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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Preschool children's seriation of pain faces and happy faces in the Affective Facial Scale.

This study was designed to assess the extent to which use by preschoolers of the 1985 Affective Facial Scale by McGrath, et al. is associated with seriation ability and also to examine the number of different distressed and happy facial expressions which can be discriminated and ordered by this age group. 20 boys and 20 girls (mean age 4 1/2 yr.) were recruited from daycare centers. Participants were taught and tested on seriation using a task which required them to rank-order nine circles ranging from white to black through grey. Then they rank-ordered the nine faces of the Affective Facial Scale. While 39 out of 40 children successfully sorted happy from distressed faces, the present sample was less accurate in distinguishing levels of affect than the older children in the normative sample tested by McGrath, et al. The present participants discriminated only five different levels of facial expression among the nine pictures. Accuracy in rank-ordering the faces was not associated with gender or with performance on the seriation task. Implications for clinical measurement of pain in preschool children are discussed.

Affect↗
PubMed1990

Lateral asymmetry in attention for three-month-old human infants during face-to-face interaction with mother.

A soft grip the size of an adult index finger was placed in the palm of 3-month-old human infants during face-to-face interaction with their mothers. In a between-subjects experiment, half the subjects interacted with mother for 3 min with no grip, which was followed by a 3 min interaction with the grip in the left hand; for the other half, the grip was placed in the right hand in the second condition. A within-subjects experiment compared the grip interaction for 3 min first in one hand and then in the other. The grip did not significantly alter the infant's gaze at mother, smiling, or positive vocalizations. The movements of the hand with the grip were suppressed similarly for left and right hands. Lateral asymmetry was found for looking to the left side when the grip was in the left hand, compared to no lateral preference in looking during any other condition. The results support a model of right-side dominance for attention control in infants.

Attention↗
PubMed2004

Two- and three-dimensional sonographic assessment of the fetal face. 1. A systematic analysis of the normal face.

OBJECTIVES: To detail fetal facial examination in utero using ultrasound, to distinguish between requirements for routine screening and those for precise analysis of fetal facial features, and to assess the use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging in fetal facial examination. METHODS: This was a retrospective study, based on the examination of approximately 10,500 fetuses. The usual age at screening ultrasound examination was 22 +/- 1 gestational weeks. RESULTS: The sonographic anatomy of the normal fetal face was depicted, and the relevance of the three reference scanning planes, sagittal, coronal and axial, was specified. CONCLUSIONS: At routine screening using two-dimensional sonography, at least two selected views must be imaged: the mid-sagittal plane (search for facial dysmorphology) and the anterior 'nose-mouth' coronal plane (search for disruption in lip continuity or deformation of the narinal bend). Precise analysis of fetal facial anomalies requires visualization and thorough step-by-step analysis in the three planes. The difference between routine screening and precise facial features' analysis has been greatly decreased since 3D and 4D sonography have become readily available. Using this modality, after surface analysis of the fetal face, the three reference planes are simultaneously imaged, using the multiplanar modality, and detailed. 3D/4D ultrasound imaging allows easier, more rapid screening and more precise evaluation of the different facial features.

Face↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Full face rejuvenation in three dimensions: a "face-lifting" for the new millennium.

Traditional facial rejuvenation techniques address the face by lifting the soft tissues in one or two dimensions. The face is a tri-dimensional structure and aging occurs in three dimensions, therefore, facial rejuvenation should be done in three dimensions. Sagging of facial soft tissues occurs inferiorly and inferomedially. The ideal reorientation during rejuvenation is in the opposite direction: vertically and supero-laterally. Two other elements not routinely addressed by traditional rejuvenative operations are reduction of skeletal framework and atrophy of soft tissues, particularly subcutaneous fat layer. These are the third dimension of facial aging. By principle, any technique that unfolds, pulls, or lifts produces a flattening effect of the structure being treated. They may give a false impression of augmentation if these tissues are advanced over bony prominences. These stretched out tissues also have a tendency to recoil. For that reason, the author suggests use of structures or methods less susceptible to a stretch relaxation or recoil. A prerequisite to 3-D facial rejuvenation is to perform a 2-D-(bi-dimensional) lift. A third dimension is integrated into it. There are four methods to provide the third dimension: (1) augmentation of the skeletal framework; (2) augmentation of subcutaneous layer with fat injection; (3) imbrication of soft tissues; (4) mobilization and repositioning of fat pockets as pedicle flaps. These methods are not exclusive to each other. One, a few, or all methods could be integrated according to the patient's needs and aesthetic goals. Tridimensional changes in facial rejuvenation can be assessed by a standard photographic comparison, using tools for in-vivo measurements or 3-D digital imaging. 3-D facial rejuvenation is an advanced concept in our pursuit to provide superior results with the more aesthetic, natural, and harmonious youthful look to our patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Specificity of face recognition: recognition of exemplars of non-face objects in prosopagnosia.

