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PubMed1988

Bulimia: a comparison of psychological adjustment and familial characteristics in a nonclinical sample.

This study examined the relation of eating attitudes and behaviors to family dynamics and psychological adjustment in a nonclinical group of female university freshmen. Family dynamics variables, which were measured by the Family Environment Scale (FES), included Control, Cohesion, Conflict, Organization, Expressiveness, Independence, Achievement-Orientation, Intellectual-Cultural Orientation, Active-Recreational Orientation, and Moral Religious Emphasis. Psychological adjustment was measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSC). Variables on this scale included Anxiety, Depression, Somatization, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Interpersonal Sensitivity. Eating attitudes and behaviors were measured by the Bulimia Test (BULIT), a 32-item self-report inventory. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that bulimics, subclinical bulimics, and normals could be differentiated on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Univariate analyses revealed differences between the groups on all of the HSC measures and the Organization scale of the FES. The results suggest that conclusions about the causal relationships between maladaptive family patterns and bulimia presented in previous research should be viewed with caution.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2026

Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older Asian Immigrants Through the Lens of Sense of Coherence: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

AIM: To explore the meaning older Asian immigrants attribute to social isolation and loneliness, their management strategies, utilisation of resources and impact on health. DESIGN: Systematic review of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES: AgeLine, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in September 2024. METHODS: Inclusion criteria: participants were Asian immigrants to Western countries aged 65 and over, community-living and experiencing social isolation and loneliness. Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence was used to frame the thematic analysis. RESULTS: Ten papers were included and analysed deductively using elements of the sense of coherence framework: • Comprehensibility: Social isolation and loneliness are viewed as multifaceted, influenced by cultural and environmental dislocation, language barriers, intergenerational conflicts, deteriorating health and mobility, and socioeconomic challenges. • Manageability: included engaging in culture-specific community programs, family and ethnic community support and living within ethnic enclaves mitigated isolation and loneliness. • Meaningfulness: Strong family ties, active community involvement, spirituality, volunteerism, and cultural practices fostered resilience. However, accepting the changing values of their new world, living independently, and carving their own niche provided meaning to their transformed reality. CONCLUSION: Older Asian immigrants experience social isolation and loneliness through a cultural lens, shaped by migration experiences, language barriers, and shifting family dynamics. Cultural roots, family ties, spirituality, community, acceptance, and independence enhance sense of coherence. Recognising the dynamic interplay between cultural identity, resilience, and adaptation is key to understanding their lived experience. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: This review informs culturally sensitive interventions, guiding healthcare, community services, and policy to support social participation, mitigate loneliness through ethno-specific activities, and improve the quality of life for aging immigrant populations in Western countries. REPORTING METHOD: The review was undertaken and reported using the PRISMA guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: None. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023425752).

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Dynamics of family size and composition: a computer simulation study with reference to rural India.

"This study attempts to understand the dynamics that produce the persistent observation of a strong positive correlation between family size and extent of landholdings in predominantly agrarian economies [in India]. Such a correlation can arise from different types of demographic configurations including the rules of family formation. For example, big landholdings may be associated with large families, despite the lack of differentials across holdings of different size in fertility and mortality, simply because these families may remain undivided for long periods. In the absence of conclusive data to analyse this relationship in the Indian case, this study sets up a computer simulation model for studying the results of alternative demographic configurations."

Asia↗
PubMed1998

[Medical family therapy in children with chronic illness].

This article describes a medical family therapy approach to working with families of a child with a chronic medical illness. Medical family therapy combines the systemic paradigm of family therapy with the biopsychosocial paradigm of medicine to treat patients and families who are experiencing medical illness or disability. This article describes how family dynamics influence children's health and how children's health influences family dynamics. It then addresses special assessment issues, treatment issues, and collaboration issues for medical therapists when a child has a chronic illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

[Familial reality construction. On dealing with intrafamilial realization processes in psychodiagnostic and psychotherapeutic contexts].

Psychodynamic processes are connected to relationship-psychological and family dynamic phenomena in varied ways. Especially the processes of forming judgments and coming to realizations in the family influence the individual psychodynamics greatly. In these processes characteristics, purposes, roles and pathologies are ascribed to the individual family member. In this article these processes will be clearly shown with casuistic material. After this the author will clarify the theoretical relationship between the various levels of description which are the result of examining intrapsychic and family dynamic questions.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Dissecting life with a Jewish scalpel: a qualitative analysis of Jewish-centered family life.

