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Results for “Gender Identity”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Surgical reinforcement of gender identity in adolescent intersex patients.

The presentation of phenotypic gender ambiguity at the time of adolescence is uncommon. Surgical reinforcement of gender, or reassignment is often complex and multistage. We present 2 cases of children who developed secondary sexual characteristics contrary to their chromosome status who, because of their late presentation, required significant surgical intervention to reinforce the gender assigned to them. We review some of the surgical techniques involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Sexual behaviors, sexual orientation and gender identity in adult intersexuals: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: Sexual preference and adjustment of intersexuals have rarely been investigated. Interview techniques were used to explore these issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten adult intersexuals (average age 34.2 years) were randomly selected from Intersex Society of North America members. Of the 10 subjects 8 had initially been gender assigned as female and 2 as male. A structured telephone interview was used to assess sexual orientation, sexual activity and satisfaction with gender assignment. RESULTS: Sexual debut occurred at age 18.1 years (range 15 to 22). At debut, 4 females and 2 males engaged in heterosexual intercourse, and 4 females engaged in gynephilic (female) sexual contact. Despite female gender assignment of 8 and initial heterosexual activity by 4 subjects, the final choice of a sexual partner was female in all 8. Both males had initial heterosexual contact but only 1 continued to prefer female partners. Current number of sexual partners averaged 0.9 (range 0 to 2) and total number of sexual partners ranged from 1 to 300. Currently, 9 subjects are in a committed sexual relationship and 8 are able to achieve orgasm. Of the subjects 8 preferred being identified as intersexual, 1 male as male and 1 female as female. Two intersexuals with initial female gender assignment were undergoing male reassignment. CONCLUSIONS: Most intersexuals preferred being identified as intersexual and had female partners. Most reported being satisfied with overall physical appearance but satisfaction with genitalia was highly variable. Based on these results, further study of a larger population is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gender identity disorder in a girl with autism--a case report.

A girl with high functioning autism who developed transsexualism is described. The literature to date has, to the authors' knowledge, not documented any similar case. The diagnosis of a coexisting psychiatric disorder in transsexualism has implications for the evaluation, prognosis, and appropriate management of the patient. The question of a possible relationship between autism and transsexualism and whether there is a predisposition to gender dysphoria in autism, is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Gender identity and sex-of-rearing in children with disorders of sexual differentiation.

AIM: To compare declared sexual identity to sex-of-rearing in individuals with disorders of sexual differentiation. METHODS: All 84 patients > or =5 years old in a pediatric psychosexual development clinic were assessed for sex-of-rearing and sexual identity. Diagnoses included 1) male-typical prenatal androgen effects but an absent or severely inadequate penis - 45 patients with cloacal exstrophy or aphallia; 2) inadequate prenatal androgens and a Y-chromosome - 28 patients with partial androgen insensitivity (pAIS), mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD), hermaphroditism, or craniofacial anomalies with genital ambiguity; 3) inappropriate prenatal androgen effects and a 46,XX karyotype - 11 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). RESULTS: Of 73 patients with disordered sexual differentiation and a Y-chromosome, 60 were reared female; 26 of the 60 (43%) declared female identity while 32 (53%) declared male identity including 18 (55%) with cloacal exstrophy, six (55%) with MGD, four (40%) with pAIS, one (50%) with aphallia, one (100%) with hermaphroditism, and two (67%) with craniofacial anomalies; two (3%) declined to discuss identity. Nine of 11 patients with CAH and a 46,XX karyotype were reared female and two reared male; six (55%) declared female identity and five (45%) declared male identity. Of 84 total patients, 69 were reared female, but only 32 lived as female, while 29 lived as male; four patients refused to discuss sex-of-living; parents of four patients rejected their declarations of male identity. All 15 patients reared male lived as male including two genetic females. CONCLUSION: Active prenatal androgen effects appeared to dramatically increase the likelihood of recognition of male sexual identity independent of sex-of-rearing. Genetic males with male-typical prenatal androgen effects should be reared male.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Follow-up of females with gender identity disorders.