We investigated whether the recognition deficits of two patients with long-standing prosopagnosia would also extend to exemplars within visually homogeneous object categories other than faces. Categorical object recognition was unimpaired in both patients. One patient was impaired in recognizing exemplars within both "living" and "nonliving" object categories. In contrast, the other patient performed at normal levels in exemplar recognition. These results provide further evidence that prosopagnosia does not necessarily reflect a general disorder in exemplar recognition, but can be a face-specific deficit.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Face recognition. What are faces for?

Recent studies suggest that the recognition of face identity and expression, and the interpretation of socially relevant information conveyed by faces, occur in distinct regions of the primate brain.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2003

About the power for detecting severe impairment in older adults with the Faces test from Wechsler Memory Scale-III: simply guess and save face.

The Faces test from Wechsler Memory Scale-III is a widely used instrument for detecting impairment in visual memory. However, the degree to which this test actually achieves its purpose may be seriously hampered by error due to guessing. This problem becomes all the more pronounced among elderly clients, where impairment is most likely to be present. Calculations based on the binomial probability function indicate that the probability of scoring in the severely impaired range is extremely low even under a random response pattern, when the norms for older adults a reconsidered. These calculations provide conservative probability estimates that carry direct implications for clinical practice because they apply to the level of the individual client. That is, in clinical practice, detecting severe impairment in older clients, when present, is highly unlikely based on results obtained from the Faces test as currently administered and scored. A revision of the test is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Perioperative management of face-to-face craniopagus twins separation.

Craniopagus conjoining represents a complex and challenging issue for neurosurgeons as well as for anesthesiologists. A rare face-to-face case of conjoined twins underwent surgical separation and presented peculiar differences compared with those already reported in the literature. Even in cases lacking large cerebrovascular sinus connections, the impending risk of large blood loss and hemorrhagic shock in the infant requires a high level of surveillance and the institution of invasive monitoring.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2004

Staring at one side of the face increases blood flow on that side of the face.

To investigate the effect of observation on blushing, an experimenter sat next to 28 participants and looked closely at one cheek while the participant sang (embarrassing) or read aloud (not embarrassing). Increases in cheek temperature were greater on the observed than the unobserved side during both tasks. Changes in cheek temperature were symmetrical when the experimenter sat next to another 23 participants and looked straight ahead, as well as when the experimenter stared at one side of the participant's face through a glass window while the participant sang. However, increases in cutaneous blood flow were greater on the observed than the unobserved side of the forehead during singing. These findings suggest that staring at one side of the face triggers an ipsilateral increase in facial blood flow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Spatial frequency thresholds for face recognition when comparison faces are filtered and unfiltered.

Previous work has shown an advantage of middle spatial frequencies (SFs) in face recognition. However, a few recent studies have suggested that this advantage is reduced when comparison and test stimuli are spatially filtered in a similar way. In the present study, we used standard psychophysical methods, in combination with a match-to-sample task, to determine the SF thresholds for face matching under conditions in which: (1) comparison stimuli were unfiltered and (2) comparison stimuli were spatially filtered in the same way as test stimuli. In two experiments, we show that SFs closer to the middle band are sought out more in the former case than in the latter. These results are compatible with the idea that a middle band of SFs will be most useful for any visual task and that the breadth of this optimal middle band will vary depending on task characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The study of emotional processes in communication: I. Measuring emotionalization in everyday face-to-face communicative interaction.