This article highlights findings from a qualitative analysis of the ways in which Jewish families identify how Judaism influences their lives. A theoretical sample of two religious and two cultural families were chosen from a larger sample of 48 Jewish families in Central New York. The qualitative part of this study, which was part of a larger multimethod investigation, was done in order to gather inductively any data that would allow the researchers to build a theory about a particular type of ethnic identity--Jewish identity--and how it affects family dynamics. Eleven categories emerged from this study, which suggest that this particular type of ethnic identity influences many family dynamics, for example, styles of communicating, parenting, values, and family rituals. The participants seem to dissect the world with a "Jewish scalpel." This "scalpel" informs their daily interactions, their parenting styles, and their childrens' self-perceptions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The discovery that an offspring is gay: parents', gay men's, and lesbians' perspectives.

This study explores and integrates parents', gay men's, and lesbians' perceptions of the "coming out" process. The research employed a sample of thirty-two gay and lesbian young adults and twenty-seven parents. It investigated how family dynamics prior to the discovery of homosexuality could be related to post-discovery experiences on parts of both children and parents. In-depth interviews were conducted with all participants. Two bodies of literature enriched the theoretical framework for this study: self-disclosure literature and the literature pertaining to homosexual identity formation. Findings of this study call for educating parents about homosexuality prior to the actual act of disclosure. Ensuring that parents do not learn about homosexuality while finding out that their child is gay potentially eases parents' adjustment to the discovery and thus may also improve the emotional dynamics within the family.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Japanese families who have lost children to cancer: a primary study.

By interviewing 13 Japanese families who have lost children to cancer within the past 3 years, the main caregiver for the sick child was found to always be the mother, and the mother was the leader whereas the father was a cooperator. These mothers tried to resolve their problems within the context of the relationship between the parents. This tendency relates to the structure of Japanese human relationships. The relationships between the mothers and fathers changed and became stronger or weaker. How fathers shared the mothers' burdens strongly influenced their relationships. To provide comprehensive care, health professionals must recognize the cultural influence on the family dynamics and the family's perceptions toward the illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on family functioning.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain family dynamics of Finnish patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the basis of Barnhill's framework for healthy family functioning. DESIGN AND METHOD: This study used description and comparison and an interview-administered questionnaire and survey. SAMPLE: Participants were patients with COPD and their family members (n = 65) living in the Tampere University Hospital catchment area. The sample consisted of families of home oxygen therapy patients (n = 36) and families of inpatients (n = 29). Families consisted of patients and their family members. INSTRUMENTS: Data were collected from patients by interview-administered questionnaires and from family members by survey. The instrument used was the Family Dynamics Measure 2, operationalized and tested by the American Family Research Group. RESULTS: Families of home oxygen therapy patients experienced significantly more mutuality (P =.03) and made decisions about their illness and life significantly more independently (P =.05) than families of inpatients. Families of home oxygen therapy patients handled change significantly more flexibly (P =.03) than families of inpatients. DISCUSSION: For the most part, families of both patient groups functioned well, but overall family functioning was clearly better in families of home oxygen therapy patients. The sample included some dysfunctional and even severely dysfunctional families. The results of this study cannot be generalized beyond the study sample because of the small sample size, but they provide suggestions for developing the care of patients with COPD and their families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Computational modelling of ErbB family phosphorylation dynamics in response to transforming growth factor alpha and heregulin indicates spatial compartmentation of phosphatase activity.

Members of the ErbB receptor family are associated with several cancers and appear to be providing useful targets for pharmacological therapeutics for tumours of the lung and breast. Further improvements of these therapies may be guided by a quantitative, dynamic integrative systems understanding of the complexities of ErbB dimerisation, trafficking and activation, for it is these complexities that render difficult intuiting how perturbations such as drug intervention will affect ErbB signalling activities. Towards this goal, we have developed a computational model implementing commonly accepted principles governing ErbB receptor interaction, trafficking, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Using this model, we are able to investigate several hypotheses regarding the compartmental localisation of dephosphorylation. Model results applied to experimental data on ErbB 1, ErbB2 and ErbB3 phosphorylation in H292 human lung carcinoma cells support a hypothesis that key dephosphorylation activity for these receptors occurs largely in an intracellular, endosomal compartment rather than at the cell surface plasma membrane. Thus, the endocytic trafficking-related compartmentalisation of dephosphorylation may define a critical aspect of the ErbB signalling response to ligand.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1995

[The life of the couple and feelings of parental competence].

