. No body or neck position was associated with faint. Three patients had previously suffered other syncopal episodes without relation with hair care. Head-upright tilt test was positive in three cases and inconclusive in a girl with clear antecedents of clinically vasovagal syncope. CONCLUSION: Hair-grooming syncope is a rare and benign variety of neurocardiogenic syncope that should be considered in girls that complain of loss of consciousness during different hair care acts, even if seizures are present.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Propagation of handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees.

A grooming posture previously reported for two wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities developed spontaneously in a captive group of the same species. This offered a unique opportunity to follow the propagation of a new social custom. The posture consists of two partners grasping hands--either both right hands or both left hands--and raising the arms in an A-frame above their heads while mutually grooming with their free hands. The propagation of this pattern was followed over a 5 year period. In the beginning, handclasps were always initiated by the same adult female. This female initiated the posture mainly with her adult female kin. In subsequent years, these relatives became frequent participants in the posture with each other as well as with nonrelatives. Over the years the posture increased in frequency and duration and spread to the majority of adults and also to a few adolescents and older juveniles. The pattern persisted after removal of the apparent originator.

Animals↗