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PubMed2004

[Comparison with friends, closeness of friendship, and academic achievement and perceived academic competence of junior high school students].

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence friends had on academic competence of children. Junior high school students, 322 in total, participated in the study. Results essentially replicated previous studies on the relationship between academic achievement and perceived academic competence, and it was positive. The present study also found that when the friendship was close and reciprocal, the achievement-competence relationship was strong if the friend's achievement was low, and weak if it was high. In contrast, children's perception of academic competence was not influenced if the comparison of academic achievement was made with a friend who was not very close.

Achievement↗

PubMed2001

Aggression toward female partners by at-risk young men: the contribution of male adolescent friendships.

Deviancy training was examined as a risk factor for physical and psychological aggression toward a female partner among boys and young men in the Oregon Youth Study. Hostile talk about women during videotaped male friendship interactions was hypothesized to indicate a process by which aggression toward women is reinforced within male peer networks. Both antisocial behavior and hostile talk were predicted to be associated with later aggression toward a female partner. Prospective developmental models were tested from 9-10 years of age through young adulthood. Findings indicated that the relation of deviant peer association in adolescence and later aggression toward a partner was mediated by antisocial behavior; observed hostile talk about women with male peers explained additional variance in aggression toward a partner.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Female adolescent friendship and delinquent behavior.

Young female offenders (n = 29) and female high school students (n = 47) were compared in terms of delinquent behavior and relationships with their best female friend and peer group. Young offenders exhibited significantly more delinquent behavior than did high school students in the past year. Delinquents and nondelinquents did not significantly differ in amount of companionship, conflict, help, security, and closeness with their best female friend, and amount of trust, alienation, and perceived intimacy in their peer group. Less communication and more perceived peer pressure in the peer group distinguished delinquent females from nondelinquent females. Perceived peer pressure significantly predicted delinquent behavior in female adolescents. In short, friendships of delinquent and nondelinquent female adolescents are essentially similar despite higher levels of peer pressure among delinquents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Thought fragments of a friendship (commemoration)].

The author tries to paint a rough sketch of the milieu, in which one of the greatest Hungarian surgeons of the last century worked. The basis of our friendship was the mutual love of surgery. I also try to mirror the unusual character of Joseph Imre.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures↗

PubMed1988

Friendship patterns and peer status during early and middle childhood.

The primary aim of this article is to provide a brief review of research on children's peer relations for child- and family-oriented practitioners. Attention is devoted to the importance of children's peer relations in child socialization and development, and to distinguishing between specific types of peer relationships and their potential functions. Findings that shed light on the nature or normative features of children's peer relationships at different ages, and evidence pertaining to the origins of specific types of relationships (i.e., peer status and friendship), will also be considered. The final section of the review will provide an overview of recent efforts to develop and test procedures for improving children's peer relations.

Child↗

PubMed1988

Kinship versus friendship: social adaptation in married and widowed elderly women.

The qualities of daughter versus same-sex friend relationships were described by 151 married and widowed elderly women. The relation of these qualities to life satisfaction was assessed. Relationship qualities predicted life satisfaction in widowed women but not in married women. Significant predictors of life satisfaction for widows included the emotional support of daughters, the instrumental support of friends and friendship strength. In a comparison of the relationship qualities, both married and widowed respondents described daughters as providing more stimulation, ego support and utility than friends. Respondents also reported that relationships with daughters were stronger than those with friends. Married women described relationships with both daughters and friends as more stimulating than widowed women. The value of assessing qualitative indices compared to quantitative indices of later life relationships is discussed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy expenditure of students at the Patrice Lumumba People's Friendship University during classes].

Energy expenditures were studied in 68 first- and fourth-year male students of the Medical Department of the Patrice Lumumba University of Peoples' Friendship, who arrived to Moscow from different regions of the world: Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, the Near East, and from the USSR. The measurement of the energy expenditures was conducted at rest, when they sat reading special literature, or stood at the blackboard solving mathematical problems, and during walking at a rate of 4 km/h, applying indirect calorimetry according to the rate of the intake of oxygen and the output of carbon dioxide, with the use of Douglas-Haldane's apparatus and automatic gas analyzer. It was established that the mean values of energy expenditure per 1 kg bw during varying types of activity did not significantly differ in students of various nationalities from different regions: daily energy expenditures of students from the USSR comprised 2591 kcal, from Asia--2240 kcal, from Africa--2296 kcal, from Latin America--2470 kcal, from the Middle and the Near East--2399 kcal. Energy expenditures of the students from different regions during examinations did not significantly differ from those during the routine studying process.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Rudolf Virchow and Heinrich Schliemann. An essay on the friendship of two great men.

This essay briefly relates the great friendship between two great men whose origins and curricula vitae differed exceedingly, but whose common scientific interest in archaeology was to unite them closely. Virchow, a medical doctor, and Schliemann, a doctor of science, were able eventually to secure safekeeping for the Trojan treasure discovered by Schliemann, whose contributions to the culture of our Western civilization have not been surpassed. What has happened to the Trojan treasure since the occupation of Berlin is a question still unanswered.

Anthropology↗

PubMed1979

Loneliness--the genesis of solitude, friendship, and comtemplation.

Living creatively with loneliness means learning who we are in solitude, experiencing health healthy friendship, and responding to God's invitation to comtemplation.

Humans↗

PubMed1981

Kinship and friendship networks and women's demand for primary care.

Women's perceptions of illness are examined and the effects of lay consultations and social networks on the use of general practitioner services are explored.A sample of 79 women aged 16-44 from a new estate in London completed six-week health diaries and were subsequently interviewed. Symptoms were recorded in the diaries one day in every three, and the ratio of medical consultations to symptom episodes was 1:18. Nearly three quarters of the symptom episodes that precipitated a medical consultation during the diary period were discussed first with someone who was non-medical. There was an average of 11 lay consultations for every medical consultation. Married women were most likely to consult with their husbands, and single and separated or divorced women with their mothers. The second most popular category of lay consultant, regardless of marital status, was female friends. Type of symptom seemed to have little effect on who was consulted.Large, active kinship networks appeared to predispose women to consult their general practitioners; large, active friendship networks seemed to have an opposite, if less decisive, effect. We speculate that discussions of symptoms with kin may be intense and protracted and lead to kin referrals to general practitioners. On the other hand, discussions with friends may be more casual and result in symptoms being redefined as unimportant and less in need of medical attention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[The Ecology Department of the Russian University of the Friendship of Peoples--a scientific, pedagogical and social concept].

The paper is about the foundation of the Environmental Department in the Russian University of Friendship of Peoples with a scientific-educational center of environmental biology and advanced technologies, the faculties of system and industrial environmental biology, human and radiation environmentology with the purpose to boost environmentalism and eco-culture.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1996

Continuity in parent-child relationships from infancy to middle childhood and relations with friendship competence.

This cross-cultural study examined continuity in parent-child relationships from infancy to middle childhood in a sample of German families. Connections were traced between individual differences in a composite of markers of the parent-child attachment relationship system (including classification of the infant via the Strange Situation and parent via the Adult Attachment Interview and for mothers' ratings of sensitivity) and later parent-child communications. Findings within the mother-child relationship revealed modest links between the composite and communications and were taken to suggest that the divergent fields of attachment and family communication research are addressing similar underlying relationship processes involving the interplay between relatedness and autonomy. Further findings revealed that the composite modestly predicted variability in children's competence in forming friendships and that differences in concurrent child-mother communications significantly added to and possibly mediated these effects. Results were interpreted as supporting a process model of development, whereby adaptation is influenced by both current and past relationship status.

Child Behavior↗

PubMed1951