The drawbacks of traditional research into emotional processes have led us to develop a set of methodologies for investigating them in everyday face-to-face communication. The conceptual basis of these procedures is a model of the eliciting conditions of emotional processes as well as a conceptualization of the emotional processes themselves. On the basis of the assumption of conversation as a rule-governed process, one can describe its default temporal, formal, and functional features, for which we use the MAS EDIT and SEQ programs, and the minimal model of communicative exchange, respectively. Violations of these default rules can be identified as unexpected/temporally unpredictable events eliciting emotionalization. The nature of emotionalization is determined by the psychological principle of "standard and deviation." Its investigation under natural conditions requires the following: A noninvasive method of data acquisition (including procedures for rejecting faulty or missing values), measurement (high-resolution recording of physiological, psychomotor, and vocal variables), and the (nonstatistical) construction of an inventory or "relevant effects" (contrastive and template analysis). Finally, we depict three routes of investigating time courses of activation changes as dependent and independent variables and as a target of modification and reflection.

Affect↗
PubMed2001

[The face, the mask and the times. Natural history of the segmental architecture of the face].

Extending from the supra-occipital region down to both clavicles, the face is an original anatomical entity which constituTes the main field of interaction between the brain and the external world. We here demonstrate that essential structures arise from the neural crest cells and that the segmental migratory pathway of these cells leads to the segmental ontogenesis of the head, and of the anterior neck area from seven distinct morphogenetic units which enjoy each of an independEnt growth potential. In the adult, the neural and segmental origin of the face is temporarily masked by the superficial musculoaponevrotic system which supports its cutaneous cover. Nevertheless, this fundamental architecture appears fugitively in the mimics of facial expression, then more obviously in the ptotic and folding phenomenons involved in cephalic skin ageing.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Surgical intervention for the aging face. Combination of mini-face-lifting and superficial carbon dioxide laser resurfacing.

BACKGROUND: Patients seeking facial rejuvenation often would benefit from a combination of face-lifting and laser resurfacing. Fear of skin slough has prevented the study of this issue. OBJECTIVE: We report our experience utilizing a combination of simultaneous cervicofacial rhytidectomy and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing, and summarize the results of a survey completed by each patient. METHODS: Forty patients underwent the combination treatment. Patients were followed and asked to respond to a questionnaire 12 months postprocedure regarding their surgical experience. RESULTS: Our survey revealed an overall degree of satisfaction. Reported complications included transient swelling, redness, pigmentary alteration, and numbness. One patient experienced minimal slough in a nonresurfaced site. CONCLUSIONS: The control of depth of thermal damage with the CO2 UltraPulse laser allows for precision in its combined application along with face-lifting. In the area of the flap, one pass at low power settings is safe in our experience and results in an improved cosmetic result.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1995

Cross-face reanimation of the paralysed face, with a single stage microneurovascular gracilis transfer without nerve graft: a preliminary report.

This paper describes a method of cross-face reanimation of the paralysed face by a single stage transfer of gracilis. In this method, the nerve to the gracilis is kept long and tunnelled across the upper lip and joined directly to branches of the facial nerve on the normal side. The method avoids the need for a nerve graft and shortens the period of rehabilitation by 12 months. The results in 3 cases were good in 2 cases and fair in 1 case.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Developmental changes in P-face and E-face particle densities of Xenopus cardiac muscle plasma membrane.

P- and E-face particle densities (PPD and EPD) were measured in electron micrographs of freeze-fractured cardiac sarcolemma from eight developmental stages of Xenopus laevis (stages 33/34 (33 post-otic somite embryos) to 66 (fully metamorphosed juvenile toad], using stereo-imaged replicas. We found striking progressive increases in PPD and EPD, most rapid between stages 33/34 and 37/38; that PPD was significantly greater than EPD at all stages; that both PPD and EPD of stereo-imaged replicas were about X2 greater than corresponding values not stereo-imaged; and that sarcolemmal PPD of late anuran embryonic and post-metamorphosis hearts were significantly greater than our previously determined PPD values for chick late embryo and adult mammalian sarcolemma. We suggest that PPD and EPD depend on how membrane particles segregate during freeze-fracture and on the relative contributions of membrane-spanning and non-membrane-spanning integral membrane protein complexes to each fracture face.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Enrichment and partial enzyme characterization of ATPase activity associated with the outward-facing membrane complex and inward-facing membrane of the surface epithelial syncytium of Schistosoma mansoni.