The present paper reports on the course of 15 young female-to-male transsexual applicants followed for 1 to 9 years after initial evaluation. Each patient completed a lengthy evaluation process including detailed semistructured interviews and a battery of psychological tests. Of the 15 applicants, 10 went on to live full time in the male role; however, one of these later returned to living as a female. This woman and three others were living as lesbians at last follow-up, while the two other patients continued to live in a more ambiguously male-female role. Psychosocial functioning at the time of follow-up in terms of employment, partners, and psychiatric status is reviewed. A supportive problem-solving psychotherapy program was offered to all of these patients and seven became actively involved in therapy. The potential benefits and limitations of psychotherapy with female gender dysphoric patients are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual orientation and gender identity: an administrative approach to diversity.

Research indicates that gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (GLBTQ) teens in the care of a northeastern child welfare department do not receive adequate services due to the workers' homophobic attitudes. These teens are at high risk for alcohol and drug abuse, homelessness, prostitution, and suicide. A training module was developed for administrators. Pretest and posttest instruments measured their education and support of GLBTQ issues before and after the training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Ethics and the proposed treatment for a 13-year-old with atypical gender identity.

The case of a 13-year-old girl given permission by the Family Court of Australia to begin a sex-change process involves complex issues. Nevertheless, the ethical justification for the decision is not complicated. In this case, it can be argued that the net benefit eclipses concerns about competence, autonomy and the appropriateness of the intervention. The debate this case generated in the media reminds us that one of the essential tasks in ethics debates is to get our facts straight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sexual orientation and gender identity in North America: legal trends, legal contrasts.

The article provides a comparative analysis of recent legal developments with regard to LGBT rights in Canada and the United States of America. Both countries have made great progress towards better protection and full recognition of LGBT rights. Despite this progress, Canada appears to be ahead of the United States, as illustrated by two most recent court decisions (e.g. Halpern, legalizing same-sex marriage in Ontario, and Lawrence v. Texas, decriminalizing consensual sodomy in the United States).

Canada↗
PubMed1991

Object loss, aggression, and gender identity.

This paper arises from a clinical, observational, longitudinal study of aggression in normal children in the first two years of life. In this study of one of the research children the authors seek to delinate how the emergence and vicissitudes of aggression in a little boy are affected by a variety of strains in the course of his early development and how the aggression affects all the major developmental tasks in his young life. In particular, the authors attempt to follow the interdependent currents of object relations, aggression, and early sexual development.

Aggression↗
PubMed1983

Sex role stereotypes, gender identity and parental relationships in male homosexuals and heterosexuals.

The sex-role stereotypes held by heterosexual and homosexual men were examined by comparing their Repertory Grid scores. It was found that homosexual men held less rigid sex-role stereotypes than heterosexuals. Degree of opposite-sex identification was marginally greater in homosexuals, but neither group showed strong masculine or feminine stereotypic identification. Homosexual men perceived themselves as psychologically more distant from their fathers than did their heterosexual counterparts; this was probably an effect of homosexuality rather than a cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The influence of sphincter control and genital sensation on body image and gender identity in women.

The development of one aspect of feeling female is hypothesized to account for certain phenomena in the treatment of young women patients. Fear of loss of genital pleasure experienced as contractions of the anal and genital-urinary sphincters is seen as the central issue in conflicts manifested in genital, oral, and anal modalities. It is suggested that the female's awareness of her genital arises from the generalization of sphincter sensation in the little girl, which is then represented in the body image. The body image is postulated as a link between genital pleasure and the valuing of femininity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The "hustle": socioeconomic deprivation, urban drug trafficking, and low-income, African-American male gender identity.

OBJECTIVE: Drug trafficking seems to be both prevalent and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality among inner-city African-American males. Survey data has indicated the possible importance of economic need in the rapid emergence of drug trafficking in this population. In the present study, an historical-cultural approach is used to examine this economic relationship further and to explore the role that drug trafficking plays in a society that has permitted its successful and rapid growth. METHODOLOGY: Data were obtained from interviews of approximately 600 African-Americans residing in inner-city neighborhoods in Washington, DC and Baltimore during nine drug- and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related studies conducted over 4 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: From the perspective of the study participants, the need to provide economic support for one's family as well as to achieve some sense of status, respect, and reputation among one's peers are two core constructs of masculine identity in the United States. The historical and worsening inequities in access to economic resources and power by African-American males are viewed as significantly reducing the opportunity for economic success through more social or legal enterprises. Pursuit of nonmainstream activities (such as drug trafficking) is perceived as offering an opportunity for economic advancement and for establishing a power base for individuals who have been denied access to mainstream opportunities.

Adolescent↗