With the birth of their first child a couple must learn to adapt to their new role as parents. During this learning process, their degree of comfort with their new identities as mother and father is linked to how they develop as competent parents. According to the ecological approach to human development, several variables influence parental competency. The marital relationship and the family dynamics are of special interest to the nurse who often has to evaluate the family system and intervene during the transition period to parenthood. This descriptive-correlative study is in direct response to provincial priorities aimed at promoting parenthood and providing better support to parents. Surveys were mailed to 133 couples with a one-year-old child to determine the nature of the link between the marital relationship, the family dynamics and the feeling of parental competency. The results confirm the importance of the nurses involved in evaluating these variables so that effective interventions can be developed to support and assist the couple--thus reinforcing their feelings of parental competency.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Coparental and family group-level dynamics during infancy: early family precursors of child and family functioning during preschool.

This study examines longitudinal correlates of coparental and family group-level dynamics during infancy. Thirty-seven couples observed at play with their 8-11-month-old infants (15 boys, 22 girls) rated their child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and their own coparenting behavior 3 years later. Teachers also rated child behavior at the 3-year follow-up. Several significant relationships emerged between observed family process (high hostility-competitiveness, low family harmony, and high parenting discrepancies in the triad) at Time 1, and subsequent reports of child and coparenting behavior at Time 2. Larger parenting discrepancies at Time 1 predicted greater child anxiety as rated by teachers; greater hostility-competitiveness and lower harmony forecast higher child aggression. Time 1 family process continued to predict Time 2 aggression even after controlling for individual and marital functioning. Several links were also found between distressed family process and later parental reports of negative coparenting behavior. These parental reports of coparenting also explained unique variance in concurrent child behavior ratings. The significance of coparenting as a distinct family construct is discussed.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed2004

Implications of family income dynamics for women's depressive symptoms during the first 3 years after childbirth.

OBJECTIVES: We examined within-person associations between changes in family income and women's depressive symptoms during the first 3 years after childbirth. METHODS: Data were analyzed for 1351 women (mean baseline age = 28.13 years) who participated in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care. Nineteen percent of these women belonged to an ethnic minority, and 35% were poor at some time during the study. RESULTS: Changes in income and poverty status were significantly associated with changes in depressive symptoms. Effects were greatest for chronically poor women and for women who perceived fewer costs associated with their employment. CONCLUSIONS: Given that women head most poor households in the United States, our findings indicate that reductions in poverty would have mental health benefits for women and families.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Flexibility and enzymatic cold-adaptation: a comparative molecular dynamics investigation of the elastase family.

Molecular dynamics simulations of representative mesophilic and psycrophilic elastases have been carried out at different temperatures to explore the molecular basis of cold adaptation inside a specific enzymatic family. The molecular dynamics trajectories have been compared and analyzed in terms of secondary structure, molecular flexibility, intramolecular and protein-solvent interactions, unravelling molecular features relevant to rationalize the efficient catalytic activity of psychrophilic elastases at low temperature. The comparative molecular dynamics investigation reveals that modulation of the number of protein-solvent interactions is not the evolutionary strategy followed by the psycrophilic elastase to enhance catalytic activity at low temperature. In addition, flexibility and solvent accessibility of the residues forming the catalytic triad and the specificity pocket are comparable in the cold- and warm-adapted enzymes. Instead, loop regions with different amino acid composition in the two enzymes, and clustered around the active site or the specificity pocket, are characterized by enhanced flexibility in the cold-adapted enzyme. Remarkably, the psycrophilic elastase is characterized by reduced flexibility, when compared to the mesophilic counterpart, in some scattered regions distant from the functional sites, in agreement with hypothesis suggesting that local rigidity in regions far from functional sites can be beneficial for the catalytic activity of psychrophilic enzymes.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1986

Systemic research on chronicity factors in infantile asthma.

This work is the result of research into chronicity factors in infantile asthma. The research had two main goals. The first, using a sample of 100 asthmatic children, was to reconstruct the therapeutic history of the individual patients on the hypothesis that the therapeutic intervention they had undergone in fact conditioned the quality of the cure demand. The second was to evaluate the influence of family dynamics on the chronic development of infantile asthma. A comparison was made between two interactive models using a sample of 10 families with asthmatic children with chronic tendencies and a sample of 10 normal families. The results show that typical dysfunctional interactive patterns exist in the experimental sample and that they are correlated with the perpetuation of the asthmatic symptom. The paper concludes that every therapeutic intervention that is limited to dealing with the biological component of the asthmatic symptom and ignores the influence of family dynamics becomes itself a major chronicity factor. Thus a "systemic" intervention is considered necessary to prevent chronicity.

Adaptation, Psychological↗