The outward-facing (OFM) and inward-facing (IFM) membranes of the surface epithelial syncytium of Schistosoma mansoni were separated by sequential exposure to saponin solutions. The OFM, containing both inner and outer bilayers, contained ATPase activity that was stimulated by Mg2+ and Ma+, but not K+ or HCO-3, and was inhibited by Ca2+ and ethacrynic acid. The OFM enzyme was unaffected by ouabain, oligomycin, SCN- and azide and had a pH optimum of 7.5. The OFM ATPase therefore has properties similar to ATPases characterized from the apical membrane of a variety of epithelial cells where it is thought to augment the regulatory cell volume decreasing function of (Na++K+)Mg2+- ATPase. The IFM contained ATPase activity that was stimulated by Mg2+, Na+ and K+, and was inhibited by ouabain indicating the IFM enzyme was the Na+-pump ATPase. The results are discussed in terms of the transepithelial transport function of the surface epithelial syncytium and a Ca2+-ATPase reported previously from the OFM of S. mansoni.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of a face-to-face weaning food intervention in Kwara State, Nigeria: knowledge, trial, and adoption of a home-prepared weaning food.

This paper reports on the evaluation of a pilot intervention which used nutrition education techniques to introduce a fortified, home-prepared weaning food (eko ilera, or 'pap for health') in 12 communities in Kwara State, Nigeria, from June to August, 1988. The recipe added toasted cowpea flour, red palm oil, and sugar to increase the energy and protein density of the traditional maize or sorghum starch porridge used for weaning from 38 to 85 kcal and 0.8 to 2.0 g protein per 100 g. A stratified, random sample of participating (n = 295) and non-participating (n = 301) mothers from the same communities were interviewed from 2 to 8 weeks following the completion of the intervention, and their rates of knowledge, trail, and adoption of eko ilera were evaluated. Of the participating mothers, 57% (95% CI: 51%, 63%) knew the modified recipe, 48% (43%, 54%) tried it, and 17% (12%, 21%) adopted it with the intention of using it in the future. Only 2% (1%, 7%) of non-participating mothers knew about the recipe. Multivariate analyses indicated that the mothers' level of education and their perception of the cost and length of preparation time of the recipe were significantly associated with its adoption. The intervention was successful in using face-to-face nutrition education methods to introduce eko ilera to mothers in this region of Nigeria and to encourage its trial and adoption.

Child Nutrition Sciences↗
PubMed2006

Cobalt(IV) corroles as catalysts for the electroreduction of O2: reactions of heterobimetallic dyads containing a face-to-face linked Fe(III) or Mn(III) porphyrin.

A series of heterobinuclear cofacial porphyrin-corrole dyads containing a Co(IV) corrole linked by one of four different spacers in a face-to-face arrangement with an Fe(III) or Mn(III) porphyrin have been examined as catalysts for the electroreduction of O(2) to H(2)O and/or H(2)O(2) when adsorbed on the surface of a graphite electrode in air-saturated aqueous solutions containing 1M HClO(4). The examined compounds are represented as (PCY)M(III)ClCo(IV)Cl where P is a porphyrin dianion, C is a corrole trianion and Y is a biphenylene (B), 9,9-dimethylxanthene (X), dibenzofuran (O) or anthracene (A) spacer. The catalytic behavior of the seven investigated dyads in the two heterobimetallic (PCY)MClCoCl series of catalysts is compared on one hand to what was previously reported for related dyads with a single Co(III) corrole macrocycle linked to a free-base porphyrin with the same set of linking bridges, (PCY)H(2)Co, and on the other hand to dicobalt porphyrin-corrole dyads of the form (PCY)Co(2) which were shown to efficiently electrocatalyze the four electron reduction of O(2) at a graphite electrode in acid media. Comparisons between the four series of porphyrin-corrole dyads, (PCY)Co(2), (PCY)H(2)Co, (PCY)FeClCoCl and (PCY)MnClCoCl, show that in all cases the biscobalt dyads catalyze O(2) electroreduction at potentials more positive by an average 110mV as compared to the related series of compounds containing a Co(III) or Co(IV) corrole macrocycle linked to a free-base metalloporphyrin or a metalloporphyrin with an Fe(III) or Mn(III) central metal ion. The data indicates that the E(1/2) values where electrocatalysis is initiated is related to the initial site of electron transfer, which is the Co(III)/Co(II) porphyrin reduction process in the case of (PCY)Co(2) and the Co(IV)/Co(III) corrole reduction in the case of (PCY)MnClCoCl, (PCY)FeClCoCl and (PCY)H(2)Co. The overall data also suggests that the catalytically active form of the biscobalt dyad in (PCY)Co(2) contains a Co(II) porphyrin and a Co(IV) corrole.

Binding Sites↗