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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Feeding Latin America's children.

More than US $1.6 billion is spent annually on 104 programs in 19 Latin American and Caribbean countries to subsidize or provide food for people supposedly at risk of malnutrition. This amount constitutes only 0.2% of these countries gross national product. If there is no double-counting, these programs reach more than 80 million people, or 21% of the population, at a cost of $20/beneficiary or $4 per capita. Yet some 10 million children are malnourished, which suggests that the expenditures are poorly directed or ineffective. There is little hard evidence that these programs are preventing much malnutrition; even curative results are seldom measured. THe effort is too small in some countries with great needs, while other countries have nearly eliminated malnutrition. Where coverage is high, programs--although generally targeted and with sensible criteria--do not always reach the neediest. They may also fail to provide enough food or to combine food with the health care and nutritional education necessary to attack all 3 root causes of malnutrition: poverty, disease, and ignorance. The evidence, limited mostly to program inputs rather than results, suggests that greater progress against undernourishment is possible even with current spending levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Infectious diseases in African children.

Present status and problems of infectious diseases in African children are detailed. The Department of Paediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine has 10 years' experience of international medical cooperation with African countries. At present, the department is participating in two projects in Ghana and Zambia. The activities have been carried out in the field of priority infectious diseases in African children. Major infectious diseases in Africa are malaria, diarrhoeal diseases, acute respiratory infections and some specific parasitic diseases. Human immunodeficiency virus infection has also become a threat to the health and survival of children in Africa. To reduce morbidity and mortality due to these diseases, primary health care activity may be an effective and economical measure. Japan is expected to make further technological and economical contributions to the control of the infectious diseases in developing countries. Japanese paediatricians should be aware of the condition of child health in developing countries and consider what can be done to help.

Child↗
PubMed1993

The joint JMA-JICA project in Nepal.

Nepal is among the 20 countries with the lowest human development index, according to the criteria of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and has a very high under-five mortality rate, according to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). In December 1992, the Japan Medical Association (JMA) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) began jointly carrying out a maternal and child health (MCH) project. Its beneficiaries are the population of Kavre District, the District Public Health Office in Kavre, the Central Region Health Directorate, and the Ministry of Health of Nepal. The MCH project stems from a request to Japan made by His Majesty's Government of Nepal to implement and evaluate a new health system policy in a model area, the Kavre District. The project's main goal is to improve the general health and to reduce the maternal, infant, and under-five child mortality rates by providing basic primary health care services and means of disease prevention. It will improve the government's medical care delivery system, better educate the population and promote community action in questions related to health and hygiene. This is the first cooperative project organized by JICA that involves the participation of a non-governmental organization, in this case, the JMA. The JMA will construct the primary Health Care (PHC) Center, equip it with a dormitory and safe water supply system, and provide sufficient drugs for 2 years. The Japan International Cooperation Agency will dispatch MCH experts and provide medical equipment and supplies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Basic life support.

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Airway Obstruction↗